Model LSW formation rate (2 yr averages) estimated from: (red) CFC-12 inventories, (black) mixed layer depth and (green) volume transport residual. Also shown are selected published estimates based on in-situ measurements (cyan, gray and blue) and on a model experiment (magenta). Smethie & Fine (2000) Rhein et al. (2002) Kieke et al. (2007) Böning et al. (2003) using T 45°N – T 65°N below =27.68 kg m -3 using LS =27.68 kg m -3 outcrop area and m.l.d. using CFC-12 inventories
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Model LSW formation rate (2 yr averages) estimated from: (red) CFC-12 inventories, (black) mixed layer depth and (green) volume transport residual. Also.
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Model LSW formation rate (2 yr averages) estimated from: (red) CFC-12 inventories, (black) mixed layer depth and (green) volume transport residual. Also shown are selected published estimates based on in-situ measurements (cyan, gray and blue) and on a model experiment (magenta).
Smethie & Fine (2000)
Rhein et al. (2002)Kieke et al. (2007)
Böning et al. (2003)
using T45°N – T65°N below =27.68 kg m-3
using LS =27.68 kg m-3 outcrop area and m.l.d.using CFC-12 inventories
Deep water formation, the strength of the subpolar gyre, and the AMOC in the subpolar