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History of tobacco
1880‟s cigarette rolling machine invented which cut cigarette manufacturing costs in half
The easy availability of cheap, packaged cigarettes and safety matches made it easier and more attractive to smoke.
WWI & WWII cigarettes distributed to troops for comfort with most men coming home from the war regular smokers
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Tobacco use & health:the facts
Largest single cause of preventable death and disease in Australia
Responsible for almost 90% drug related deaths per year
50% of smokers who smoke for a long time will die prematurely from tobacco related diseases
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What drug results in the most deaths?
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1 jumbo jet crashing every week
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What’s in a cigarette?
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Benefits of Quitting...
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Benefit of Quitting on the body
20 minutes Blood pressure drops to normal
Pulse rate drops to normal
Temperature of hands and feet increase to normal
8 hours Carbon monoxide level in blood returns to normal
Oxygen level in blood returns to normal
24 hours The immediate risk of heart attack starts to fall
48 hours Nerve endings start to regrow
Ability to taste and smell enhanced
14 days Circulation improves
Lung function increases up to 30%
3 months Lung function improves
Cough disappears
5 years Risk of lung cancer decreases by half
Stroke risk same as non smoker
Risk of mouth, throat and oesophagus cancer half that of a smoker
10 years Lung cancer death rate same as non smoker
Pre-cancerous cells replaced
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How much do you think it costs to smoke?
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Predicted Costs of Smoking
Cigarettes/DayCigarettes/
WeekWeekly Cost* Cigarettes/Year
Annual Cost*
10 70 $56.00 3640 $2910.00
15 105 $84.00 5460 $4368.00
20 140 $112.00 7280 $5824.00
25 175 $140.00 9100 $7280.00
30 210 $168.00 10920 $8736.00
35 245 $196.00 12740 $10192..00
40 280 $224.00 14560 $11648.00
45 315 $252.00 16380 $ 13104.00
50 350 $280.00 18200 $14560.00
* Price of a packet of cigarettes is $20 for a pack of 25
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Family members who smoke
Peer pressure, Rebellion and media
Role models
Availability/Legal drug
Benefits
Uptake of smoking
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Why young people smoke?
Individual influences
beliefs about smoking
self-esteem
rebellion
curiosity
Environmental influences
parents & siblings
peers
media
availability
smoke-free or smoking areas
Physical influence-Smoking
Physical dependence to nicotine
Behavioural links - habit
Psychological & emotional dependence - Feelings and emotions
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Females & Males –Motivations and concerns
Females –-difficulty, negative emotion and weight control concerns-concerns about negative effects on their external appearance
Males –-smoke for stimulation and in pleasure situations-fitness and sporting ability concerns
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Addiction/Dependence
Nicotine is the drug that causes the dependence
Behaviour
Emotions, Pleasure, and Social pressure
Habit
Social factors and Daily activities
Why people keep smoking –The 3 aspects
Nicotine Levels in a Smoker
Source: MAH Russell et al, BMJ, 1, pp. 1043-46, 1976.
Plasma nicotine ng/ml
0
10
20
30
40
50
09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Cigarette smoked
Time (hours)
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How many people smoke in Australia?
Less than 20%of people in Australia over the age of 14
smoke every day
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20
20
16 1517 17
15
11
7
5
30
28 26
29 30 30
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17
13
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
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Prevalence of smoking among 12 - 15 and 16 - 17 year olds* in Australia (1984 – 2008)
12-15 years
16-17 years
%
Year
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
12 13 14 15 16 17
3.6
6.5
9.6
15.6
28.1
21.1
3.1
4.6
13.6
18.6
21.921.1
Males
Females
12-17 year olds Smoked in the past year
(2008)
Age
%
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Smoking TrendsStats by age group differences
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...new smokers are under the age of 18
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The tobacco industry needs young people!
“The ability to attract new smokers and develop them into a young adult franchise is key to brand development.”
-Philip Morris, Five-Year Trends 1988-1992
“It is important to know as much as possible about teenage smoking patterns and attitudes. Today‟s teenager is tomorrow‟s potential regular customer…”
-Philip Morris, Market Research Report
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Product placement in the movies
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Some things have changed!
Clipsal 500 „2009‟
Legislation changes have made temporary cigarette stalls less inviting to young people.
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Legislation update
The Government amended existing regulations to ban smoking:
-under covered public transport and taxi waiting areas-within 10 metres of playgrounds and -Allow councils and other bodies to apply to have their outdoor area or event declared smoke-free
Cigarettes are no longer displayed in shops and service stations
Ambition is for 100 percent smoke-free outdoor eating and drinking in SA to beachieved by 2016
Tobacco Control in SA site: www.tobaccolaws.sa.gov.au
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How can we reduce the number of people who smoke?
Helping people quit and Media
Smoke-free places and Laws
Selling to young people
Taxation and pricing
Research and evaluation
Prevention
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Mass media campaigns
Quitting programs
Smoke-free places
Legislation
Increase price of
cigarettes
Prevention programs
Strategies required
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Encourages primary and secondary students to watch, critique and discuss 12 anti-tobacco commercials
Students vote on which commercial would prevent them from taking up smoking or encourage them to quit
Runs during Term 2 and 3 of every year
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Tobacco the Truth is Out There
Prevention activities for middle school students:
Who smokes? Why people choose to smoke, How to say no!
Long and short term effects of smoking
Passive smoking
Global perspective, Laws, policies and rules about smoking, The politics of tobacco, Quitting
(Download from www.OxyGen.org.au)
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For use in schools and early childhood centers:
Using a health promoting school approach
Endorsed by the three education sectors
‘Smoke-free education and child care’ guidelines
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DECD Whole School Drug Strategy
www.decd.sa.gov.au/drugstrategy
Intervention Matters
Keeping in touch
Teacher support packages for drug education R-12
Teacher support packages for students with disabilities
*Download from the website*
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Issue of young people smoking as primarily a health and safety issue
Particular focus on the prevention of smoking behaviour in young people
Harm reduction approach
Harm Reduction
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The Harm Reduction approach
For young people who smoke experimentally or occasionally:- quit, reduce or prevent progression to smoking more
For young people who smoke regularly:- quit, cut down or not smoke at school
Support others to quit or cut down
Actions that have the lowest levels of harm are to not smoke, to quit and to avoid environmental tobacco smoke
The Harm Reduction Approach
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The Harm reduction approach.....
Recognises:
Cigarette smoking has a number of perceived benefits for young people
There is a continuum of consequences from smoking
Achieved by:
Promoting quitting, cutting down or managing smoking at school or work
Promoting parent/carer – child communication
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Addressing youth smoking
Requires you to not make judgments about their smoking
Important to focus on what young people do rather than who they are („young people who smoke‟ not „smokers‟)
Use professional judgment to choose most appropriate intervention strategy for each situation
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WHAT IF… A young person asks
you about your tobacco use?
If a young person asks you whether you use tobacco or have used tobacco in the past, be honest
If you have never been a tobacco user…
If you have been a tobacco user…
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Suggested comments
“I wish I had the opportunity to talk about smoking like this when I was young”
“I wish I had stopped smoking when I was young”
“Quitting is easier the sooner the person who smokes tries to do it (i.e., the earlier the better)”
QUITLINE
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Telephone service – Ph 137 848 or 13QUIT
Ongoing counselling and support
Cost of a local call
Confidential
Counsellors available from
8:30am – 7.30pm weekdays
2 - 5pm Saturdays
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Ways to help young people Quit
Attend a Quitskills training course. Information about the course can be found at : http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/register_for_training.aspx
Get your student to visit www.kickit.org.au
Refer them to the Quitline on 137 848 http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/quitline_referral.aspx
Help them register for Quit onQ –Free text messaging support servicehttp://quitonq.quitsa.org.au
Visit www.quitsa.org.au
Find us on Facebook
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Ways to help Parents/Guardians Quit
Research confirms that children whose parents smoke are more likely to pick up the habit themselves
Refer them to the Quitline on 137 848 http://www.quitsa.org.au/aspx/quitline_referral.aspx
Help them register for Quit onQ –Free text messaging support servicehttp://quitonq.quitsa.org.au
Visit www.quitsa.org.au
Nicotine Replacement Therapy-Cheaper patches with a script from a GPhttp://www.quit.org.au/media/article.aspx?ContentID=31_jan_201101
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Contact details
Sally MartinEducation, Training and Web Project Officer
Ph: 08 8291 4143
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.OxyGen.org.au
www.quitsa.org.au
www.kickit.org.au
https://www.facebook.com/#!/quitsa
https://twitter.com/#!/QuitSA1
www.youtube.com/quitsouthaustralia
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