Mr. mohamad dichari us standards for railroad types, infrastructure and arema verses uic design standards

Railroad Design

The Second Kuwait Metro and

Rail Conference & Exhibition

April 17, 2012

Understanding Railroads HDR, Inc. © Copyright March, 2012

Outline of Presentation

•Railroad Design –Understanding Railroads

–Rail Infrastructure Types

–Yards and Facility Design

–AREMA and UIC Standards


What Is Special About Railroading?

• Trains covey a lot of freight and passengers quickly

and efficiently

– Trains - 18,000+ tons and over 2 miles long.

– Rail is a “GREEN” - 1 ton / 500 miles / 1 gallon or

1 metric ton / 833 KM / 4 liters.

• IEA estimates global averages for carbon intensity, by

those estimates:

– Passenger rail has 4 to 6 times lower carbon emissions

then air transportation.

– Freight rail has 7 to 13 times lower carbon emissions then

long distance trucking.

HDR Railroad Design

Understanding Railroads


USA Rail Design Standards

AREMA

Means

American Railway Engineering & Maintenance

Association.

AREMA has committees with representative of all

North American Railways to offer guidance on the

design specification of railways and operational

components


Europe Standards

UIC International Union of Railways, is an

international rail transport industry body

(French: Union Internationale des

Chemins de fer)


AREMA and UIC Standards

• AREMA

– American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way

Association

– merger of three engineering support associations

• UIC

– (French: Union Internationale des Chemins de fer), or

International Union of Railways, is an international rail

transport industry body.

• North American rail system is one of the premier freight

hauling systems, the cost to move a ton of freight are

the lowest in the world.

HDR Railroad Design

Rail Infrastructure Types


Design Elements UIC and AREMA

• Track Roadbed and bridges

• Track Work, Spirals and Curves

• Clearances for the width and height of the train

• Locomotives

• Freight Cars (Wagons)

• Train Lengths, Trailing Tonnage and Train

Dynamics

• Construction Costs and Operating Cost


Main Line Track


Infrastructure Track Design Types Requires Different Design Standards

• Main line (differing traffic densities)

• Branch line or side tracks

• Yard lead

• Yard body tracks

• Industry lead tracks

• Industry spur tracks

• Shop tracks


Multiple Main Line Track & Siding Track


Types of Yards

• Classification yards

– Flat switching

– Hump or mini-hump

• Receiving yards

• Departure yards

• Storage or staging yards (coal, grain, other unit trains)

• Intermodal yards (COFC, TOFC, autos)

• Shop or maintenance yards


Yard Tracks

HDR Railroad Design

Yards and Facility Design


The Yard - Definition

• A system of tracks other than the main tracks and

sidings used for storing cars and assembling, sorting,

classifying and forwarding trains.


Storage or “SIT” Yard

• Store excess equipment

• “Storage-in-Transit” for product awaiting sale or distribution


Local Yards

• Small yard used to sort and hold cars for nearby customers served by a “local” switching run


Branch Line Track


Terminal or Division Yard

• “A facility for separating trains or cuts of cars via prearranged plans for distributing the cars in blocks according to destinations, routes or commodities.”

• Where most non-unit trains start and end their runs


Mini-hump Classification Yard

• Similar track arrangement to flat switching yard

•Mini-hump

•Dowty piston retarders

•-0.5% •Crest


Major Retarder Hump Classification

• Tracks spread from hump in a “fan”

•Major retarder hump

•Master

•retarder

•Group

•retarders

•Crest

•Tangent point

•retarders


Standard Ladder

• Standard ladders


Typical Track Section


Track Roadbed and Bridges

Basic Design Criteria:

Track consists of two steel rails that are 56 ½ inches apart, supported by timber or concrete crossties, resting on rock ballast and sub-ballast, which, in turn, rests on sub-grade or embankment of the land.

The track structure must support loads generated by modern heavy-haul freight trains, which can weigh 17,000 tons or more and each wheel which carries 36,000 pounds or 18 tons


AREMA Design Limits

Track Structure Stresses •Wheel-Rail Contact Stress ~ 100,000 PSI

• Rail Bending Stress < 25,000 PSI

• Tie Bearing Stress < 200 PSI

• Ballast Bearing Stress < 85 PSI

• Sub-grade Bearing Stress < 20 PSI


AREMA Design Limits Cont

Track Loading Range •Lateral Loads up to 15,000 lbs (side load against inside of rail)

•Vertical Loads up to 36,000 lbs per wheel (Dynamic impact ~ 3X)

•Longitudinal forces up to 20,000 lbs per rail (along the rail traveling direction of the train)

Bridge Loading Rating –

Cooper E 80 (design for two 4 axle driving engines weighing 284 tons each and pull a 8,000 lb per linear foot loaded train

HDR Railroad Design

UIC versus AREMA

Design Standards


UIC verses AREMA Design Standards

• How to compare

– Track Roadbed and Bridges

– Track Work, Spirals and Curves

– Clearances for the width and height of the

train

– Locomotives

– Freight Cars (Wagons)

– Train Lengths, trailing tonnage and train

dynamics


AREMA - UIC

PARAMETERS UIC AREMA

Axel Loading 22-25 TPA

(Metric)

35.7TPA (English)

32.4 TA (Metric)

Bridge Rating 25 TPA Cooper E-80 Exceeds TPA

requirements

Width Clearance W 3150 mm (10’-4”) W3251mm (10’-8”)

Height Clearance 3175 mm (10’-4”)

rising to 4280mm

14’-1/2” at track Center above

top of rail

Plate H

6147mm

Provide 20’-2” Min. above top of

rail

Curvature 750 m curve radius 2 degree, 19

min Maximum curvature

267 m curve radius 6 degree Max

curvature

Cant 120 mm Max. (4.72 in) 76.2 mm max (3 inches)

Design Speed /Low Freight 120 kph Design speed

80 kph Operating Speed

120 kph Design Speed

120kph Operating Speed

Recommend Specific Curve

Speed in Mountain Grade

Draft Gear Tensile Strength 224,800 pounds(lbs)

191,080 for screw type

350,000 lbs standard

650,000 lbs Heavy Duty


Railway Design Standards

AREMA Standards will: • Provide for Railway that can handle the heavier axle loads

• Provide Freight Car equipment that can carry the most freight per

car (both in tonnage and in cubic capacity)

• Provide for the longest size of trains and reduce daily operating

costs

• Provides for an open international market for suppliers of

locomotives and freight cars to bid and compete in pricing to

supply the highest quality and lowest cost equipment to the

Middle Eastern countries.

• Provides the flexibility to operate Double Stacked rail transport

versus single stacked trailer on flatcar (TOFC) or container on

flatcar (COFC).


North American Double Stack train


North American Auto Train

Provides for the loading of up to 15 automobiles or 10 trucks or SUV into a single fright car

Railroad Design

Questions

Mr. mohamad dichari us standards for railroad types, infrastructure and arema verses uic design standards

Business

freight rail

psi rail

arema track roadbed

design elementsuic

passenger rail

yard trackshdr

system of tracks

division yard