Một số phương pháp chế biến.pdf

8/10/2019 Mt s phng php ch bin.pdf

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TNG CNG PHNG

PHP CH BIN

THUC C TRUYN

CHUYN

GS. TS. PHM XUN SINH

Mc

Thy

KimTh

Ha

Ha

Kim

Thy

Th

Mc


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1. CN Y MNH CNG VIC CH BIN TCT

2. LI CH CA VIC CH BIN TCT

3. CC PHNG PHP CH BIN C BN TCT

4.NHNG VIC CN CHUN B KHI TIN HNHCH BIN TCT

NI DUNG BI GING McThyKimTh

HaHa

Kim

Thy

Th

Mc


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1. CN Y MNH CNG VIC CH BINTCT

- u vo ca Duc liu trn Th trng VN rt a dng vkhng n nh.+ Dc liu trng, hi trong nc cng cha tht s kim sot

c cht lng, nht l cc v thuc nam.

+ Nhng cy thuc trng, a phn nh gi v mt sn lng, tquan tm n cht lng v mt hot cht. V d: Hoi sn,Cc hoa, Sinh a hong

+ Vic s ch thuc khi thu hi trong nhn dn cng nh trong

cc c s sn xut, cng thc hin cha tht tt. V d: Vicsy dim sinh ty tin i vi cc v thuc, vic dng ph liuch khng t tiu chun


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CN Y MNH CNG VIC CH BIN T C T

- Nhngtinbvmtkimtra chtlng+tinhnh chnlaTCT, thng qua kimnghim.

+ HngkviHong k(Astragalosig IV). Trn Thtrngcoi hai

loiny l ngang nhau (gi)

+ Long mkimtra (gentiopicrin)

+ ngquy: uvo hm lng tinh du thp; cbitcht

ligustilid rt thp (gin c trn ph qun (hen suyn), gin

mchvnh tim (tqu)


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CN Y MNH CNG VIC CH BIN TCT

+ Hm lngacid glycyrrhetic trong mtsmucam thobcrt

thp(yu cusau ch,khng cdi6 %).

-tinhnh kimnhmtsTPHH trong mtsDl.

+ Hong lin, xc nhs c mtcaBerberin trong Dc liu

chbin.

+ Hm lngdiester alcaloid trong ph tch,khng ccao

hn0,20 % (so viaconitin).

+ Cht chit c trong Hong k chch mt ong khng c

di17 %. VKN TW (48 %). (Lm li)


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- tng cng vic m bo cht lng TCT, CYDHCT,

bc u chn 85 v thuc. S tip tc t ti.- Mi v thuc ch chn t 2-3 phng php m c s d dngthc hin.

- Sau khi ch, mi v u c kim tra cht lng.+ nh tnh (P ng nghim v SKLM).

+ nh lng cc TPHH chnh.+ nh lng cc cht tan c trong dung mi nc, ethanol+ m+ tro ton phn

+ nt vn.+ T l h hao- Mt s ch s khc: tro khng tan trong acid, hm lng

kim loi nngs c Vin KNTTW b sung.


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ng nhin, nhng quy trnh ch bin trong cc v thucca Cc YDHCT rt khim tn, trn thc t l rt nhiu.

- i vi tng v thuc c th, cc c s sn xut, hocc s iu tr, vn c th tin hnh thm nhng phngphp ch bin c truyn m ti c s vn trin khai.

- V d Chi t (Tr.21), sao quaTr bnh gan mt. Thct c th sao chy (cm mu).

- Tuy nhin v mt qun l, vn dng cc phng php

c bn nu trongCBBCL tin hnh kim tra chtlng ca vic ch bin ca cc c s.


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2. LI CH CA VIC CH BIN TCT

T thc tin ca cuc sng - T khi loi ngi pht hin ra la + Vn dng vo ch bin thc n + Vn dng vo ch bin TCTNng cao c tui th

Tt c cc v TCT qua ch bin mi c s dng

- Phi an ton, nhiu v thuc c c tnh ln: M tin, Hong

nn, sinh ph t, thin nam tinh, bn h

- To c cm gic d ung, khng c cc mi v kh chu.

- Phi c hiu qu r rng khi s dng.

- Khng c tc dng khng mong mun, tc dng ph


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LI CH CA VIC CH BIN TCT

T l lun ca YHCT

Thuyt m dng: Gip cho vic cn bng li m

dng, cn bng li hot ng ca tng ph trong c

th.

Thuytnghnh: Da trn c s mu sc, mi v ca

thucctruyn(ngsc,ngv,nghnh) chbin

thuc.

Thuyt tng tng & Thuyt Kinh lc: Quy np thuc c

truyn trong c th.


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Ch bin lm thay i Tnh (kh) ca thuc

- Lm tng tnh m ca thuc:

- Tm, chch vi ph liu mang tnh m.

+ H th nu vi u en (Tr.34): u en tnh mt

(anthocyan = tc dng chng oxy ha)

+ Nga trut nu gim (Tr. 62), huyn h chch gim ( Tr.51)

tng quy kinh can. Tng lng hot cht c chit ra: Alc

huyn h; Tng tc dng ch thng (gan)

NGHA

CA VIC CH BIN THUC C TRUYN


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Lm gim tnh m ca thuc:- Tm, chch ph liu mang tnh dng, sao ch: sao vng, sao

cm+ Tin a hong (tnh hn) (Tr.74), sy nhit thp,

tng dn trong 7 ngy: 24 h u sy (35 - 40 ), ngy th 2 - 3(45-50 ), ngy 4-5 (50 - 55 ), ngy 6 - 7 (60 ), nu cha

mm, sy tip. Ly ra ti thong 7 ngy. tip 3 ngy n mc

xm (Tr.74)

Sinh a. (Quy m rt nh). Thc a khng th!+ Sinh a nu vi sa nhn, gng, ru, 5 ngy (Tr.84)

+ Tho quyt minh sao vng, sao chy (Tr.82).

+ Hong lin (Tr.45) chch ru, gng

NGHACA VIC CH BIN THUC C TRUYN


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Lm gim tnh dng ca thuc+ Sinh ph t (Tr.71) ngm vi dung dch mui n, dung dch

MgCl2 thnh bch ph t, hc ph, lm gim tnh dng,gim c tnh.+ Can khng sao chy (Tr.16). M tin sao ct, rn du vng(Tr.58)+ Ng th du chch gim (Tr.64). Tc an (Tr.95) chch mui


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NGHACA CH BIN THUC C TRUYN

Lm thay i tnh v ca v thuc

- Sinh a (Tr.74), v ng tnh hn, tc dng lng huyt, sau

khi ch thnh thc a, sau 5 ngy (Tr.84), v ngt, tnh m, tc

dng b huyt.

- Bn h cha ch c v t, cay, nga, khng ung c (dng

ngoi), sau ch bin c v cay, tnh m (Tr.13).

- Cc v thuc sau sao en, sao chy, v ca n tr nn ng

hn, tnh mt hn. (i hong, tho quyt minh), ch thc

(Tr.20)


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Ch bin nh hng n s quy kinh TCT

- Chch gim tng quy kinh can: Nga trut, hng ph, din h

sch..

- Chch hong th, tng quy kinh t: bch trut, thng trut,

nam trut...

- Sao chy, sao en, tng quy kinh thn, tng tc dng ch huyt:

H dip sao chy tng ch huyt gp i, he hoa,, a du, i

k, i hong, tng tc dng cm mu, b hong sng hot

huyt, sao chy ch huyt.

NGHA

CA CH BIN THUC C TRUYN


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NGHA CH BIN THUC C TRUYN

- Ch bin cc v thuc theo phng phpc truyn l qu trnh lm thay i v chtv lng ca dc liu t (raw

materials) thnh v thuc ch bin(processed herbal materials) theo cc

nguyn l ca y hc c truyn.


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NGHIA CA CH BIN TCT

Thnh phn ha hc quyt nh Tnh v TCT, tc quyt nh tcdng TCT.

- T khong gia ca Th k trc, mi bit c mt s thnhphn hot cht trong mt s Dl.

+ Quinin trong v cy canh kina tc dng tr st rt

+ Ascaridol trong tinh du giun tr giun a

+ Rotunda trong Bnh vi: Bi Dnh Sang (L-Tetrahydropalmatin) tr mt ng.

+ Strychnin trong M tin b c, gn+ Morphin trong thuc phin gim au

- Ngy nay hu nh cc v TCT u bit c TPHH


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Ch bin lm thay i v mt ha hc

- Dc liu sao chy, hm lng tinh du gim khong

80% (ngi cu, trc bch dip, hng ph...), sao

xm cnh, gim khong 40% (ch thc, ch xc, trn

b...). Hm lng ng ca Thc a tng ln: Sinh

a: 15%, Thc a: 36%. Hoa he: Sao vng, rutin

28%, sao en, rutin 18%.

NGHA



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- M tin sng, alc ton phn: 1,43%, sau rn vi du

vng cn 0,55%, du lc cn 1,28%

- Sinh ph t,acl: 0,174 - 0,195, sau : 0,058- 0,060%.Aconitin c s bin i, chuyn thnh Aconin, lm

gim c tnh ca sinh ph t, lm tng tc dng

cng tim v tng huyt p.

NGHA

CA CH BIN THUC C TRUYN


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NGHA


TPHH ca alcaloid trong sinh ph t bin i v cu trc

CH3O

HO

OCH3

OCH3

OCOCH3

OH

N

OCH3

O

OH

C

O

CH3O

HO

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OH

N

OCH3

O

OH

C

O

H2O

To= 100oC

Aconitin Benzoyl aconin

CH3O

HO

OCH3

OCH3

OH

OH

N

OCH3

O

OH

C

O

160o- 170oC

Aconin

H


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.Ch bin lm tng tc dng ca v thuc

- Tho quyt minh sng, nu ln c mi nng, bun nn, sau vi

sao, sao vng (ty), sao chy nhu nhun, an thn, h p, minh

mc...

- Trn b vi sao, tc dng chng ho, tr m, tt hn sng.

- T b dip, khng ch, ung b ho, sau ch tr ho, hen

NGHA



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Ch bin lm tng tc dng ca v thuc

- Hong lin Chch gim, li mtTr vim gan. Chch gng

h st, tt hn Hong lin sng

- Bn h sau ch, tc dng chng nn, chng ho, tr m tthn. Khng ch tc dng gc li

- Hoa he thn, gin mch tai th, HHA, tt hn sao vng v

dng sng, rt ngn thi gian chy mu ui chut (mc d HLrutin gim i).

NGHA



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.Ch bin lm tng tc dng ca v thuc

- Tang bch b chch mt ong, tr m, chng ho, tt hn.

- Nga trut ch gim, HHA, rt ngn thi gian tiu si fibrin, tt

hn sng.

- Trch t chch mui, tng tc dng li tiu, h cholesterol

NGHA



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2.6. Ch bin gip cho vic bo qun thuc:

- Hoa he, sao vng nhanh sau thu hi, dit men

Rutinaza (thy phn rutin),

-o nhn, hnh nhn, dit men amygdalinaza

(thy phn amygdalin)

NGHA


O

O

OH O

HO

OH

OH

Glucose Rhamnose

Rutinase O

OH

OH O

HO

OH

OH

+ - ng


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Ch bin gip cho vic qun thuc

NGHA


OO

HO

O

OH

OHGlucose Baicalinase OHO

HO

O

OH

OH

[O2]

O

OO

O

O

OH

OH

Hong cm, dit men baicalinaza (thy phn baical

Bin i v ha hc ca Hong

cm


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Ch bin lm cho v thuc tr nn gin d nghin tn

Sau khi ch bin, cu trc ca cc v thuc c phn thay i, v

thuc thng phng ln, gin hn (xuyn sn gip, mch

mn... sao cch ct), hot cht d chit ra hn, lm hm lng

tng ln.

Lm cho v thuc d nghin tn, d chit xut hot cht trong

qu trnh sc thuc.

NGHA



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3. CC PHNG PHPCH BIN THUC C TRUYN

- Tt c cc v thuc c truyn trc khi s dng cn c quakhu ch bin

- TCT ch bin t tiu chun, cn cc iu kin

+ Ngun dc liu phi ng: Cy, v, tn KH, vi hc

+ m bo cht lng, cc ch tiu v m, tro

+ m bo v cc TPHH ca v thuc thng qua:

nh tnh TPHH c bn ca v thuc, hoc cc cht c trng

(DVT) nh lng TPHH chnh

- Ph liu phi t tiu chun


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CC PHNG PHPCH BIN THUC C TRUYN

- Ph liu ch+ Ph liu mang tnh m: Gng, ng th du, ru, sa nhn

+ Ph liu mang tnh mt: u en, gim, mui n, u ph, cam

tho, phn chua, vi ti, mt ng vt (mt b, mt ln), chusa, thn sa

+ Ph liu ch phi t chun: Gng ti (gi), hm lng tinhdu t 1 %. Gim n: Trong, khng c mi l, h.lng acidacetc 5 %. Mt ong (mt luyn): khng c sp, cnh, chn ong

- Phng php ch bin phi chnh xc.

- V quy trnh. Sn phm to ra phi t yu cu v cm quan:Hnh dng, mu sc, mi v.


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S ch: Bt c Dc liu no cng phi qua khu s ch:- Trchtphichnngv lm schcc vTCT

- Ra sch, phi kh, hoc sy kh.

- T0 sy, ph thuc vo hot cht ca dc liu.+ Tinh du v cc cht bay hi phi sy < 600C

To ra s ng u v mt kch thc dc liu,gip cho

cc cng on ch bin, bo ch tip theo tin li hn.

Lm cho v thuc tr nn tinh khit hn:

B i nhng b phn khng c tc dng:


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S CH

Ct b cc b phn di mt t: ch mu, xa tin tho,

bc h, t dip, kinh gii, b cng anh, ngi dip...

Ct b cc b phn trn mt t: L cn, hng ph,ngu tt, ng quy, bch ch, tang bch b, xuyn

khung...

Nhngdcliucobv ngoi: Qunhc,huphc,

mu n b, bch thc, tang bch b, tang chi, nam

mchng.


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.S CH:

- Nhngdcliubvqu,lyht: Ngubng t,t t,la bct,

lai phct,khin ngut,sa nhn, ukhu ...

- Nhngdc liu b rph: Thchxngb, thuxngb,hng

ph,cutch, cttoi b... Nhng dc liu b nm r: Nhn sm, ngu tt, ng sm...

Nhng dc liu b v ht, ly nhn: Toan to nhn, o nhn, hnh

nhn, ut l nhn, b t nhn, bch bin u, mc mit t..

Nhng dc liu b v ly li: ng tm tho, thng.tho, phc thn...Nhng dc liu b li ly v: Vin ch, mch mn, thin mn, tang

bch b, mu n b, a ct b, ba kch, bch b

CC PHNG PHP

CH BIN THUC C TRUYN


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S CHDc liu ly v qu: Mngct, thch lu, kim anh, lin

kiu, thanh b, ch xc, trn b, ...

Dc liu b gai ly qu:Thng nh t, tt l

Dc liu b qu ly i(): Th .

Dc liu b lng: T b dip (l nht Ty, nht Nht bn),

l hen, l nht ta...

CC PHNG PHP C TH

CH BIN THUC C TRUYN

CC G C


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S CH

- Bnhngbphnc c tnh.: Trng, gancc, nha cc,

mtcc, ncrn...

Nhng dc liu b u, chn, cnh: Ng cng, ton yt,

thuyn thoi...

CC PHNG PHP C TH

CH BIN THUC C TRUYN

QU TRNH LM KH DC LIU


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Phi

S CH:

- Cch lm kh tnhin dinngmttri: Phitrn sn (l,

r), trn dy:ngquy, ngutt,bch b,nhn

- Phim can: Cc loiDL chatinh du; hocsau tmMithuyt(Thanh cao, Si h)

- Sy, sy n gin trong cc l sy Th cng: Tc k,

ccSytheo My sybngti: Hong k,ngsm- SyDim sinh: Cc hoa, Hoi sn



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S CH: t:ttrctip: Cutch, Xngb,hngph

- t gin tip:t ru (Nhung)

- : - Lm mmdcliu,lm mtsthnh phnha hcbin

itheo chiuhngttln (Sinh a)+ Khng tm ph liu: Ngu tt, sinh a... nhiu ngy

+ Tm vi ph liu, thi gian khc nhau: 30, 60,c ngy, vi

- Thi phin, thi phin ti, sau khi thu hi, thi phin kh, cnqua ngm, , lm mm



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PHC CH

L phng php tin hnh vi cch dng la (Ha ch),dng nc (Thy ch), hoc kt hp gia vic dng lavi dng nc (Thy ha hp ch).

Phc ch ch tin hnh sau khi s ch

Khi tin hnh phc ch, cc giai on phi c thchin c th t.

Cc v thuc khi c quy nh cn phi phc ch thkhng c b qua.


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PHC CH

PHNGPHP SAO THUC

- Phngphp sao l phngphp dng nhitcc

mc khc nhau, tc ng vo dc liu, nhm to ra

nhngsnphm ph hp vi mcchiutr.

Sao trc tip (sao khng c ph liu)

- Dc liutip xc trc tip vi dng c sao (cho, ni)

PHC CH


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Vi sao (sao qua , sao thm)- Mc ch:

+ Dit men, gip cho vic bo qun thuc.

+ Lm kh thuc

+ Lm mt mi hi, mi hc ca thuc.

+ Lm thm thuc

- Nhit sao 60-800C.Dc liu cha tinh du


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Sao vng (Hong sao)

- Mc ch:

+ Tng quy kinh T Tng tc dng tiu ha

+ Lm gin thucc li cho bo ch

- Nhit sao 140-1500C. Thao tc: o u ti khi mt ngoi vthuc c mu vng.

- Cc dc liu: Thng trut, bch trut, hoi sn, mch nha...

- Tiu chun thnh phm: Mi thm, ngoi c mu hi vng, vng

hoc vng m (ty theo DL)

PHC CH


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Sao vng h th

Sau khi sao t vng, cho dc liu xung nn tsch (h t). Trn p dng c sao.

Tiu chun:bn ngoi vng, v thuc ht mi hc

Sao vng xm cnh- Mc ch:+ Gim tnh hn

+ Gim tnh kch thch mnh ca thuc: Ch xc, i hong..

- Nhit sao 1702000

C.- Tiu chun thnh phm:ton b c mu vng, cnh b

chy xm

PHC CH


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PHC CH

Sao cch ct- Mc ch:

- Lm gin, lm xp thuc: Mch mn

Gim c thuc: M tin

* Kh mi tanh hi: Mit gip, t t

-un ct (sch), nng gi, cho thuc vo o u

- Nhit sao:250 -300 :

- Ti:Dc liu sau sao ct, nhng nhanh vo gim:

xuyn sn gip,

PHC CH


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Sao cch bt vn cp, bt hot thch(cao ng vt.), Nhit

sao: 200-250

Sao en (Sao tn tnh, hc sao)

- Mc ch:+ Tng quy kinh thn + Tng tc dng ch huyt

Nhit sao: 200 2200C.

- Cc dc liu: To nhn, tho quyt minh, long nha tho, trc

bch dip, h dip, hoa he, b hong...- Tiu chun thnh phm: ton b pha ngoi c mu en, trong

c mu hi vng

PHC CH

PHC CH


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Sao chy (thn sao)- Mc ch:+ Tng quy kinh thn + Tng tc dng ch huyt,

Nhit sao 220- 240 0C.

- Cc dc liu:H dip, ngi dip, lon pht- Tiu chun thnh phm:C mi chy, dc liu pha ngoi

en, trong nu.

- Ch : Dit ha c, trnh ha hon (Ngi cu)

PHC CH


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Sao gin tip (sao qua ph liu trung gian):

Dc liu tip xc vi dng c sao (cho, ni),

thng qua cc phliu:Ct, t,go,cm, tru,btvncp

ivi mi loiPh liu, c cch tin hnh ring,

cnlm ngnguyn tc,mitcktqutt.

PHC CH


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Mt s ch sau sao gin tip

- Lm tht sch (ch xt, sng, sy) cc ph liu: Cmgo, hong th, ct bm vo Dc liu dn n

mcthuc.

Bch trut,Thng trut, kim anhsao vi Cm; cn

lu kim anh (vhnh lng thuyn).

Nam trut,thngtrutsao viHong th.

Mchmn sao vict


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THY CH

- Tin hnh vi mt s dc liu, nh Thn sa, chu sa,long ct.

- Nghin Dl. Trong dng c (ci) c nc

- Mc ch Thn sa khng b nhit phn hy thnh chtc (Hg). Vi Long ct khng b kht.

- Gn ly dd huyn ph. lng, gn b lp nc trong trn. Thm nc, lm nhiu ln. Gn ly bt, phi m

can.

PHC CH


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Thy -Hahpch* Tmphliu

Dc liu c trn vi mt ph liu no .

- Phi m can: Si h tm mit huyt...- Khng phi: an sm tm tit tim ln, xng b tm chu sa,

thn sa.

- Tm ri sao(Chch):a s cc trng hp

PHCCH

PHNG PHP


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-

PHNG PHP

CC PHNG PHP CHNG


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Thy -Hahpch

+ Chng:Thng qua mt dng c c t trong ni nc

un si; hoc ni hai v. Dc liu c lm mm v chn

trong cch thy kn

Mcch:+ Lm mm: H th ,hong tinh

+ Ditmen (Hong cm...)

+ Bin i tnh cht ca v thuc (Thc a, ct cnh, bch

thc..) +Lm chn dcliu:ngquy

CC PHNG PHP CHNG -


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PP NUNG, TI

+:Lm chn, mm Dl. thng qua hi nc si: Thin mn,mch mn...

+ Nung: (kn, h): Lm gin, xp Dl.

+ Ti:Mc ch: Kh mi hi tanh Dc liu.

- Tin hnh: Sau khi sao (gin tip, cch ct), hoc nung

- Nhng nhanh v thuc vo dung dch: Ru, gim, mui n

- Vt ra ro dd. trn

4 NHNG IM CN CH


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Dc liu

+ Dcliutiu chunquy nhcaDVN,

DTQ v mt cht lng: Dc liu r ngun gc xut x,

dc liusch,mbocc ch tiu vha hc, tro, ccchtchitctrong dung mi cth.

Phngphp ch

Phiph hpvitngdcliu

4. NHNG IM CN CH

KHI CH BIN

NHNG IM CN CH


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Phng tin

Phi c y phng tin cho ch bin: Cc dng c sn

phi, l sy, dng c sao, my sao, dng c nu, chit xut...

Phi t cc tiu chun ca v thuc sau ch bin.

+ Phi t cc tiu ch v ch bin theo cc quy nh v tiu

chun ch bin TCT theo Q: 39/Q- BYT,

+ Theo Tiu chun ca DVN...

NHNG IM CN CH

KHI CH BIN

NHNG IM CN CH


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- mcavthuc+ Tlhhao, khi chbin.

+ Quy cch nggi.

+iukinboqun.

+ Thihnsdng.

+ Nu c cng nng ch tr chnh, c bit ca sn phm

ch.+ Mi trngchbin: B, ncthi

NHNG IM CN CH

KHI CH BIN


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