PROJECT MANAGEMENT Assessment, Analysis & Planning in emergencies Bridget Steffen DHA 2009
PROJECT MANAGEMENTAssessment, Analysis & Planning in
emergencies
Bridget Steffen DHA 2009
Learning OutcomesProgramme management • describe the key elements of a
relief programme apply the planning cycle and the systems model when planning a relief operation.
Project proposals, reports, Fundraising
• describe the elements involved in writing a project proposal
• explain the principles involved in the use of ‘logframes’
Human resources: • discuss the main problems of
human resources in relief operations.
Project Cycle ApproachProject Cycle Approach
ImplementationPlanning
Monitoring &
evaluation
Assessment & Analysis
Emergency
Assessment
Assessment Process
• What does it do?• Assessment
process/objectives• ASK YOURSELF• Types/sources of data• Assessment challenges
• Half of the whole is better than the whole of half
Assessment Tools/Methods• Existing Reports;
Statistical Surveys; Maps; other agencies
• Satellite• Plane• Drive-by• Walk-through• Interviews• Group discussions &
participatory methods (Participatory Rap Assessment)
• Media
Analysis
Data Analysis & Context Information
Some analytical tools
• Statistical analsysis • Gap analysis: ‘WWW’• Vulnerability/Capacity Analysis• Gender Analysis• Demographic analysis• Technical and sectoral analysis• Problem analysis• Epidemiological analysis• SWOT analysis• Stakeholder analysis• Do No Harm analysis
Chart 2: Attack rate by caseload, Kiryandongo Refugee Camp.
0,14
0,41
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
Old New
Refugee caseload
Att
ac
k r
ate
(p
erc
en
t)Graph 1: Epidemic curve for cholera cases,
Kiryandongo Refugee Camp, June to August, 2003
0
10
20
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Weeks
No
. of
ca
se
s
Statistical analysis using graphs
Gap Analysis: 3Ws Who is doing What Where
Oxfam WVI MSF
Health X
Protection
Nutrition x X
Watsan x x
Camp A Camp B Host
Shelter UNHCR UNHCR Government
Health MSF MSF MSF
NFIs Save the Children Save the Children
Physical /Material
Social /Organizational
Motivational /Attitudinal
Vulnerabilities Capacities
Vulnerabilities and Capacities Analysis
Needs assessed Needs assessed by by ‘experts’‘experts’
Demands Demands expresedexpresed
Responses Responses possiblepossible
Actual needs
InterWorks/UNHCR
Mandate or Mandate or speciality of the speciality of the
organisationorganisation
Humanitarian Humanitarian needsneeds
Resources Resources availableavailable
A A PRIORIPRIORI
“When you’ve a hammer in your hand, all problems look like nails that need hammering”.
The problem of bias: e.g. speciality or mandate bias
Broader context
What other types of bias can you think of?
Gender analysisActivity profile what work women and men actually do (gender
division of labour – roles and responsibilities)Access and control profile what access/control women and
men have to productive resources and who benefits from their useAnalysis of factors and trends that influence the gender
division of labour, gender relations, and access and control over resources
Programme cycle analysis applying all the above data to all stages of the programme cycle
Red Cross / Red Crescent Protection Framework(adapted from ‘do no harm’ framework
1. Analyse the historical and current context
ThreatsVulnerable
GroupsSource of
Protection
YourOrganization
YourProgrammes
YourRelationships
the environment
the vulnerablepopulation others
2. Describe your activities
3. What are your effects on…
Are there any harmful effects, protection gaps or missed opportunities?
4. How can you improve?
YourOrganization
YourProgrammes
YourRelationships
SWOT AnalysisObjective
Tondon refugees receive sufficient food support
Strengths (internal)•Used to local area•Strong links with UNHCR•Food reserves available to sell
Weaknesses (internal)•Christian organisation•Lack of skilled staff
Opportunities (external)•UNHCR base in area•Strong international response that wants to buy food
-Partnership with UNHCR-Sell food to NGOs
Request training from INGOs
Partner with Muslim orgs
Threats (external)•Insecure environment•Donor fatigue
-Get funding from UNHCR-Promote our work within communities
Stakeholder AnalysisHigh Importance
Low Importance
High Influence
Low Influence
Flooding of
inhabited areas
Severe floodsLiving on floodplain
Poor dam operation
Tropical stormsDeforestation
Global Warming?
Loss of wetlands
Popn. Pressure
Poverty
Low yields
Lack of good land
DiseaseDisempowermentNo alternative employment
Food-stocks destroyed
Crops destroyed
Livestock killed
People displaced
Homes destroyedPossessions swept away
Transport infrastructure destroyed
Social infrastructure destroyedImmediate
Hunger
Further Death
Deaths of family members
Loss of livelihoods
Disease
No access to markets
Food insecurity
Fisheries ruined
Lack of warning
Lack of shelter
Problem tree
Problem / objective analysis
High risk of spread of watsan-related diseases
Problem
People consume unsafe water
People fetch water from unprotected
sources
Objective
Low risk of spread of watsan-related diseases
People have access to clean
water
People fetch water from
protected water points
Planning
Logframes
Activity Plans, Gantt Charts
Budgets
Proposals
Logical framework analysis
Narrative summary of objectives
Objectively verifiable INDICATORS
Means of verification
Key assumptions
Goal
Objective (2 or 3)
Outputs/Results
Activities
Preconditions
Inputs/Resources/budget
Logframe terminology
• Goal - the overall issue that the project will contribute towards, but not solve alone
• Objective – what your project will achieve – the direct benefit of our intervention on the population
• Result – tangible products/services delivered by the project (eg schools built, water pipeline constructed, food distributed
• Activities – how to reach/produce results materials procured, partnerships set up, trainings delivered
• Assumptions: risks that could influence/impact the project
Indicators
Measures each of the stages in terms of quality, quantity, time…
SMART
not just output…• Number of materials distributed• number of toilets built
…but impact• Change in proportion of people
of people undertaking hygienic practices
• Reduction in number of cholera cases
• Number of new toilets being correctly used and maintained
Gantt Chart
useful way of showing planned activities and durations against a timeline
Budget
• ‘plan of action’ of resources required
Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation
Funding sources
• Private donors/individuals • Business donors • Institutional donors (USAID, DFID, ECHO, EC etc • UN agencies• Churches, mosques etc
Look for the strings attached!
Proposal Format
• http://www.aidworkers.net/ • http://www.globalpolicy.org• www.alertnet.org• http://www.ecology.edu/iiee/disaster.htm• http://allafrica.com/• http://www.reliefweb.int• http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ • Better Programming Initiative (BPI)
Tools can be the blessing or the bane of our work