Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22

7/29/2019 Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22

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P e a c e C o r p s / M o r o c c o 1 6 1

AppendicesP r o n u n c i a t i o n o f M o r o c c a n A r a b i c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 2

S u p p l e m e n t a r y G r a m m a r L e s s o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 6

M o r e U s e f u l E x p r e s s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 6

M o r o c c a n H o l i d a y s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 8

G l o s s a r y o f V e r b s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 2


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1 6 2 M o r o c c a n A r a b i c

P r o n u n c i a t i o n o f M o r o c c a n A r a b i c

D e s p i t e w h a t y o u m a y t h i n k a t f i r s t , i t i s i n d e e d p o s s i b l e f o r y o u t o l e a r n h o w t o p r o n o u n c e t h e s o u n d s

o f M o r o c c a n A r a b i c . L e a r n i n g t o p r o n o u n c e A r a b i c s o u n d s c o r r e c t l y e n t a i l s t w o t h i n g s : f i r s t , b e c o m i n g

a w a r e o f h o w t o m a k e t h e d i f f e r e n t s o u n d s a n d , s e c o n d , p r a c t i c i n g w i t h a n a t i v e s p e a k e r . T h i s c h a p t e r

w i l l h e l p y o u w i t h t h e f i r s t t a s k .

U n d e r s t a n d i n g H o w S o u n d s A r e M a d e

B e f o r e w e m o v e d i r e c t l y i n t o h o w t o p r o n o u n c e A r a b i c s o u n d s , l e t s f i r s t u n d e r s t a n d h o w s o u n d s a r e

m a d e i n g e n e r a l . T h e n w e c a n u s e t h i s k n o w l e d g e i n o r d e r t o w o r k o n A r a b i c s o u n d s .

F r i c a t i v e s a n d S t o p s

M a k e t h e / s / s o u n d . N o t i c e h o w a i r i s b e i n g f o r c e d t h r o u g h t h e s p a c e b e t w e e n y o u r t o n g u e a n d t h e

g u m r i d g e i n y o u r m o u t h . W h e n a s o u n d i s p r o d u c e d l i k e t h i s , b y f o r c i n g a i r b e t w e e n s o m e s m a l l

o p e n i n g , t h a t s o u n d i s c a l l e d a f r i c a t i v e . M a k e t h e / f / s o u n d . T h i s s o u n d i s a l s o a f r i c a t i v e , b e c a u s e i n

o r d e r t o m a k e i t w e m u s t f o r c e a i r b e t w e e n o u r t e e t h a n d o u r b o t t o m l i p . S o m e s o u n d s i n E n g l i s h t h a t

a r e f r i c a t i v e s a r e : / s / , / z / , / s h / , / t h / , / f / , / v / , a n d o t h e r s .

N o w m a k e t h e / t / s o u n d . H e r e , w e a r e n o t f o r c i n g a i r t h r o u g h a s m a l l o p e n i n g a t a c o n s t a n t p r e s s u r e ,

b u t r a t h e r w e c o m p l e t e l y b l o c k t h e a i r f l o w f o r a m o m e n t , a n d t h e n r e l e a s e t h e a i r s t r e a m i n o n e b i g

b u r s t . A s o u n d t h a t i s p r o d u c e d b y b l o c k i n g t h e a i r f l o w , a n d t h e n r e l e a s i n g i t , i s c a l l e d a s t o p . M a k e

t h e / k / s o u n d . T h i s i s a n o t h e r s t o p b e c a u s e a g a i n , y o u w i l l n o t i c e h o w w e b u i l d u p a l o t o f p r e s s u r e

w i t h a i r , a n d t h e n r e l e a s e i t . S o m e s t o p s i n E n g l i s h a r e : / t / , / k / , / g / , / b / , / p / , a n d o t h e r s .

V o i c e d a n d V o i c e l e s s S o u n d s

W e c a n a l s o c a t e g o r i z e c o n s o n a n t s o u n d s a c c o r d i n g t o w h e t h e r w e u s e o u r v o i c e b o x o r n o t . M a k e t h e

/ s / s o u n d . W h i l e m a k i n g t h e s o u n d , h o l d y o u r h a n d o v e r y o u r t h r o a t . N o w m a k e t h e / z / s o u n d , s t i l l

h o l d i n g y o u r h a n d t o y o u r t h r o a t . Y o u l l n o t i c e t h a t w i t h / s / , w e d o n t u s e o u r v o i c e b o x , b u t w i t h / z / ,

o u r v o i c e b o x v i b r a t e s . S o u n d s l i k e / s / a r e c a l l e d v o i c e l e s s , s i n c e w e d o n t u s e o u r v o i c e b o x . S o u n d s

l i k e / z / a r e c a l l e d v o i c e d , s i n c e o u r v o i c e b o x v i b r a t e s . M a k e t h e s o u n d / t / . I s i t v o i c e l e s s o r v o i c e d ?

N o w m a k e t h e s o u n d / d / . V o i c e l e s s o r v o i c e d ?

L e t s l o o k n o w a t s o m e o f t h e d i f f i c u l t A r a b i c s o u n d s , u s i n g w h a t w e k n o w a b o u t s o u n d s i n g e n e r a l .

P r o n u n c i a t i o n o f N o n - E n g l i s h C o n s o n a n t s

T h e S o u n d q

( )

T h e q s o u n d i s s i m i l a r t o t h e k s o u n d . B o t h a r e v o i c e l e s s s t o p s t h a t a r e m a d e b y r e l e a s i n g a i r

f o r c e f u l l y a f t e r c o m p l e t e l y b l o c k i n g t h e a i r f l o w m o m e n t a r i l y . T h e o n l y d i f f e r e n c e i s w h e r e i n t h e

t h r o a t t h e s p e a k e r b l o c k s t h e a i r f l o w . T h e q s o u n d w i l l b e m a d e f u r t h e r b a c k i n t h e t h r o a t t h a n t h e k

s o u n d . T r y t h e f o l l o w i n g e x e r c i s e .

F i r s t , t a k e a m i n u t e t o b e c o m e m o r e f a m i l i a r w i t h y o u r t h r o a t m u s c l e s . O p e n y o u r m o u t h a n d s a y a a h ,

a s i f y o u w e r e a t t h e d o c t o r s o f f i c e . Y o u r t o n g u e s h o u l d b e f l a t i n y o u r m o u t h . W i t h o u t r a i s i n g y o u r

t o n g u e , p u l l i t b a c k s o t h a t t h e b a s e o f y o u r t o n g u e c l o s e s o f f a i r b y p u l l i n g b a c k a g a i n s t t h e t h r o a t . A t

t h i s p o i n t , y o u s h o u l d n o t b e a b l e t o b r e a t h e t h r o u g h y o u r m o u t h , a l t h o u g h i t i s w i d e o p e n . P r a c t i c e

d o i n g t h i s f i r s t w i t h o u t m a k i n g a s o u n d . A f t e r p e r f o r m i n g t h i s e x e r c i s e s e v e r a l t i m e s , m a k e a s o u n d b y

r e l e a s i n g t h e a i r f o r c e f u l l y . T h e r e s u l t w i l l b e t h e s o u n d q.

T h e S o u n d x

( )

T h e s o u n d x i s a v o i c e l e s s f r i c a t i v e f o r m e d a r o u n d t h e s a m e p l a c e a s t h e s o u n d q. I t i s f o u n d i n m a n y

E u r o p e a n l a n g u a g e s : t h e R u s s i a n x , t h e S c o t t i s h p r o n u n c i a t i o n o f l o c h , a n d t h e G e r m a n c h a s

T h e / t / s o u n d i s v o i c e l e s s a n d t h e / d / s o u n d i s v o i c e d . B o t h a r e s t o p s .


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p r o n o u n c e d a f t e r a b a c k v o w e l a s i n B a c h . S o m e p e o p l e u s e t h i s s o u n d t o s a y y e c h ! T o p r o n o u n c e x,

m a k e t h e s o u n d q a n d p a y a t t e n t i o n t o w h e r e t h e b a c k o f y o u r t o n g u e h i t s t h e b a c k o f t h e r o o f o f y o u r

m o u t h a n d b l o c k s y o u r w i n d p i p e . I n s t e a d o f c l o s i n g o f f t h e w i n d p i p e w i t h t h e b a c k o f y o u r t o n g u e

c o m p l e t e l y , b l o c k i t p a r t w a y , a n d y o u w i l l p r o d u c e t h i s s o u n d .

T h e S o u n d ( )

T h e s o u n d i s t h e s a m e s o u n d a s t h e s o u n d x, e x c e p t i t i s v o i c e d . I n o t h e r w o r d s , i f y o u c a n m a k e

t h e s o u n d x, a l l y o u n e e d t o d o i s v i b r a t e y o u r v o i c e b o x a t t h e s a m e t i m e , a n d y o u w i l l p r o d u c e .

T h i n k o f t h e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e t w e e n t h e s o u n d s k ( k i t e ) a n d g ( g a m e ) : k i s v o i c e l e s s a n d g i s v o i c e d .

P r o n o u n c e k a n d g s e v e r a l t i m e s , p a y i n g a t t e n t i o n t o h o w y o u r v o i c e c h a n g e s w h e n y o u s a y g. N o w s a y

x s e v e r a l t i m e s , a n d t h e n v o i c e i t . T h e r e s u l t i s .

A l t e r n a t i v e l y , y o u m a y t h i n k o f a s s i m i l a r t o t h e s o u n d y o u m a k e w h e n g a r g l i n g . G a r g l e f o r a m i n u t e

a n d p a y a t t e n t i o n t o t h e m u s c l e s y o u u s e . T h e s o u n d i s p r o n o u n c e d u s i n g t h e s e s a m e m u s c l e s i n

s i m i l a r f a s h i o n .

T h e E m p h a t i c S o u n d s s ( ) , d ( ) , a n d t ( )

T h e s o u n d s i s t h e e m p h a t i c c o u n t e r p a r t o f t h e s o u n d s. P r o n o u n c e t h e s o u n d s a l o u d , a n d n o t e t h e

p o s i t i o n o f y o u r t o n g u e . I t s h o u l d b e t o w a r d t h e f r o n t o f t h e m o u t h a n d h i g h , c l o s e t o t h e r o o f . N o w ,

s t a r t i n g a t t h e b a c k o f y o u r t e e t h , m o v e y o u r t o n g u e b a c k a l o n g t h e r o o f o f y o u r m o u t h . Y o u w i l l f i n d a

b o n y r i d g e j u s t b e h i n d t h e t e e t h , b e f o r e t h e u p w a r d c u r v e o f t h e r o o f . P u t y o u r t o n g u e a g a i n s t t h i s

r i d g e . T h e r e s t o f y o u r t o n g u e w i l l d r o p l o w e r i n s i d e y o u r m o u t h . T h e e m p h a t i c o r v e l a r i z e d

c o n s o n a n t s i n A r a b i c a r e p r o n o u n c e d b y p l a c i n g t h e t i p o f y o u r t o n g u e i n t h i s s p o t a n d d r o p p i n g t h e

r e s t o f t h e t o n g u e a s l o w a s y o u c a n . T h u s , t h e s o u n d s s , d , a n d t a r e a l l m a d e w i t h t h e t o n g u e i n t h i s

p o s i t i o n .

A l l t h e e m p h a t i c s o u n d s a r e l o w e r i n p i t c h t h a n t h e i r n o n - e m p h a t i c c o u n t e r p a r t s . T h e y a r e

p r o n o u n c e d w i t h g r e a t e r m u s c u l a r t e n s i o n i n t h e m o u t h a n d t h r o a t a n d w i t h a r a i s i n g o f t h e b a c k a n d

r o o t o f t h e t o n g u e t o w a r d t h e r o o f o f t h e m o u t h . Y o u c a n n o t i c e t h i s c o n t r a c t i o n o f t h e t h r o a t e a s i l y b y

p r o l o n g i n g t h e l i n f u l l .

O n e i m p o r t a n t n o t e a b o u t t h e e m p h a t i c s o u n d s : t h e y d e e p e n t h e s o u n d o f s u r r o u n d i n g v o w e l s . P a y

a t t e n t i o n t o t h e s o u n d o f a l l v o w e l s n e a r t h e s e e m p h a t i c s o u n d s , b e c a u s e t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e v o w e l s g i v e s

t h e b e s t i n d i c a t i o n o f t h e p r e s e n c e o f e m p h a t i c c o n s o n a n t s . O n e i m p o r t a n t e x a m p l e i s t ini, g i v e

m e i n M o r o c c a n A r a b i c . M o s t t r a i n e e s w i l l h e a r t h e w o r d a n d t h i n k i t i s p r o n o u n c e d t ayni, w i t h t h e

m i d d l e v o w e l s o u n d ay i n s t e a d o f i. T h i s i s b e c a u s e t h e e m p h a t i c s o u n d t a f f e c t s t h e w a y t h e i

s o u n d s , m a k i n g i t s o u n d ( t o t h e E n g l i s h s p e a k e r s e a r ) l i k e a n ay. I t i s , i n f a c t , a n i h o w e v e r .

T h e S o u n d ( )

T h e s o u n d i s a v o i c e l e s s f r i c a t i v e p r o n o u n c e d d e e p i n t h e t h r o a t . I t h a s n o e q u i v a l e n t i n E n g l i s h . I n

o r d e r t o p r a c t i c e t h i s s o u n d , f i r s t t a k e a f e w m i n u t e s t o b e c o m e b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d w i t h s o m e o f y o u r

t h r o a t m u s c l e s t h a t y o u u s e o f t e n , b u t n o t t o s p e a k E n g l i s h . T h e f o l l o w i n g e x e r c i s e s a r e d e s i g n e d t o

m a k e y o u a w a r e o f w h a t t h e s e m u s c l e s c a n a l r e a d y d o , s o t h a t y o u c a n u s e t h e m t o s p e a k A r a b i c .

P r a c t i c e t h e m f o r a f e w m i n u t e s e v e r y d a y , a s o f t e n a s y o u c a n .

1 . W i t h y o u r m o u t h c l o s e d , b l o c k o f f y o u r w i n d p i p e a t y o u r t h r o a t . P u t y o u r h a n d o n y o u r t h r o a t a t t h e A d a m s a p p l e a n d c o n s t r i c t t h e m u s c l e s o n t h e i n s i d e . Y o u s h o u l d b e a b l e t o f e e l t h e

m u s c l e s c o n t r a c t i n g . A l t e r n a t e l y t i g h t e n a n d r e l a x t h e m f o r a f e w m i n u t e s .

2 . R e p e a t t h i s w i t h y o u r m o u t h o p e n . T r y t o b r e a t h e o u t t h r o u g h y o u r m o u t h i f y o u c a n , y o u a r e n o t c l o s i n g o f f t h e w i n d p i p e e n t i r e l y .

3 . C o n s t r i c t t h o s e s a m e m u s c l e s s o t h a t a i r c a n j u s t b a r e l y s q u e e z e t h r o u g h y o u r t h r o a t . I m i t a t e s o m e o n e f o g g i n g a p a i r o f g l a s s e s t o c l e a n t h e m . T h e s o u n d o f t h e a i r c o m i n g t h r o u g h y o u r

c o n s t r i c t e d t h r o a t m u s c l e s i s . B y n o w , y o u s h o u l d b e a w a r e o f w h a t y o u r t h r o a t m u s c l e s a r e

d o i n g .

4 . B e n d y o u r h e a d d o w n s o t h a t y o u r c h i n r e s t s o n t h e t o p o f y o u r c h e s t , a n d r e p e a t e x e r c i s e 3 . T h i s p o s i t i o n s h o u l d m a k e i t e a s i e r f o r y o u t o f e e l w h a t y o u a r e d o i n g .


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6/15


S u p p l e m e n t a r y G r a m m a r L e s s o n s

T h e s e a r e l e s s o n s y o u c a n w o r k o n b y y o u r s e l f o r w i t h y o u r t u t o r o n c e y o u a r r i v e a t y o u r s i t e . I t i s

u n l i k e l y y o u w i l l b e a b l e t o c o m p l e t e t h e m d u r i n g s t a g e , u n l e s s y o u a l r e a d y h a v e s o m e e x p e r i e n c e w i t h

A r a b i c .

M a k i n g I n t r a n s i t i v e V e r b s i n t o T r a n s i t i v e

V e r b s

I n t r a n s i t i v e v e r b s a r e v e r b s t h a t d o n o t r e q u i r e a d i r e c t o b j e c t s u c h a s :

to come in dxl to be afraid xaf

to go out xrj to drink rb

to laugh d k to understand fhm

to fall t a to go up t l

to go downh b t

A l l t h e s e v e r b s a r e t r i l a t e r a l ( i . e . t h e y a r e m a d e u p o f t h r e e l e t t e r s ) a n d t h e y c a n b e m a d e t r a n s i t i v e b y

d o u b l i n g t h e i r m i d d l e c o n s o n a n t ( i . e . p u t t i n g a s h e d d a o n i t ) . T h e n e w t r a n s i t i v e v e r b n o r m a l l y h a s t h e

m e a n i n g t o m a k e s o m e o n e d o s o m e t h i n g . L o o k a t h o w t h e m e a n i n g c h a n g e s w h e n t h e i n t r a n s i t i v e

v e r b d k t o l a u g h i s c h a n g e d i n t o a t r a n s i t i v e v e r b :

You are laughing / you laugh. kat- d k. .

You make me laugh. kat- d kni. .

H e r e i s a l i s t o f v e r b s c o m m o n l y u s e d i n t h e i r t r a n s i t i v e f o r m :

to make (someone or

something) enter / to bring in dxxl

to make (someone orsomething) exit / to take out

xrrj

to make (so/sth) laugh d k

to drop / to throw down (i.e. tomake something fall)

t iy

to frighten (i.e. to makesomeone afraid)

xuwf

to water (i.e. to make somethingdrink)

rrb

to make (someone) understand/ to explain

fhhm

to make go up / to promote / totake up

t ll

to bring down / to demote h b b t


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S o m e e x a m p l e s :

I brought in a dog to the housebut my father took it out.

dxxlt wa

d l-klb ld

-d

arwelakin bba xrrju.

.

The clown makes small kidslaugh.

l-klun kay-d k d-draris

-s

ar. .

Take this table out of here,

please.

xrrj afak had t -t bla mn

hna. .

P a s s i v e V e r b s

T r a n s i t i v e v e r b s c a n b e m a d e p a s s i v e b y a d d i n g t ( ) t o t h e m , a s s h o w n b e l o w :

to write ktb

to be written (masc.) tktb

to be written (fem.) tktbat

to be written (plur.) tktbu

to understand fhm

to be understood (masc.) tfhm

to be understood (fem.) tfhmat

to be understood (plur.) tfhmu

to buy ra

to be bought (masc.) tra

to be bought (fem.) trat

to be bought (plur.) trau

to steal srq

to be stolen (masc.) tsrq

to be stolen (fem.) tsrqat

to be stolen (plur.) tsrqu


Ali ate pizza. li kla l-pitza. .

The pizza was eaten. tklat l-pitza. .

The teacher wrote the lesson. l-ustad ktb d-drs. .

The lesson was written. d-drs tktb. .

The students understood theriddle.

t-tlamd fhmu l-lu z. .

The riddle was understood. l-lu z tfhm. .


8/15


Laila bought some clothes. layla rat l- wayj. .

Some clothes were bought. l- wayj trau. .

E x e r c i s e : P u t t h e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w i n t h e p a s s i v e f o r m .

1. l s s q t-t s wira f l- i t .1. .

2. ba u l-flla a l-m s ul dyalhum.2. .

3.s

bnat Jamila l-

wayj.3. .

4. hrrs Peter l-kisan.4. .

5. smma Aziz bntu Ibtisam.5. .

6. sm t s -s da l-bar .6. .

7. jlat Lupe l- p u r t abl.7. .

8. jr at Jill s b ha b l-mus.8. .

9. t at Aicha l-kadu l Malika.9. .

10. kra i wa d had d -d ar.1 0. .

T h e P a s t P r o g r e s s i v e

T h e M o r o c c a n A r a b i c e q u i v a l e n t f o r t h e E n g l i s h p a s t p r o g r e s s i v e ( w a s d o i n g , w e r e d o i n g ) i s t h e p a s t o f

kan ( ) t o b e f o l l o w e d b y t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e . F o r e x a m p l e :

He was talking. kan kay-tkllm. .

He wasnt talking. ma-kan- kay-tkllm. .

You were talking. knti kat-tkllm. .

I wasnt working ma-kntkan-xdm. .

She was writing. kant kat-ktb. .

T h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n c a n a l s o b e t r a n s l a t e d a s u s e d t o . F o r e x a m p l e :

I used to sell cars. knt kan-bi t -t umubilat. .

W h e t h e r a g i v e n o c c u r r e n c e o f t h i s c o n s t r u c t i o n i s t o b e t r a n s l a t e d a s p a s t p r o g r e s s i v e o r u s e d t o

d e p e n d s u p o n t h e c o n t e x t .

I used to travel a lot. knt kan-safr bzzaf. .

When I was in Essaouira, I usedto eat fish every day.

mlli knt f s -s wira, kntkan-akul l-

ut kulnhar.

.

I was watching TV whensomeone knocked at the door.

knt kan-tfrrj ft-tlfaza mlli dqq iwa d f l-bab.

.

I used to work in this school.knt kan-xdm f hadl-mdrasa.

.


9/15


10/15


to sell ba having sold bay (a) )(

to buy ra having bought ari(a) )(


He had written he lessons. kan katb d-durus dyalu. .

She had sold her house. kant bay a d -d ar dyalha. .

I found him standing at the door. lqitu waqf f l-bab. .

He is wearing a new shirt today. huwa labs qamija jdida. .

I saw her wearing a green coat. ftha labsa k b b u t x d r. .

Everyday I see him walking onthis street.

kul nhar kan-ufu mai fhad z-znqa.

.

F o r a s m a l l g r o u p o f v e r b s , t h e a c t i v e p a r t i c i p l e m u s t b e u s e d i n o r d e r t o e x p r e s s a c u r r e n t ( i . e .

p r o g r e s s i v e ) a c t i v i t y . F o r t h e s e v e r b s , t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e e x p r e s s e s o n l y a h a b i t u a l a c t i v i t y

Verb Stem Active Participle

to sit / stay gls sitting gals

to wear lbs wearing labs

to sleep n s sleeping na s

to leave / exit xrj leaving xarj

to enter dxl entering daxl

to return rj returning raj

to stand wqf standing waqf

to travel safr traveling msafr

to rent kra renting kari

to regret ndm regretting nadm

to be quiet skt being quiet sakt

to be afraid xaf being afraid xayf

to spend thenight bat

spending thenight bayt


He wears a green shirt everyday. (habitual present tense)

kay-lbs qamijax d

ra kulnhar.

.

He is wearing a green shirt.(now participle)

huwa labs qamija x d ra. .


11/15


She goes to sleep at 10:00.(habitual present tense)

kat-n s f 10:00. 1 0 : 0 0 .

She is sleeping.(now

participle)hiya na sa.

.

P a s s i v e P a r t i c i p l e

Verb Stem Passive Participle

to write ktb (having been)written

mktub(a) )(

to open ll (having been)opened

m lul(a) )(

to sell ba (having been)sold

mbiu (a) )(

to buy ra (having been)bought

mri(a) )(

to make

(manufacture)s n

(having been)made /manufactured

m s nu (a) )(


This tray is made of silver.had s -s iniya m s nu a mnl-f d d a.

.

These boxes have somethingwritten on them.

had s nadq mktub lihum il- aja.

.

This letter is written; I need onlya stamp to send it.

had l-bra mktuba, x s s ni

ir t-tanbr ba n-s i f t

ha.

.

Go to my room, the door isopen.

sir l l-bit dyali rahl-bab m lul.

.

I n t r a n s i t i v e V e r b s w i t h O n l y O n e P a r t i c i p l e

Verb Stem Participle

to garnish x d d r having garnishedhaving been garnished

m x d d r(a) )(

to cover t t a having coveredhaving been covered

m t t i(a) )(

to travel safr having traveledhaving been traveled

msafr(a) )(

to rest rta

having rested

having been rested mrta

(a)

)(

to go flat tf having gone flathaving been gone flat

mfu(a) )(

to hide xbba having hiddenhaving been hidden

mxbbi(a) )(



12/15


She is traveling now becauseshe is on vacation.

hiya msafra daba itndha u t la.

.

Im relaxed since I finished mywork.

ana mrta

mlli kmmltl-xdma dyali.

.

The tajine is garnished withprunes and almonds.

t -t ajin m x d d r b l-brququ l-luz.

.

He is covered with a blanketbecause he is cold.

huwa m t t

i b l-kaa itjah l-brd.

.

She was hidden behind thedoor.

kant mxbbya mur l-bab. .

E x e r c i s e : I n t h e s e n t e n c e s b e l o w , s u p p l y t h e p r o p e r f o r m o f t h e

p a r t i c i p l e o f t h e v e r b w r i t t e n i n p a r e n t h e s e s .

1. Aicha (safr) l fransa.1. ) ( .

2. kant Sara (

ll) l-bab.2. ) ( .

3. d -d ar dyal sn (ba ) 3. ) (

4. kant Layla (ma) s-suq.4. ) ( .

5. la xlliti s-srjm ( ll).5. ) . (

6. l-bar mlli jit kant xti (n s).6. ) . (

7. l-qamija dyali (wssx).7. ) . (

8. we (sdd) l-bab dyal l-kuzina?8. ) (

9. kant Su ad ( ab) l-bar .9. ) ( .

10.t

iybt d-djaj ( mmr) b l-luz.1 0.

)

(

.

11. had l-kas ( s n ) f fransa.1 1. ) ( .

12. we kant Erika (gls) f d -d ar?1 2. ) (

13. had l-ktab (trjm) mn l- rbiya ln-ngliziya.

1 3. ) ( .

14. ana ( rf) blli djun (rj ) l-m rib.

1 4. ) ( ) ( .

C o n j u n c t i o n s

either ... or imma ... wlla . . .

Either send a letter or call me. immas i f t liya bra wlla

i y t liya f t-tilifun. .

in order to ba

I am learning Arabic in order totalk to people.

kan-t llm l- rbiya ban-tkllm m a n-nas.

.

if we


13/15


I want to know if you read thisbook.

b it n- rf we qriti hadl-ktab.

.

when / since mlli / mnin /

When I came to Rabat I took thetrain.

mlli / mnin jit l r-r b a t ddit t-tran.

/ .

I have been sick since I came toRabat.

mlli jit l r- r b a t u anam r i d a.

.

who / whom / which / that l-li

The man who is sitting at thattable is my friend.

r-rajl l-li gals f dikt

-t

blas

a

bi. .

The book that I read isimportant.

l-ktab l-li qrit muhimm. .

until tta

I wont sleep until I finish this

book.

ma- adi- n-n s tta

n-kmml had l-ktab. .

as soon as ir

As soon as I finished my work Iwent out.

ir kmmlt l-xdma dyali uxrjt.

.

whenever wqt mma

Whenever I am upset I cry. wqt mma tqllqt kan-bki. .

although / even though waxxa

Although John is not a Muslim

he fasts.

waxxa John mai muslim

kay- s

um. .

but welakin

I want to help you but I cant.b it n- awnk welakinma-qddit-.

.

before qbl ma

T h i s c o n j u n c t i o n r e q u i r e s t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e w i t h o u t t h e p r e f i x ka ( ) , e v e n i f t h e p a s t i s r e f e r r e d t o .

I always read before I sleep.dima kan-qra qbl man-n s.

.

after b d ma

I n s e n t e n c e s h a v i n g t h i s c o n j u n c t i o n , t h e v e r b o f t h e s u b s e q u e n t p h r a s e h a s t o b e i n t h e s a m e t e n s e a s

t h e f i r s t o n e .

After I went home, I showered.b d ma mit l d -d ar,duwt.

.

that blli


14/15


I knew that you werent there. rft blli ma-knti-. .

since / when / because it

Since you had a lot of work, whydid you go to the cinema?

it ndk l-xdma bzzafla miti l s-sinima?

When I was in Marrakech I wentto the Menara.

it knt f Marrakech mitl l-Menara.

.

I went to the doctor because Iwas sick.

mit lt

-t

bib

it kntmr i d .

.

because la qqa

He didnt go to school becausehe didnt wake up early.

ma-ma- l l-mdrasala qqa ma-faq- bkri.

.

without bla ma

They talked without thinking.h d

ru bla ma y-fkru. .

wherever fin mma

Wherever there is water there islife.

fin mma kayn l-ma, kaynal- ayat.

.

then ad

I ate then slept. klit ad n st. .

E x e r c i s e : F i l l i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c o n j u n c t i o n f r o m t h e

l i s t .

ba it mlli la qqa ad tta blli we blama l-li welakin qbl

1. ma- adi- n-safr ____ t-ji.1. _ _ _ _ .

2. xs s k t- rfi ____ tta i aja m a s iba.2. _ _ _ _ .

3. b it n-duw ____ n-rta .3. _ _ _ _ .

4. b au y- rfu ____ kayna i mdrasa hna.4. _ _ _ _ .

5. d-dwa ____ st mlt mzyan.5. _ _ _ _ .

6. ____ kant m r i d a mat l nd t -t bib.6. _ _ _ _ .

7. b

at t-ufu ____ ma- ndha- l-wqt.7. _ _ _ _ .

8. fkkr ____ jawb.8. _ _ _ _ .

9. l-mdina ____ knt sakn fiha kbira.9. _ _ _ _ .

10. ktbt bra ____ n st.1 0. _ _ _ _ .


15/15


11. kay-akul ____ y- sl yddih ____kay-akul b l-fri t a.

1 1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

.

12. ma-safrat- ____ ma- ndha- l-flus.1 2. _ __ _ .

Moroccan Arabic Textbook 22

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