Monarchs Monarchs and and Colonies Colonies England’s monarchs and their development of American colonies
Jan 29, 2016
MonarchsMonarchs andand ColoniesColonies
England’s monarchs and their development of American
colonies
Elizabeth IElizabeth I Reigned 1558 –
1603 Wants colonies to
compete with Spain (mercantilism)
◦ Spread Protestant faith
◦ Provide raw material◦ Be a market for
English goods
Roanoke 1580sRoanoke 1580sFinanced by Sir
Walter RaleighPoorly planned
and supplied◦Failed
“Lost Colony”
James IJames I Reigned 1603-1625Wants colonies that will economically help England
Wants to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England
Jamestown (Virginia) Jamestown (Virginia) 16071607Created by Virginia Company of London ◦Created to make profit for investors
Tobacco created wealth
Created House of Burgesses in 1619 John Smith
Plymouth (Massachusetts) Plymouth (Massachusetts) 16201620
Pilgrims (Separatists) fleeing religious persecution
Created Mayflower Compact
New Hampshire 1623New Hampshire 1623John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade◦Portsmouth
Atlantic Cod
Charles ICharles IReigned 1625-1649
Son of James IDidn’t get along with the Puritans or Parliament
Wanted to help the Catholics
Massachusetts Bay 1630Massachusetts Bay 1630Settled by the
Puritans ◦Great Migration
Absorbed PlymouthFounded Harvard
College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers
Town meetings
John Winthrop
Maryland 1632Maryland 1632Founded as a refuge for English Catholics
Welcomed all Christians
1st settlement St. Mary’s City
George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
Connecticut 1636Connecticut 1636Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Thomas Hooker
Rhode Island 1636Rhode Island 1636Roger Williams
kicked out of Massachusetts
Believed in the separation of church and state
Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly
Roger Williams
English Civil WarEnglish Civil War1642 – 1648Supporters of Charles I versus Parliament controlled by the Puritans
Oliver Cromwell led the Parliament’s army, also known as the “Roundheads”
Charles I captured in 1648 and executed in 1649
CommonwealthCommonwealthRuled as Lord Protector 1649-1658
Tried to make England a strict Puritan religious state
Oliver Cromwell
Commonwealth Commonwealth EndsEnds
Took over as Lord Protector when father died
Allowed negotiations for the restoration of the monarchy
Gave up control of the country in 1659Richard Cromwell
Restoration of the Restoration of the MonarchyMonarchyParliament opens negotiations with Charles I’s son Charles
Charles agrees to return as King Charles II
Agrees to only punish those who participated in his father’s execution
Charles IICharles IIReigned 1660-1685Son of Charles IKnown as “The Merry Monarch”
Owed a lot of people for restoring him to the throne
Paid them in land
The Carolinas 1663The Carolinas 1663Founded in 1663Groups of proprietorsMost noted Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
His advisor John Locke helped write the constitution for Carolina
Split into North and South in 1712
New York 1664 New York 1664 New New JerseyJerseyOriginally New
Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦Taken for its trade routes & commerce
Became English in 1664
Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)
Originally part of New Netherlands
Became English in 1664
Land sales and religious freedom
Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 16821682
Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan
Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land
William Penn
Delaware 1682Delaware 1682Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655
Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664
Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands
Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704
James IIJames IICharles II’s younger brother, Duke of York
Reigned 1685-1689Overthrown in the “Glorious Revolution” in favor of daughter Mary and her husband William
William (III) and William (III) and Mary (II)Mary (II)
William reigns 1685-1702
Mary dies in 1694
English Bill of Rights is created
Queen AnneQueen AnneReigns 1702-1714
Mary’s younger sister
None of her children survived
Last of the Stuart line
Hanovarian LineHanovarian LineReigns 1714-1727
Great Grandson of James I
Speaks no English, only German
George I
George IIGeorge IIReigns 1727-1760
Son of George IStopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart
Georgia 1732Georgia 1732Place to send debtors
Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south
Strict rules; no slaves, no alcoholJames Oglethorpe
George IIIGeorge IIIReigns 1760-1820Grandson of George II
Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada