mm bagali Jain University Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought
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mm bagali
Jain University
Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what nobody else has thought
How many visited library before Planning to do research
How many saw literature / article /papers /report before commencement
How many visited company / organization before
finalizing to do research
How many met professors (to be your guide) before
finalizing to do research
Preparation for Research work
with 100%
with 75%
with 50%
with 10%
with nothing at all
Why all this
Can do or cant do
Can do good work or cant do good work
Can do a new work or cant do a new work
Can really do a research work
Crafting Literature Review
If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it
agenda
Why Literature Review
How to do it
When to do
ICSSR
Philosophy
Literature review should reach some conclusion on current state of knowledge and suggest next step in investigation of the problem or question of interest
Further Research section
What's the relevance
Why??
Identify extent and quality of work already carried out
Avoid duplication
Conceptually organized synthesis of results
Who all are working / network
Why??
Organized examination and presentation of the writings
Research question and methodology can be better understood
Breadth and diversity of literature that relates to the research question
Literature review is a context within which you locate your own work in relation to other researchers
Piece of work
Every piece is required, but not essential always
Utility of LS
• Questionnaire• Comparison• Analysis (discussion)• Result analysis• Network• Justification
Self Questions
• Deciding what to refer• Referring to others’ work• How it is connected • what this work is all about• Is it relevant• Is it valid• Is it appropriate• Is it standard • Is it worth
Two ways
• Read other work, than construct your map• Have a map, and than see others work
Importance of Literature Search
• Can I have focus / direction• Are my objectives relevant• Is my Research Question apt
• Are my hypothesis ok• Can I prove from my work• Can I conclude• Generate New knowledge• Can I have a Research degree
Types of literature
Preprints Conference proceedings
Informally published reports (“grey literature”)
Journal articlesReviews Books
Edited collections Books
Monographs/surveys/
• Theses Reports • Official publications • Research reports/ papers• Working papers• Theme papers
Broad areas
Search
BooksResearch
papersPhD/ M.Phil
Post Doctoral
Avoid
– News papers– Draft proposals
– Discussions– Debate– Popular Opinions
Online Search
EBSCO
NASSDOC
University News
Micro Purpose of a literature review
1. Helps map and define your research topic
2. Presents a balanced view
3. Justifies your research question
4. Provides literature for you to compare
1. Helps map and define research topic
highlights scope & boundaries
shows where the study fits into broad picture
shares proposed study
provides evidence that your topic is building onto an established body of knowledge
2. Presents a balanced view
arrange your notes in a logical order
identify the major themes
look for relationships
try to avoid long lists of sub-topics
3. Justifies your research question
Justifies and makes a case for your research question, problem, issue
Provides a framework for establishing importance of your study
Argues that not enough is yet known about the topic
4. Literature to compare
Provides literature for you to compare your thinking
What they are X what you are
What they said X what you say
Their contribution X your contribution
Develop an Outline for a Literature Review
• Develop research question• Define key terms• State a research thesis, and • Identify a target list of 20 key resources
Presentation of Literature Review
Title, Author, Research Question, Key Terms, Findings,
Methodology, and what was the gap
Format
Format 1
– Essay way
Format 2
– Review Main points
Format 3
– Tabular Form
Format 4
– Entire work
Sources for Literature SearchOff-line
Abstract database of all the subjects
Subject Index
• Guide to Indian Literature• Ulrich Guide• Library search• Registers• Classified catalog cards • Bibliographic databases• Psychological Abstracts• Sociological Abstract• IIM-A/ B • Footnote chasing
Common error
• Too quick conclusion• Try same thing• Complete reading of paper • Format of presentation• Nothing for me to do• Copying
Skills
• Reading• Understanding• Critical Analysis• Logical connection• Leave out• Visiting libraries• Special Library
Key words on your topic
Example: Empowerment
• ??
Key words on your topic
Example: Empowerment
• OB• HR practices• HRM / SHRM• Leadership• Organizational Change• Restructuring / OD• Sociology of Culture• Change Management
Work on
Accountability / Bureaucracy / Culture / Leadership/ Management Style and approach / Structure / liberty / Communication / Decision Making / Discipline/ Ethos / Industrial Democracy / Knowledge Sharing / Ownership Culture / Organizational Health / Power Distribution/ Responsibility Sharing / Transparency / Information sharing / Degree of trust & loyalty……….
ICSSR….. Research funding
• NASSDOC• Study Grants• Partial Assistance• Literature search…. Bibliography• Conference Alert• PhD thesis• Monographs• All Social Science journals
List of Machine Readable Databases
Online Databases
EconLit (1969+)
International Political Science Abstracts (1989+)
Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) (1969+)
PsycINFO (1872+)
Sociological Abstracts (1952+)
II CD ROM Databases • AGRIS (1975-2000)All India Index to English books in print
• Business Abstracts CD-ROM (1999-2003,2008)
• Dissertation Abstracts on Disc : A Humanities and Social Sciences (with abstracts) (1987-2003)
• ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre) (with abstracts) (1966-2000)
• International Bibliography of Social Science (1981-2002)
• ISID Research Reference CD (without abstracts)
• Journal Citation Report (2000, 2002)
• PAIS International (Public Affairs Information Service)
• POPLINE (Population Online) (with abstracts) (2002)
• PsycINFO (with abstracts) (2003 June)
• Singapore National Bibliography (1998-2002)
• Social Sciences Citation Index with Abstracts (1998-99, 2003)
• Social Science Index (without abstract) (1983-2000)
• Social Sciences Index / Full Text (1989-1999)
• UNESCO CD-ROM (1997-2002)
• Vans Electronic Library (2000-2001)
• Wilson Social Science Abstracts Women Studies International (1972-2004)
Statistical Databases
• Annual Survey of Industries, 1973-74 to 1997-98
• Domestic Product of States of India, 1960-1961 to 2000-01
• Economic Intelligence Service (2004-2005) (CMIE, India)
• FAO STAT (Food and Agriculture Statistics) (2001)
• Global Development Finance on CD-ROM
• National Accounts Statistics of India 1950-51 to 2000-01
• UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics (2002)
• World Development Indicators on CD-ROM (1999, 2003)
• Other Database……..Indian Business Insight Database (IBID)
Bibliography compilation charges :
Rs. 25/- plus Rs.22.00 for the Registered Postage
(Total Rs. 47.00 for 25 references)
As on March, 2012
Library
• ICSSR• AIMA• ILO• JNU• Parliament • HRD Ministry• NCERT• AIU• British • American
Reflections
Do I have a specific thesis, problem, or research question
What type of literature review am I conducting?
Am I looking at issues of theory, methodology, policy, quantitative research,
qualitative research?
What is the scope of my literature review? What types of publications am I using: journals, books, government documents, popular media?
What discipline am I working in: economics, psychology, sociology, management?
• How good are my information seeking skills?
• Found all the relevant material?
• Did I exclude irrelevant material?
• Is there a specific relationship between literature chosen to review and problem formulated?
Have I critically analyzed the literature I use?
Do I just list and summarize authors and articles, or do I critically assess them?
Have I cited and discussed studies contrary to my perspective?
Will the reader find my literature review relevant, appropriate, and useful?
Some tips
Keep up to date - start with recent and work back
Be persistent, search across disciplines
Resist temptation to rely on online content
Read intensively and extensively
End Tips
Don’t worry if it looks messy
Boundaries between this literature and that literature are not clearly demarcated
There is no definitive set of choices about which literatures, or authors, to include in your literature review
Do not start writing your literature review until you have developed a broad and deep understanding of your topic!
You can’t know everything
Aware
• Copyright
• Patent• Cant dawn load• Cant change
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