[Mr. Cho] Saemaul Undong: Development through Community empowerment

Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong

Myungsoo ChoSecretary General

2013. 12. 06.

Development through Community empowerment

The Saemaul Undong Center

Saemaul Undong

Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20060

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

USD (mil-lions)

< ODA trends for 50yrs >

- total DAC : 1960. 4676 → 2008. 119759 USD million (26times) 2

ODA & Poverty

( OECD.2009)

-Sub-Saharan Africa’s Share of Global Economic Activity (per capita): 1965~2004

Saemaul Undong

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Saemaul Undong

MDGs evaluation

MDGs 2005

Eradicate extreme poverty and huger ( MDG-1 ) 41

Achieve universal primary education ( MDG-2 ) 60

Promote gender equality and empower women( MDG-3 ) 0.88

Reduce child mortality ( MDG-4 ) 159

Improve maternal health ( MDG-5 ) 900

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases ( MDG-6 ) 5.8

Ensure environmental sustainability ( MDG-7 ) 56

Develop a global partnership for development ( MDG-8 ) 39,005

World Bank, 2008. World Development Indicator Database.

2015(target)

22

100

1

62

230

75

50,000

Outlook

Impossibil-ity

Impossibil-ity

Possibility

Impossibil-ity

Impossibil-ity

Impossibil-ity

Possibility

Impossibil-ity

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Saemaul Undong

Saemaul Undong ◆ 1974 farm household income 〉 Urban household income

The economic planning board (1985)

Urban household in-come

1970 1974

2,500 US ＄

Farm Household In-come

Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong

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Economic growth Per capita Income

world Development Indicators database, 2010~2012, World Bank. World Economic Outlook Database-October 2010, IMF.

Sout

h Ko

rea

North

Kor

ea

Congo

Lao

s

Philipp

ines

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

19612010

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Saemaul Undong

Saemaul Undong

▶ Sae : New, Better, Change

▶ Maul : Village, Community

▶ Undong : movement

Movement for new (better)

Community (Village)

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Saemaul Undong

Successful Economic Development (1961~1970) - Rapid industrialization - growing economic disparity between urban area and rural area

Social Background

Urban area Rural area

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Launching of Saemaul Undong Officially announced launching of S.U. : 1970.4.22. Mayors, Governors meeting (Busan)

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< Late President Park >

“Without voluntary initiative of village

people, your community cannot stand

on your own feet. If you have self-re-

liant spirit, you will be able to become

independent with least support from

government.”

Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong

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First Initiative of government

Government handed out : 330 packs of cement to every village

Asked village people : select community leaders (man, woman) : discuss and decide what to do, how

Saemaeul UndongSaemaul Undong

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Core spirit

< diligence, self-help, cooperation >

Saemaul Training - All government employees (Central, Local)

- Saemaul Leaders, opinion leaders

Later, leaders of private sector

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Government support

Do not ask what to do Decision making → community

Government just supports - material (cement, iron cores) - technical support - financial support - administrative support

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Saemaul Undong

Projects developed

improve community infrastructure

enhance community economy livestock (cow, pigs, chicken, etc.)

crops yielding high incomeimproving farm-land productivity

new farming machines and appliances

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Sub-sidy30%

Self-support

20%

Loan50%

14

Project fundingTypical structure

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Saemaul Undong

Change of Mindset & Attitude

“We can do it”

Do not wait until government to come

We can plan, manage, and develop our

community

Community start asking Gov’t to sup-

port

Gov’t focusing on incentive, competi-

tion, expansion

Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong

• Cement 2100 packs per village, 2.6m/t of ironcores→ annually US ＄ 2000 per village(71~78)

16

Project - examples

• Village road total 85,851km, 2,601m per village(71~75)

• Cultivators (power tillers) 0.5 per village (70)→ 26(86)

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Saemaul Undong

Project - examples

• Electricity 20%(70) → 98%(77)• High-yielding rice planting 16% (72) → 55% (77) ※ rice 3.34m/t → 4.94m/t • Farm household income US ＄ 824(70)→2,961(77)

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Saemaul Undong

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Educa-tion

Change of

Mindset

Com-munity Owner-

ship

Incen-tives

compe-tition

Gov-ern-ment

Support

Success Formula

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Community Empowerment strategy

What to do How to do up to community

Au-

tonom

ous

deci-

sion

mak-

ingShare

finan-

cial

bur-

den

Volun-

tary

Partic-

ipa-

tion

Important factor

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Change of mindset

Can-doSpirit

Dili-genceSelf-help

Coop-eration

Will toFight

Poverty

The most important factor

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Saemaul Undong in Africa & Asia

Laos

Mongol

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Saemaul Undong in Africa & Asia

Uganda Tanzania

Saemaul UndongSaemaul Undong

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THANK YOU

Global Saemaul Undong