Motivation[501]

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Motivation 

 Thinking About Motivation

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• Motivation isthe processwhereby goal-

directed activity isinstigated and sustained.

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•Goals are aboutwhere we want to be.

1. which goals

we set

2. which goals

we value

and

3. which goals we

keep working

at.

Goals are related to who

we Want To Be.

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• Who students think they areaffects what they want.

• Self-Efficacy (whether or not

they are capable of achievinga goal)

•  Things that effect self-efficacy:

• Mastery experiences• Vicarious experience

(models)

• Verbal persuasion

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For many students thereis a discrepancy betweenwho they are and whothey want to become…

• …it can be motivating – if students think they can

change.

 – if they can makeconnections between thepresent and the future.

• …or devastating – if students don’t think

they can change – if they are too focused on

the present.

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• Future time perspective(FTP) is the degree towhich and the way inwhich the chronological

future is integrated intothe present life-space of an individual throughmotivational goal-settingprocesses.

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• Perceivedinstrumentality is anindividual’sunderstanding of theinstrumental valueof a presentbehavior for futuregoals (Van Calster,Lens, & Nuttin,1987).

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• Beliefs aboutAbility!

 – Incremental = Your abilitychanges over time

 – Entity = Your

ability is set atbirth

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Beliefs about Ability lead

to goal orientations.

Incremental = Mastery

Entity = Performance

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• Mastery goal orientation (Good)

 –Students are mostly concernedwith mastering the task athand

 –Failure suggests areas forimprovement – can bemotivating.

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Performancegoal orientation(Bad)

Students are mostly

concerned with doing betterthan othersStudent fears that failureindicates something abouttheir ABILITY to do the task.

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• Mastery is

INTRINSICALLYmotivating• Intrinsic

motivation:

wanting to dosomething justbecause it is—inand of itself—

enjoyable!

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• Controlling rewards

•  Threats and deadlines

• Evaluation and surveillance

 Thumb Rule: If someone

else made you – it’s not

intrinsic motivation – it’sEXTRINSIC motivation.

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It’s EXTRINSIC

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• Application Essay – Students need to make connections to their own lives.

 – Students need to make those connections themselves.

• Group Essays –  Tuesday – lecture (1.5 hrs): Students write essay questions

concerning the weeks set of readings.

 –  Thursday—Groupwork (1.5 hrs):

• Students assigned to 4-5 person groups, work togethereach week.

• I take students’ questions from Tuesday and construct 5questions for Thursday group assignment.

• Each group completes an essay (of their choice), incollaboration.

•  The essay AND collaborations are evaluated.

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 Thank  You

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