Modern World Modern World Chapter 9 Chapter 9 High Middle Ages High Middle Ages
Jan 01, 2016
Monarchs, Nobles and the Monarchs, Nobles and the ChurchChurch
PowerPower SupportSupport Justice SystemsJustice Systems
– TaxesTaxes– CourtsCourts– LawsLaws
ChurchChurch– TaxesTaxes– CourtsCourts– LawsLaws
Strong Monarchs in EnglandStrong Monarchs in England
InvadersInvaders– AnglesAngles– SaxonsSaxons– VikingsVikings
King Edward-1066King Edward-1066 HaroldHarold
– Brother in lawBrother in law Duke William of Duke William of
NormandyNormandy– Viking Descendant Viking Descendant
King Edward the Confessor
Norman ConquestNorman Conquest
December 25, 1066December 25, 1066 William the William the
ConquerorConqueror– PopePope
Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings Last successful Last successful
invasion of Englandinvasion of England FrenchFrench Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon
Heritage SurvivesHeritage Survives
William’s Growth of PowerWilliam’s Growth of Power
Tight leashTight leash Fiefs Granted but Fiefs Granted but
Kept lots of LandKept lots of Land Oath of Allegiance Oath of Allegiance CensusCensus
– Domesday BookDomesday Book TaxesTaxes
– Royal ExchequerRoyal Exchequer
Conflict with the ChurchConflict with the Church
Henry IIHenry II– Trials of ClergyTrials of Clergy
Thomas BecketThomas Becket– Archbishop of Archbishop of
CanterburyCanterbury KnightsKnights Becket KilledBecket Killed Henry II Denies Henry II Denies
InvolvementInvolvement Becket a MartyrBecket a Martyr
King JohnKing John Son of Henry IISon of Henry II Three EnemiesThree Enemies
– King Phillip II King of King Phillip II King of FranceFrance
– Pope Innocent IIIPope Innocent III– English NoblesEnglish Nobles
War with FranceWar with France– Anjou and NormandyAnjou and Normandy
Selection of Selection of Archbishop of Archbishop of CanterburyCanterbury– InterdictInterdict– Fief of PapacyFief of Papacy
Trouble with NoblesTrouble with Nobles
Magna CartaMagna Carta– Forced to signForced to sign– June 15, 1215June 15, 1215– Great CharterGreat Charter– Long List of Feudal Long List of Feudal
RightsRights– Protection against Protection against
illegal search and illegal search and seizureseizure
– Great Council of NoblesGreat Council of Nobles– Only Nobles Have Only Nobles Have
RightsRights– Later all peopleLater all people
Development of ParliamentDevelopment of Parliament
Great CouncilGreat Council– Magna CartaMagna Carta
Power FluctuatedPower Fluctuated MoneyMoney CommonsCommons
– House of CommonsHouse of Commons Nobles and ClergyNobles and Clergy
– House of LordsHouse of Lords
France: The CapetiansFrance: The Capetians
Hugh Capet-987Hugh Capet-987– Count of ParisCount of Paris
Weak-No threatWeak-No threat
Family Increases Family Increases PowerPower
HereditaryHereditary 300 years300 years ChurchChurch Efficient Efficient
Bureaucracy Bureaucracy
Phillip AugustusPhillip Augustus Phillip IIPhillip II Strengthened Royal Strengthened Royal
PowerPower Middle Class Middle Class
Professionals made Professionals made government officials government officials
National TaxNational Tax Standing ArmyStanding Army Increased Land Increased Land
holdingsholdings Most Powerful leader in Most Powerful leader in
Europe before his Europe before his death in 1223death in 1223
Louis IX King and SaintLouis IX King and Saint 1226 becomes king1226 becomes king Kind, generous, respectfulKind, generous, respectful Made a Saint 30 years Made a Saint 30 years
after deathafter death Persecuted Heretics and Persecuted Heretics and
JewsJews Fought two wars against Fought two wars against
the Muslimsthe Muslims Sent out roving officials Sent out roving officials
and expanded Justice and expanded Justice systemsystem
Made France a centralized Made France a centralized monarchymonarchy
Phillip IVPhillip IV Grandson of Louis IXGrandson of Louis IX Collected more taxes from Collected more taxes from
ClergyClergy– Upset Pope Boniface VIIIUpset Pope Boniface VIII
Pope forbade taxes on Pope forbade taxes on clergy w/o papal consentclergy w/o papal consent
Phillip said he would arrest Phillip said he would arrest those who would not paythose who would not pay
Phillip sent troops to seize Phillip sent troops to seize BonifaceBoniface
Boniface escaped but Boniface escaped but would die laterwould die later
Shortly after a Frenchman Shortly after a Frenchman was elected Pope and the was elected Pope and the papal court was moved to papal court was moved to Avignon, FranceAvignon, France
Estates GeneralEstates General
Phillip IV set upPhillip IV set up– Rally against Rally against
BonifaceBoniface Meeting of all three Meeting of all three
Estates or classesEstates or classes– ClergyClergy– NoblesNobles– TownspeopleTownspeople
The Holy Roman EmpireThe Holy Roman Empire Dukes of SaxonyDukes of Saxony 936-Duke Otto I of Saxony936-Duke Otto I of Saxony
– 11stst King of Germany King of Germany Worked with ChurchWorked with Church Took an army to defend Took an army to defend
PopePope 962 crowned emperor by 962 crowned emperor by
popepope– Successors would call Successors would call
themselves Holy Roman themselves Holy Roman EmperorsEmperors
Claimed Power over much of Claimed Power over much of eastern and western Europeeastern and western Europe
Emperor’s VassalsEmperor’s Vassals Appointment of Church Appointment of Church
OfficialsOfficials
Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory VII
Neutral and Neutral and AdmiredAdmired
Hated by enemiesHated by enemies Wanted to rid Wanted to rid
church of secular church of secular rulersrulers
Lay investiture Lay investiture – Ring and StaffRing and Staff
Emperor Henry IVEmperor Henry IV Angry about ban of lay Angry about ban of lay
investiture investiture Land=AllegianceLand=Allegiance Nobles side with popeNobles side with pope ExcommunicatedExcommunicated Subjects freed from Subjects freed from
emperoremperor RepentsRepents Goes back to Germany Goes back to Germany
to put down Noblesto put down Nobles Later would lead an Later would lead an
army into Rome and army into Rome and force the Pope into force the Pope into exileexile
Concordant of WormsConcordant of Worms
1122 treaty 1122 treaty Ended struggle Ended struggle
over lay investitureover lay investiture PopePope
– Invest spiritual Invest spiritual authorityauthority
EmperorEmperor– Invest them with Invest them with
fiefsfiefs
Italy: Frederick BarbarossaItaly: Frederick Barbarossa
Emperor Frederick I Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa “red Barbarossa “red
beard”beard” Wanted EmpireWanted Empire Northern ItalyNorthern Italy
– Joined with popeJoined with pope Lombard LeagueLombard League Defeats BarbarossaDefeats Barbarossa
Marriage b/w son Marriage b/w son Henry and Constance Henry and Constance heir to Sicily heir to Sicily
Frederick IIFrederick II
Child of Henry and Child of Henry and ConstanceConstance
German Nobles German Nobles more Independentmore Independent
Most of time spent Most of time spent in Italyin Italy
Clashed with Popes Clashed with Popes over Northern over Northern citiescities
Effects on Germany and Effects on Germany and ItalyItaly
Frederick II in ItalyFrederick II in Italy German Nobles German Nobles
more independentmore independent Holy Roman Holy Roman
Empire Survives-Empire Survives-but becomes but becomes fragmentedfragmented
Germany remains Germany remains disunited for 600 disunited for 600 yearsyears
Height of Church PowerHeight of Church Power
Pope Innocent III-1198Pope Innocent III-1198– SupremacySupremacy
Excommunication of Excommunication of JohnJohn
Phillip II –Phillip II –Excommunication and Excommunication and InterdictInterdict
Crusade against Crusade against AlbigensiansAlbigensians– Phillip IIPhillip II
World of 1050World of 1050
Thriving worldThriving world ByzantinesByzantines ChinaChina IndiaIndia IslamicIslamic MayansMayans Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks
– ByzantineByzantine– Holy LandsHoly Lands– PalestinePalestine
The CrusadesThe Crusades
Byzantine Emperor Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Alexius I – Pope Urban IIPope Urban II– TurksTurks
Council Of Council Of ClermontClermont
Muslims had Muslims had violently Invaded violently Invaded their landtheir land
MotivesMotives
God wills itGod wills it Thousands of Thousands of
KnightsKnights Religious ZealReligious Zeal WealthWealth Urban IIUrban II Heal the SchismHeal the Schism
Victories and DefeatsVictories and Defeats 200 years 200 years 11stst Crusade Crusade
– Jerusalem-1099Jerusalem-1099– 4 Smaller States4 Smaller States
1187 Muslims take back 1187 Muslims take back JerusalemJerusalem– Salah al-Din or SaladinSalah al-Din or Saladin
33rdrd Crusade Crusade– Failed to take back Failed to take back
JerusalemJerusalem– PilgrimagePilgrimage
N. AfricaN. Africa 44thth Crusade Crusade
– Fighting ChristiansFighting Christians– AcreAcre
Last Christian OutpostLast Christian Outpost
Effects of CrusadeEffects of Crusade
Economic Economic expansionexpansion
Increased power Increased power for Monarchsfor Monarchs
The ChurchThe Church Wider WorldviewWider Worldview
Reconquista in SpainReconquista in Spain
Christian AdvancesChristian Advances City of ToldeoCity of Toldeo 1300 Spain back in 1300 Spain back in
controlcontrol Muslim InfluenceMuslim Influence Ferdinand of Ferdinand of
Aragon and Aragon and Isabella of CastileIsabella of Castile– Unified StateUnified State– Persecution of Jews Persecution of Jews
and Muslimsand Muslims
Life in High Middle AgesLife in High Middle Ages
Medieval Medieval UniversitiesUniversities– Academic guildsAcademic guilds
Salerno and Bologna-Salerno and Bologna-ItalyItaly
Paris and OxfordParis and Oxford
– Student LifeStudent Life PrayerPrayer ClassClass Lunch and DinerLunch and Diner Route MemorizationRoute Memorization Liberal ArtsLiberal Arts
Europeans acquire new Europeans acquire new learninglearning
Roman and GreekRoman and Greek TranslationsTranslations PhilosophyPhilosophy
– AristotleAristotle– ScholasticismScholasticism
Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas
Science and MathScience and Math– Hindu-Arabic Hindu-Arabic
NumbersNumbers Medieval LiteratureMedieval Literature
– VernacularVernacular
Architecture and ArtArchitecture and Art
RomanesqueRomanesque GothicGothic
– Flying ButtressFlying Buttress Art in Stone and Art in Stone and
GlassGlass Illuminated Illuminated
ManuscriptsManuscripts
The Black DeathThe Black Death
Global EpidemicGlobal Epidemic Bubonic PlagueBubonic Plague RatsRats Social UpheavalSocial Upheaval Economic EffectsEconomic Effects Upheaval in churchUpheaval in church
Divisions Within the Catholic Divisions Within the Catholic ChurchChurch
Pope Clement VPope Clement V– Avignon Avignon – Babylonian Babylonian
CaptivityCaptivity Pope in RomePope in Rome Council of Council of
ConstanceConstance
New HeresiesNew Heresies
John Wycliffe John Wycliffe – Oxford ProfessorOxford Professor– Attacked CorruptionAttacked Corruption– BibleBible
John HusJohn Hus– BohemiaBohemia
Czech RepublicCzech Republic
– Burned at the stakeBurned at the stake
Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War CausesCauses English VictoryEnglish Victory
– CrecyCrecy– PoitiersPoitiers
Long BowLong Bow Joan of Arc and French Joan of Arc and French
VictoryVictory– Charles VIICharles VII– VisionVision– Captured by EnglishCaptured by English
Tried for WitchcraftTried for Witchcraft– MartyrMartyr– French CannonFrench Cannon
Effects of the Hundred Years’ Effects of the Hundred Years’ WarWar
England and France England and France sent on different pathssent on different paths
EnglandEngland– Money from ParliamentMoney from Parliament
Power of the PursePower of the Purse
FranceFrance– Monarchs gain more Monarchs gain more
powerpower Long bow and Cannon Long bow and Cannon
revolutionized warrevolutionized war