Mi.ttu.ee USAGE OF ESTONIAN OIL SHALE Enno Reinsalu Ingo Valgma Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Mining Erik Väli Estonian Oil Shale Mining.

mi.ttu.ee

USAGE OF ESTONIAN OIL SHALE

Enno Reinsalu Ingo Valgma Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Mining

Erik Väli Estonian Oil Shale Mining Company Eesti Põlevkivi

Sept 16 2007 MAEGS15- OIL SHALE USAGE- Ingo Valgma

2 mi.ttu.ee

There are two types of oil shale in Estonia

• Dictyonema argillite (siltstone or black shale): – Content of organic matter 6…15 %– Mo, V and U content 100…1200 g/t

• Kukersite (oil shale): – Kerogen (organic matter) content 20…55 %– Calorific value 7…19 MJ/kg– No heavy metals


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Dictyonema argillite


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Kukersite


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Dictyonema argillite was mined

… in town Sillamäe 1949…1952 as uranium ore.

0

20

40

60

80

100

1949 1950 1951 1952 since 1969

Years

Min

ed o

re (

DA

), t

hous

and

t

0

10

20

30

40

50

Pos

sibl

e ur

aniu

m,

t

Ore Metal


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Kukersite is mined today

Oil plantOil plantOil plantOil plantOil plantOil plantOil plantOil plantOil plant

Closed plantClosed plantClosed plantClosed plantClosed plantClosed plantClosed plantClosed plantClosed plant

Power plantPower plantPower plantPower plantPower plantPower plantPower plantPower plantPower plant

Closed power plantClosed power plantClosed power plantClosed power plantClosed power plantClosed power plantClosed power plantClosed power plantClosed power plant

NarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarva

Narva-Narva-Narva-Narva-Narva-Narva-Narva-Narva-Narva-JõesuuJõesuuJõesuuJõesuuJõesuuJõesuuJõesuuJõesuuJõesuu

Eesti Eesti Eesti Eesti Eesti Eesti Eesti Eesti Eesti Power PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower Plant

SlantsõSlantsõSlantsõSlantsõSlantsõSlantsõSlantsõSlantsõSlantsõ

Lake PeipsiLake PeipsiLake PeipsiLake PeipsiLake PeipsiLake PeipsiLake PeipsiLake PeipsiLake Peipsi

Gulf of NarvaGulf of NarvaGulf of NarvaGulf of NarvaGulf of NarvaGulf of NarvaGulf of NarvaGulf of NarvaGulf of Narva

JõhviJõhviJõhviJõhviJõhviJõhviJõhviJõhviJõhvi

SillamäeSillamäeSillamäeSillamäeSillamäeSillamäeSillamäeSillamäeSillamäe

AhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmePower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower PlantPower Plant

Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-JärveJärveJärveJärveJärveJärveJärveJärveJärveKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõli

Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-Kohtla-NõmmeNõmmeNõmmeNõmmeNõmmeNõmmeNõmmeNõmmeNõmme

PüssiPüssiPüssiPüssiPüssiPüssiPüssiPüssiPüssi

Surface mined areaSurface mined areaSurface mined areaSurface mined areaSurface mined areaSurface mined areaSurface mined areaSurface mined areaSurface mined area

Underground mineUnderground mineUnderground mineUnderground mineUnderground mineUnderground mineUnderground mineUnderground mineUnderground mine

Permissions arePermissions arePermissions arePermissions arePermissions arePermissions arePermissions arePermissions arePermissions arenot resolutednot resolutednot resolutednot resolutednot resolutednot resolutednot resolutednot resolutednot resoluted

New mineNew mineNew mineNew mineNew mineNew mineNew mineNew mineNew mine

© Enno Reinsalu, 2007

Flooded mineFlooded mineFlooded mineFlooded mineFlooded mineFlooded mineFlooded mineFlooded mineFlooded mine

ReservationReservationReservationReservationReservationReservationReservationReservationReservation

RakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvere

KundaKundaKundaKundaKundaKundaKundaKundaKunda

MezhduretshijeMezhduretshijeMezhduretshijeMezhduretshijeMezhduretshijeMezhduretshijeMezhduretshijeMezhduretshijeMezhduretshije

Põhja-KiviõliPõhja-KiviõliPõhja-KiviõliPõhja-KiviõliPõhja-KiviõliPõhja-KiviõliPõhja-KiviõliPõhja-KiviõliPõhja-Kiviõli

KirovskojeKirovskojeKirovskojeKirovskojeKirovskojeKirovskojeKirovskojeKirovskojeKirovskoje

UbjaUbjaUbjaUbjaUbjaUbjaUbjaUbjaUbjaHaljalaHaljalaHaljalaHaljalaHaljalaHaljalaHaljalaHaljalaHaljala

KiroviKiroviKiroviKiroviKiroviKiroviKiroviKiroviKirovi

LeningradskajaLeningradskajaLeningradskajaLeningradskajaLeningradskajaLeningradskajaLeningradskajaLeningradskajaLeningradskaja

nr 4nr 4nr 4nr 4nr 4nr 4nr 4nr 4nr 4

VanamõisaVanamõisaVanamõisaVanamõisaVanamõisaVanamõisaVanamõisaVanamõisaVanamõisa

KiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõliKiviõli

EstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstoniaEstonia

AhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtmeAhtme

nr 2nr 2nr 2nr 2nr 2nr 2nr 2nr 2nr 2KävaKävaKävaKävaKävaKävaKävaKävaKäva

SompaSompaSompaSompaSompaSompaSompaSompaSompa

KukruseKukruseKukruseKukruseKukruseKukruseKukruseKukruseKukruse

ViruViruViruViruViruViruViruViruViru

PuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatuPuhatu

PermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermiskülaPermisküla

OanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOanduOandu

Uus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus KiviõliUus Kiviõli

OjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaaOjamaa

KabalaKabalaKabalaKabalaKabalaKabalaKabalaKabalaKabala

TuduTuduTuduTuduTuduTuduTuduTuduTudu

KohalaKohalaKohalaKohalaKohalaKohalaKohalaKohalaKohala UljasteUljasteUljasteUljasteUljasteUljasteUljasteUljasteUljaste

RakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereRakvereSondaSondaSondaSondaSondaSondaSondaSondaSonda

PeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsiPeipsi

SeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeliSeli

PadaPadaPadaPadaPadaPadaPadaPadaPada

111111111

NarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarvaNarva

AiduAiduAiduAiduAiduAiduAiduAiduAidu

UsnovaUsnovaUsnovaUsnovaUsnovaUsnovaUsnovaUsnovaUsnova

Nr 3Nr 3Nr 3Nr 3Nr 3Nr 3Nr 3Nr 3Nr 3

KohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaKohtlaTammikuTammikuTammikuTammikuTammikuTammikuTammikuTammikuTammiku

Sirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-ViivikonnaSirgala-Viivikonna

6


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Oil resource

0.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m2 0.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m20.4 t/m2

0.9 t/m20.9 t/m20.9 t/m20.9 t/m20.9 t/m20.9 t/m20.9 t/m20.9 t/m20.9 t/m2





0,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,2







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Energy rating of oil shale, GJ/m2

10x10km

4341

39 37

31

2725

35

3329

21

23

45

43

25

45

4727

33

37

39

41


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Oil shale mining

0

10

20

30

40

1920 1930 1940 1948 1958 1968 1978 1988 1998

An

nu

al o

utp

ut,

Mt

Underground Surface


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Indicator Unit Unmined % Mined out % Total or average

Area km2 2476 86% 409 14% 2884Oil shale tonnage Mt 10139 84% 1900 16% 12039

In-place tonnage t/m2 4,1 98% 4,6 111% 4,2

Specific weight t/m3 1,8 101% 1,7 96% 1,8

Quantity Mm3 5657 84% 1116 16% 6774Energy PJ 74524 81% 17283 19% 91808

Energy rating GJ/m2 30 95% 42 133% 32Oil resource Mt 1342 81% 311 19% 1652

Oil yield per m2 t/m2 0,54 95% 0,76 133% 0,57Oil yield t/t 0,13 96% 0,16 119% 0,14

Data of Estonian oil shale deposit


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Oil shale mining

• Started in 1916, opencast method• Room-and-pillar underground mining started

1922• 1971…2001 longwall mining with shearers • 10 surface mines • 13 underground mines have been in

operation. • New mining operations – increase in oil

shale processing or cement production


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Thickness


13 mi.ttu.ee

0

200

400

600

800

1 000

1 200

1 400

1 600

Kaevandatud

V, Mm3

Kaevandatud 0 0 0 26 101 24 17 0 0 2 10 40 66 524 290 56

V, Mm3 20 83 196 292 475 561 697 639 520 525 520 623 649 931 229 27

1,45 1,55 1,65 1,75 1,85 1,95 2,05 2,15 2,25 2,35 2,45 2,55 2,65 2,75 2,85 2,94

Oil shale resource


14 mi.ttu.ee

0

50 000

100 000

150 000

200 000

250 000

300 000

350 000

400 000

450 000

500 000

Res

surs

s, t

uh

t

t/m2

Põlevkiviõli ressurss

Kaevandatud 0 0 0 0 12 000 147 000 119 000

Kaevandamata 15 000 182 000 291 000 275 000 330 000 309 000 66 000

0,3 0,35 0,45 0,55 0,65 0,75 0,8

Oil resource


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Surface mining

Narva open cast


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Underground mining

Heiki Bauert

Estonia mine


17 mi.ttu.ee

Conditions of mineability

• Layers A…F as mineable bed

• Energy rating of bed 25…35 GJ/m2

• Surface mining, if overburden < 25..30 m

• Absence of environmental protection areas


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Composition of oil shale as fuel

K+A = -0.4K2+0.8K+0.6

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Kerogen (K) content

Ash

(A

) an

d C

O2

cont

ent

Kerogen (K)

Ash (A)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)k

E nno R einsalu 2007


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Energy and oil content

Calorific value and oil yield of oil shale are proportional to kerogen content

Calorific value of Kerogen’s is 35±3 MJ/kg therefore

Q = 35 K, MJ/kgwhere K is kerogen share (100% = 1)Oil yield formula is

T = 65,5 K = 1,86 Q %.


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Weight of oil shale

Weight of dry oil shale depends on the ratio of kerogen, lime and clay minerals. It correlates to calorific value and ranges from 1,22 to 1,72 t/m³

Weight of limestone, accompanying oil shale, is from 2,1 to 2,45 t/m³


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An example - sheet of mineability calculations

Block: Ojamaa 1Layers: A…Flower

Geological data Run-off-mine, dry Run-off-mine, natural

Extrac- Thickness Calorific value Fischer Org. Volum Mass Oil Org. Energy Moisture Calorific value Volum Mass Energy

Layer, seam tion natural extraxt. heigth MJ/kg oli matter weight product. product. product. product. content MJ/kg weight product. product.

rate m m m kcal/kg GJ/t % % t/m3 t/m2 t/m2 t/m2 GJ/m2% kcal/kg GJ/t t/m3 t/m2 GJ/m2

Topsoil 0 0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.000

Morain 0 2 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.000

Rock 0 25.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.000

Upper H 0 0.20 0.00 2000 8.4 15.0 22.5 1.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.2 1589 6.65 1.94 0.00 0.00

bed (not H/G 0 0.20 0.00 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00

mineable) G 0 0.15 0.00 4500 18.8 33.8 50.6 1.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.9 3716 15.56 1.49 0.00 0.00

G/F3 0 0.10 0.00 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00

F3 0 0.3 0.00 1100 4.6 8.3 12.4 1.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.2 876 3.67 2.13 0.00 0.00

Inter- F3/F1-2 0 0.13 0.00 600 2.5 4.5 6.7 2.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.8 600 2.51 2.24 0.00 0.00

bed F1-2 0 0.18 0.00 1100 4.6 8.3 12.4 1.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.2 876 3.67 2.13 0.00 0.00

Draw roof 0 0.17 0.00 600 2.5 4.5 6.7 2.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.8 600 2.51 2.24 0.00 0.00

Fupper 0 0.23 0.00 1197 5.0 9.0 13.4 1.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.6 954 4.00 2.11 0.00 0.00

Flower 1 0.38 0.38 2.6 2340 9.8 17.6 26.3 1.67 0.63 0.11 0.17 6.20 10.9 1857 7.78 1.87 0.71 5.52

F/E 1 0.00 0.00 2.2 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00

E 1 0.44 0.44 2.2 2896 12.1 21.7 32.5 1.56 0.69 0.15 0.22 8.32 11.6 2302 9.64 1.76 0.78 7.48

E/D 1 0.00 0.00 1.8 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00

Mine- D 1 0.00 0.00 1.8 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00

able D/C 1 0.20 0.20 1.8 596 2.5 4.5 6.7 2.14 0.43 0.02 0.03 1.07 4.8 596 2.49 2.24 0.45 1.12

bed C 1 0.57 0.57 1.6 2926 12.2 22.0 32.9 1.56 0.89 0.19 0.29 10.86 11.6 2327 9.74 1.76 1.00 9.76

C/B 1 0.11 0.11 1.0 778 3.3 5.8 8.7 2.08 0.23 0.01 0.02 0.74 5.7 778 3.26 2.20 0.24 0.79

B 1 0.54 0.54 0.9 4340 18.2 32.6 48.8 1.36 0.73 0.24 0.36 13.31 10.3 3562 14.91 1.51 0.82 12.18

B/A 1 0.14 0.14 0.4 365 1.5 2.7 4.1 2.22 0.31 0.01 0.01 0.47 3.5 365 1.53 2.30 0.32 0.49

A' 1 0.09 0.09 0.2 1927 8.1 14.5 21.7 1.76 0.16 0.02 0.03 1.27 10.0 1532 6.41 1.95 0.18 1.13

A'/A 1 0.02 0.02 0.2 602 2.5 4.5 6.8 2.13 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.11 4.8 602 2.52 2.24 0.04 0.11

A 1 0.13 0.13 0.1 3610 15.1 27.1 40.6 1.45 0.19 0.05 0.08 2.85 11.5 2900 12.14 1.64 0.21 2.58

Bottom 0 1.00 0.00 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.3 0 0.00 2.39 0.00 0.00

Sum/ average 5.28 2.62 2.62 2515 10.5 18.9 28.3 1.64 4.29 0.81 1.21 45.20 9.6 2070 8.66 1.81 4.75 41.17

italic - extrapolated geological data m m kcal/kg MJ/kg % % t/m3 t/m2 t/m2 t/m2 GJ/m2% kcal/kg MJ/kg t/m3 t/m2 GJ/m2


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Separation sheet (Estonia mine) OIL SHALE SEPARATING MODEL

ESTONIA MINEUnits: mm % MJ/kg

RUN-OFF-MINE 0…600 100 8.2

GRINDING0...300

SCREENING 0…100 100…30076 8.4 24 8.6

SCREENING 0…25 25…10028 10.2 48 6.6

SCREENING 25…100 0…2547 6.6 1 10.8 0...25

SEPARATING 25…100 25…100 100…300 100…30017 13.7 30 2.5 17 11.6 7 1.3

DEWATERING1 13.8 16 13.7 Limstone aggregate

AMOUNTCALORIFIC

VALUEENERGY

OUTPUT 0…6 0…40 % MJ/kg GJ

FINE OIL SHALE 46 10.8 5.0LUMP OIL SHALE 16 13.7 2.2

LIMESTONE 37 2.4 0.9SLURRY 1 11.0 0.1TOTAL 100 8.2 8.2

GRINDING Balance

Class AMOUNTCALORIFIC

VALUE


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Oil shale oil processing devises

Processing deviseAverage oil

yield %Years

Processed mill t oil shale

1921… 80.31953 … 14

Horizontal or Fusion retort 16 1923…1931 0.004Davidson`s retort 19 1931…1961 1.4

1955…1968 2.71929…1975 14.41928…1941 0.8

Chamber retort 5 1947…1987 55.91953…1981

2006…1980… 7.7

Amount 13 since 2002 179.3

Pintsch’s generator or vertical retort or Kiviter-process

Tunnel generator

2.2

16

21

13Solid heat carrier generaator (SEC) or Galoter-protsess


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Oil shale combusting devises

Thermal power plants boilersCapasity,

GWPulverized firing 2Circulating fluidized bed 0.4

Balti Power Plant Eesti Power Plant


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Efficiency of oil shale usage

60

70

80

90

100

0 5 10 15 20

Calorific value, MJ/kg

Eff

icie

ncy

of u

nits

, %

LOS Aproximation

Pulver combusting Aproximation

Circulating fluidized bed Aproximation

SEC-generatorsarea

kl ,

%.MJ/kgQ min,

MJ/kgCirculating fluidized bed 98.3 34.5 0.35Combusting in boiler TP17 92.2 81.2 0.88Solid energy carrier (SEC) 85…90 80…100 0.5…1Lump oli shale processing (LOS) in vertical retort

85.3 118 1.38

UtilizerCoeficients of formula efienciety

= k - l / Q,where:Q - Calorific value, MJ/kgk - the marginal efficiency in a given , achieved using highest quality raw material, %l - the equation parameter, MJ/kg, as related to the minimum raw material qualityl = k Qmin .


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Oil shale based building materials

Oil shale ash is a valuable mineral-rich raw material - used in the construction industry and farming


27 mi.ttu.ee

THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTIONYOUR ATTENTION!!

Enno Reinsalu [email protected] Ingo Valgma [email protected] Erik Väli [email protected]

Mi.ttu.ee USAGE OF ESTONIAN OIL SHALE Enno Reinsalu Ingo Valgma Tallinn University of Technology, Department of Mining Erik Väli Estonian Oil Shale Mining.

Documents

oil yield of oil shale

oil shale mining slide

oil shale processing

composition of oil shale

types of oil shale

efficiency of oil shale

oil shale resource slide

oil resource slide