Solved Assignment July Dec 2016 MS-58 (Sample Copy) Course Code MS-58 Course Title Management of R&D and Innovation Assignment Code MS-58/TMA/SEM - II/2016 Assignment Coverage All Blocks To buy MBA assignments please use below link https://www.payumoney.com/store/#/buy/kian-publication For other Information please click on below link http://ignousolvedassignmentsmba.blogspot.in/ KIAN PUBLICATION Whatsapp- 9580039150 [email protected][email protected][email protected]
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Solved Assignment July Dec 2016 MS-58 (Sample Copy)
Course Code MS-58 Course Title Management of R&D and Innovation Assignment Code MS-58/TMA/SEM - II/2016 Assignment Coverage All Blocks
1. What does the „creative process‟ mean? Describe and comment upon the elements of the creative process. It is necessary that the stages in the creative process should occur in a certain order?
Creative process-
The creative process consists of six working phases, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------be experienced many times, in no definite order, sometimes for a very short time.
Let’s take a quick introductory look at the six ‘working’ phases. The order of the phases is not significant.
I use the term "creative" in the widest possible ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------, problem solving, writing, entrepreneurial initiatives and so on.
The creative process consists of six working phases, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------arts but also invention, design, problem solving, writing, entrepreneurial initiatives
and so on.
Many people wonder where creative people find their good ideas. The answer is, in amongst a huge pile of bad ones. Creativity is
like mining for diamonds, most of what you dig is thrown away, but that doesn’t make the digging a waste of time. If you ‘can’t
think of anything’ you are having difficulty with this inspiration phase, perhaps because you are too self-critical, or expect good
ideas to come too quickly.
In the field of the creative arts the inspiration phase is often associated with a search for an individual voice, and with an attempt
to conjure up deep feelings of (for example) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- subject matter.
Every creative process goes through four stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
1. Preparation:
This first stage may vary slightly --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------more reliable than logic! Needless to say, when the “eureka”
moment arrives, make sure you have a pen and paper handy!
4. Verification:
In the final stage, you must put your --------------------------------------------------------------------------- and the setting, outline the
plot, develop your research, etc.). Don’t worry if you don’t know how to do it because I shall return to this topic later.
For the moment, remember to treat your ideas with respect. They’ll come to you all throughout the creative process, and the worst
thing you can do is censor them outright. Creativity is about being able to dream, imagine, and let yourself go just like a child.
Some writers on creativity, as said earlier, have emphasized the importance of chance in creative thought. There are many
examples, e.g. Pearson's discovery of the --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------and commit himself or herself to solving a problem. Then he or she
has to 'saturate the mind' with the problem and with thinking about (and sketching) possible solutions. With luck the 'creative leap'
will occur after the subconscious mind has had time to work on the problem.
Often having creative ideas is only the first step in --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------the product reaches its final form.
It is necessary that the stages in the creative --------------------------------------------- each stage is related to its ------
---------------------------------------------------------- one can enter into next stage.
In this context, however, there are some ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------set of characteristics of the 'creative personality' has yet been isolated, but according to Garrett
and Lawson creative individuals tend to share a certain mix of traits. For example, such individuals tend to be problem-oriented,
self-centered, unorthodox, intelligent and mentally restless, and have the ability to concentrate on a task, but to shift their attention
when necessary.
Although the independent 'backyard' inventor/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------design consultancy firms and the small technology-based firms founded by
entrepreneurial scientists, inventors and engineers.
How much prior knowledge and experience is -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------traveler. However, in more highly specialized and technical fields, one could cite many
more counter-examples, such as the transistor, in which possession of the necessary theoretical and scientific knowledge was
essential to the invention.
Lawson notes that in many fields the creative --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------what is vital to creative thinking is the ability to synthesize ideas and skills from normally
unassociated areas of knowledge.
A more modern example is the invention and --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------research, chance and synthesis of ideas from different fields.
It may be helpful to think of the innovation process as one that involves several different kinds of people. Sometimes, several
kinds may reside in one or the same individual. Which is more common in small businesses, the roles of the champion, and the
'sponsor' are crucial in the organizational innovation process.
2. Discuss the rationale of partnership in innovation and R & D. “The need for partnership for innovation was never felt more than as it is today”. Examine the statement. Why is the need for partnership in innovation felt more strongly today?
R&D partnerships are strategic partnerships between businesses and organizations capable of developing a new product or service
(or improving an old one) and others who have ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Just as profits are shared among partners, so -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------this way can help members, especially those that are
smaller or less established, take on more ambitious and potentially more valuable R&D projects.
Decreased Time-to-Market
By pooling resources like funding and --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------collaboration, R&D partnerships can accelerate the creation
phase and bring potential new products or systems to market faster.
Resource Sharing
Some R&D partnerships are designed ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------and offerings without investing in often costly assets like
prototyping equipment, access to research documents, etc.
Access to New Markets
Often times partnering around R&D gives businesses the opportunity to test products in new markets. For example an
organization aiming to develop more -------------------------------------------------------------------------- on various continents.
Research and -------------------------------- Incentive
In some cases investing in ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------- potential R&D tax credits before investing.
R&D Partnerships: Considerations
Though R&D partnerships can -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------and intellectual property should be special
considerations during the partnership planning phase.
Financials
Whether a partnership is between --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------clearly define investments, profit sharing and the ability to buy back
IP in their R&D partnership agreement.
Results Monitoring
It’s not uncommon for R&D partnerships to -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, this is one of the hardest things to get right:
“A key challenge in true partnership is to strike the right balance between management that serves the Programme as a whole and
creating ownership so all partners can nurture a network spirit.”
If R&D partners find a systematic way -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- separate areas
of research, the partnership will be more likely to find success.
Intellectual Property
In the case of a cross-border R&D partnership, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of the Partnerships during the implementation.
Thus, based on above discussion we can say that need for partnership for innovation was never felt more than as it is today.
3. Gilletee‟s invention of „twin blade‟ design of shaving razor propelled it into position of „market leadership‟. Give five other criteria which you consider as the most relevant for evaluating this invention. Give reasons for your choice.
To develop current -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------. Broadly, four areas benefit from results of R&D:
-----------------------------------
Organization
---------------------------------
------------------------------------
Knowledge
Brand Equity: The image an organization --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------- or services influences Brand Equity. New knowledge adds to Brand Equity.
Technology base: The sum tota1 of knowledge ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inventions, Discoveries: Quality ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- or discovery.
Enlightenment: Knowledge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- society as a whole.
Monetary
Market Capitalization: Average market value of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------of this value which can be a measure of its success.
Asset appreciation: Balance sheets of organizations can reflect value of technology possessed. A successful R&D project can
enhance asset value.
Cost-Benefit: A comparison between the ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- a research project.
GNP: A new invention or -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------- Although, an indirect method it call be valid in case of a major breakthrough in research.
Competition-
Customer Satisfaction- R & D activities are ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------. This is an important measure of R & D work.
Market Leadership- Managements are -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------important measure of R & D work.
Core competence- Collective learning in an ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Strengthening of core competence, often resulting from
research is a measure of the quality of research work.
User Friendly- Innovations that ------------------------ help win competition. It is a useful measure to evaluate an R & D output.
Operations- Value addition and methods improvement are the criteria that can be used for evaluating operations.
New inventions or --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------measured for their contribution in these areas.
Until the 1960s, razor blades were made of carbon steel. These were prone to rusting unless carefully dried and often left users
to change blades frequently. In 1965, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------production for lower income markets. Because Gillette exploiting
customers by forcing them to buy the rust-prone blade.
By 1990, Gillette found itself in the interesting position of cannibalizing its own successful products with the launch of the
Sensor razor. The Sensor soared in sales globally and ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------for Women in 1992 and the Sensor Excel for Women in 1996. As to be expected,
the continued success of the Sensor family of shaving systems led to the gradual decline of the Atra and Trac II twin-blade
shaving systems. However, despite this decline, the Atra and Trac II razors continued to hold decent market share positions
worldwide. In addition, holding steady since 1976, Gillette’s Good News! brand maintained its position as the best-selling
disposable razor in its product category worldwide.
Gillette’s internal competition heated up with the introduction of the Mach3 razor in 1998. Touting three thin blades
designed to provide a closer shave with fewer strokes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------Excel products, Gillette sequentially produced the Mach 3 Turbo for men and the
Venus system for women in an attempt to further expand the reach of Mach3 technology and market share.
Rather than continue the razor wars by producing a six- or seven-blade razor, Gillette focused on releasing complementary
products, enhancing its existing product lines and expanding its intensely successful marketing strategy. To complement its
already successful razor and blades division, Gillette sought to expand its product portfolio inside the shower doors to create the
full ‘‘shower experience.’’ For example, the launch of Gillette ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------appeal with what customers value, Gillette has the
potential to establish a position of long-term product maturity and market dominance. In that position, it won’t matter how many
blades a competitor puts on a razor.
4. Compare the main features of the technology policy of Indian and some other countries e.g. U.S.A., U.K., and Japan. Offer you suggestions for improving the technology policy persuade in India.
Features of the technology policy of India-
Technology policies in India and in many other ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------describe the salient features of technology policy in India
and a few other countries like USA, UK and Japan.
The main technology policy of the country is ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Technology Policy arc to:
1. Attain technological competence and self reliance to reduce vulnerability, particularly in strategic and critical areas, making the
maximum use of indigenous resources.
2. Provide the maximum gainful ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------- the employment of women and weaker sections of society.
3. Use ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- competitive.
4. Ensure the correct -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- by the masses.
5. Ensure --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- minimum capital outlay.
6. Identify obsolescence of ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and technology.
7. Develop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- those with export potential.
8. Improve production speedily through greater ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and reliability of performance and output.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------what could the United States possibly learn from the British experience.
The overall structure and working of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------of research. Some major technology programme initiatives helped
U. K. to consolidate the R & D efforts, namely
Creation of three ----------------------------------------------------------------------- high technology
The technological ------------------------------------------------------------ for high tech. industries.
Providing operational ------------------------------------------------------- own centres for spin off.
Starting regional ------------------------------------------------------------- for networking.
Japan-
The Japanese technology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------which distinguishes it from others, namely:
7. Coordination and ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------- linkages in which a number of institutions and departments have interest and capabilities.
8. Undertaking or financially -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- and development, where necessary.
9. Support and -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------, Scientific Associations and Bodies.
5. Is India industry giving emphasis to technology development? Discuss. Is Government in your view providing sufficient financial support measures for technology development in India?
The current national innovation system ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Defence Research & Development Organisa-----------------------------): established in 1958; 48 laboratories
There are many other publicly funded institutions that perform research and technology development for industries related to steel,
oil and natural gas, renewable energy, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------or state-funded Scientific and Industrial Research Organizations (SIROs).
In academia, there are 280 universities in --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------created by corporations, and there are non-government organizations (NGOs) that use and apply
the available knowledge for the benefit of the society.
Furthermore, there are financial institutions such as the --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------, academia, and industry for supporting, nurturing and leading their innovations
towards fruition.
All of these institutions were working mostly in a ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------for investing in enterprises without fear of failure" (Ministry
of Science and Technology, 2013).
5. Intellectual property: The policy will seek to "establish a new regulatory framework for data access and sharing [and for
the] creation and sharing of intellectual property. The new policy framework will enable strategic partnerships and alliances
with other nations through both ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------areas of science. This will also enable the Indian
industry to gain global experience and competitiveness in some high-technology areas with spin-off benefits" (Ministry of
Science and Technology, 2013).
The Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013 thus tries to join the fragmented pieces of the Indian innovation ecosystem
and bring it into the sharper focus. It addresses the need to enhance scientific understanding and skills among the young and
aspires to position India among the top five -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------innovators and entrepreneurs through education, training, and mentoring. This positive signs
indicate that the government has fulfilled its role on the policy front. Now, it will be up to all the departments of the government
to build innovative delivery mechanisms to take the fruits of this policy to the people of the country.
Other Government Initiatives
In this section, other government initiatives --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Policy 2013 are described.
Lead paper on technology and innovation for the current five-year plan
India follows five-year plans for ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------- includes a lead paper on "Technology and Innovation" (Planning Commission, 2011), which says that:
"Strengthening the innovation ecosystem requires a platform for information sharing and dissemination to ensure: (1)
improved access to knowledge and (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------- scale. This decentralized, open and networked model would enable
information sharing on innovations and collaboration among stakeholders."
India Inclusive Innovation Fund
The India Inclusive Innovation Fund is designed to "------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------development agencies, and Indian and global corporations. The life of the fund is
nine years, and it will focus on healthcare, food and nutrition, agriculture, education energy, financial inclusion, and environment
technology, among other areas.
6. Write short notes on the following:
a) Guided Imaging
Guided Imaging, sometimes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------do this. This exercise demonstrates how your body can respond to what
you are imagining.
Guided imagery and visualization are techniques used to help you imagine yourself being in a particular state. The recordings
below are designed to help you visualize yourself relaxing or engaging in positive changes or actions. These exercises can help
you reduce anxiety, improve self-confidence, or cope more effectively with difficult situations.
Participants in a training session. For example, could ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, the authority flows downwards and across.
Therefore, it is called "Matrix Organisation".
The peculiarities or characteristics or features of a matrix organisation are:-
Hybrid Structure : Matrix organisation is a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Therefore, it has the merits and demerits of both these
organisation structures.
Functional Manager : The Functional Manager has -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- aspects of the project.
The responsibilities of functional manager are:- He -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------- work among his subordinates. He looks after the operational aspects.
Project Manager : The Project manager has ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------- authority over the financial and physical resources which he can use for completing the project.
The responsibilities of project manager are:- He decides -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the project performance.
Problem of Unity of Command : In a matrix -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------productivity and profitability of the project.
Specialisation : In a Matrix organisation, there is a specialisation. The project manager concentrates on the administrative
aspects of the project while the functional manager concentrates on the technical aspects of the project.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------managers and employees of the company.
c) SIDBI
Small Industries Development Bank of india is an independent financial institution aimed to aid the growth and development of
micro, small and medium-scale enterprises ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------branches in all major industrial clusters in India.[citation needed] Besides, it has been playing
the development role in several ways such as support to micro-finance institutions for capacity building and on lending. Recently
it has opened seven branches christened as Micro Finance branches, aimed especially at dispensing loans up to Rs. 5 lakh.
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), set up on April 2, 1990 under small industries development bank of India
act, is the Principal Financial Institution for the Promotion, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------in the small scale sector and to co-ordinate the functions of the institutions
engaged in the promotion and financing or developing industry in the small scale sector and for matters connected therewith or
incidental there to.
It is the Principal Financial Institution for the ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- engaged in similar activities.
SIDBI has also floated several other ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------in 2009, as specialized entities for NPA resolution for SME.
The business domain of SIDBI consists of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which contribute significantly to the
national economy in terms of production, ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Environment Protection, etc.
Cumulative disbursements as at end March 2014 have crossed ` 3260 trillion (€ 40.75 trillion) benefiting more than 32 million
persons in the MSME sector. The total outstanding portfolio as at end March 2014 aggregated ` 612.71 billion (€7.66 billion).
SIDBI also functions as a Nodal/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, Ministry of Food Processing and Industry, etc.
SIDBI has taken the initiative to promote ----------------------------------------------------------------- Enterprises, SIDBI Venture
Capital, SME Rating Agency of India Ltd and India SME Technology Services Ltd., for the benefit of the MSME sector.
d) Total Quality Design (TQD)
Total Quality Design and Assessment -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------, thus increasing the level of know-how with regard to
the issue of "sustainable buildings".
The guiding concept of integrated product development is quality, which could be called Total Quality Design. Total
quality can be thought of as a process in itself, and the result of the process is performance to the standards set by
customers. Quality is defined in terms of customer expectations.
Everyone in the company must be trained to understand total quality concepts and their role in an integrated product
development process. Without a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------, in how incentives are used, and in the culture of the firm. Top
management has to establish a positive work environment, employ a participative style, encourage employee
involvement and build teams.
Without a quality driven design process, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------