Motivation in Practice Non-Monetary Methods PEOPLE MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
Dec 23, 2015
Motivation in PracticeNon-Monetary Methods
PEOPLEMOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP
An Introduction
• Breaks, holidays.• Job security.• Safe, healthy working environment.• Friendly colleagues, superiors,
subordinates.• Interesting, stimulating tasks.
Other factors are important, such as:Other factors are important, such as:
An Introduction
• Recognition for effort, achievement.• Chance to take responsibility,
chance of promotion• Independence• Opportunities to show how good you
are
Other factors are important:Other factors are important:
An Introduction
• High degree of specialisation to maximise productivity.
Expansion of mass production systems led to:Expansion of mass production systems led to:
An Introduction
• become experts in performing tasks.
• be quicker and / or to generate less wastage.
Specialisation enables employees to:Specialisation enables employees to:
An Introduction
• Becomes boring and repetitive.
Can lead to employees losing interest, as job:Can lead to employees losing interest, as job:
An Introduction
• increased absenteeism, high labour turnover.
• lower productivity, poor quality work.
Can lead to:Can lead to:
An Introduction
• redesigning jobs to make them more challenging/fulfilling.
• giving people more freedom over aspects of their work.
• allowing people to work in teams.
Methods to increase job satisfaction involve:Methods to increase job satisfaction involve:
Definition
Job Enlargement
Providing staff with more tasks of same / similar nature.
Providing staff with more tasks of same / similar nature.
Explanation
Job Enlargement
Employee given several different tasks to do all requiring similar level of skill.
Employee given several different tasks to do all requiring similar level of skill.
Explanation
Examples Examples Shop floor workers in supermarket:Shop floor workers in supermarket:
• move from filling shelves in grocery department to...
• rotating goods in produce department.
Checkout assistant also serving behind deli counter.Checkout assistant also serving behind deli counter.
Job Enlargement
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Providing some variation of tasks may help to:Providing some variation of tasks may help to:
• reduce potential boredom from just concentrating on one task, increasing job satisfaction and productivity.
• Increase efficiency - workers being able to fill in for absentees.
Job Enlargement
Potential advantages and disadvantages
May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:
• not motivate those who would prefer extra responsibility rather than more tasks of the same nature.
• still lead to claims for additional pay.
Job Enlargement
Potential advantages and disadvantages
May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:
• result in a fall in productivity as employees find it harder to concentrate on several activities rather than one, and / or switch between tasks.
Job Enlargement
Definition
Job Enrichment
Providing employees with more challenging tasks and / or greater responsibility and ultimately, opportunities to demonstrate their abilities.
Providing employees with more challenging tasks and / or greater responsibility and ultimately, opportunities to demonstrate their abilities.
Explanation
Job Enrichment
May include allowing employee on production line to:May include allowing employee on production line to:
• plan their work.• order materials.• supervise others.• carry out routine maintenance.
Explanation
May involve different skills, carry additional responsibility.May involve different skills, carry additional responsibility.
Greater responsibility at work helps to motivate individuals.Greater responsibility at work helps to motivate individuals.
Job Enrichment
Potential advantages and disadvantages
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Job Enrichment
Potential advantages and disadvantages
AdvantagesAdvantages Disadvantages
• Greater job satisfaction for individual employees.
Job Enrichment
Advantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• May not suit all – some not willing / have the ability.
• Training costs.• Increased pay.
Job Enrichment
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Definition
Job Rotation
Providing employees with job variety by changing their job or tasks at various intervals
Providing employees with job variety by changing their job or tasks at various intervals
Explanation
Job Rotation
Type of job enlargement. May include moving an employee:Type of job enlargement. May include moving an employee:
• from one part of production line to carry out different task.
• to a new department, eg finance to personnel.
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Job Rotation
Similar to job enlargement – providing some variety may:Similar to job enlargement – providing some variety may:
• reduce potential boredom from concentrating on one task, increasing job satisfaction and productivity.
• Increase efficiency with workers easily being able to fill in for others in the case of absentees.
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Job Rotation
May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:
May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:
• not motivate those who would prefer extra responsibility rather than more tasks of the same nature.
• still lead to claims for additional pay.
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Job Rotation
May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:
May also require much less training than job enrichment. However, it may:
• Also result in a fall in output as employees learn new jobs and take time to settle in when switching between jobs / tasks.
Definition
Team Working
Where the production or provision of a service is organised into working groups, instead of individual employees specialising in individual tasks.
Where the production or provision of a service is organised into working groups, instead of individual employees specialising in individual tasks.
Explanation
Team Working
Groups of employees responsible for a particular department, product or process, are allowed to decide how work is to be divided / controlled in terms of speed / pace, including timing of breaks.
Linked with Mayo’s ideas re: social needs of individuals.
Groups of employees responsible for a particular department, product or process, are allowed to decide how work is to be divided / controlled in terms of speed / pace, including timing of breaks.
Linked with Mayo’s ideas re: social needs of individuals.
AdvantagesAdvantages Disadvantages
• Better decision making and increased productivity.
• Greater innovation / willingness to take risks.
• Less disruption to the workplace, eg if flexible workers.
Team Working
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Advantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Greater scope for conflict.
Team Working
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Definition
Participation
The joint involvement of management and employees inMaking decisions on matters of mutual concern.
The joint involvement of management and employees inMaking decisions on matters of mutual concern.
Levels of Participation
Participation
• Information sharing.• School council.• Worker directors.• Worker councils.
Potential Advantages and Disadvantages
AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Participation
AdvantagesAdvantages Disadvantages
• Employees feel more valued and fulfilled:
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Positive relationships between management + employees
Improved motivation and performance.
Participation
AdvantagesAdvantages Disadvantages
• Easier implementation of decisions.
• Better quality decisions.
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Participation
Advantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Decisions taken more slowly.
• Greater potential for conflict.
Potential advantages and disadvantages
Participation
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Management by objectives involves every employee having targets to achieve, derived from aims/objectives of the business.
Management by objectives involves every employee having targets to achieve, derived from aims/objectives of the business.
Definition
Key BenefitsKey Benefits
• Provides unity and direction.
• Provides motivation.
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Purpose
Delegation
The act of giving duties and / or the responsibility and authority for decision making to subordinates (workers below you).
The act of giving duties and / or the responsibility and authority for decision making to subordinates (workers below you).
Definition & Explanation
Principles of Good Delegation
• Great deal of trust• Willingness of managers to
delegate responsibility.
Delegation
Requires: