MIS Management Information System UNIT – 1 Introduction [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] Introduction Management Information Systems [1] Historical Perspective [2] Functions of Management Information Systems [3] Information Concepts [4] Establishing Framework [5] Business Model [6] Conceptual Model [7] Architecture [8] Unit Test [9] 1
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MIS Management Information System
UNIT – 1
Introduction [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Introduction Management Information Systems [1]
Historical Perspective [2]
Functions of Management Information Systems [3]
Information Concepts [4]
Establishing Framework [5]
Business Model [6]
Conceptual Model [7]
Architecture [8]
Unit Test [9]
1
MIS Management Information System
2
Introduction to Management Information Systems [1]
What is Information System? •Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment
•Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and control
•Information Systems (IS) refers to the interaction between processes and technology
•Information Systems is Organized collections of hardware, software, supplies, policies, procedures and people, which store, process and provide access to information.
3
Introduction to Management Information Systems [1]
What is Management Information System? (MIS) are designed to provide past, present, and future routine information appropriate for planning, organizing, and controlling the operations of a functional area in an organization
A manual or computerized system that collects, processes, and reports data needed to manage a planning delivery system.
An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management
Examples • Data warehouses • Enterprise resource planning • Enterprise systems • Expert systems • Global information system • Office Automation • Geographic information system
4
5
1960 Electronic data processing (EDP), transaction processing systems (TPS)
1960s, another role was added to the use of computers: the processing of data into
useful informative reports
1970s, Decision support systems (DSS) was born
1980 Executive information systems EIS
Expert systems
Knowledge management systems
1990s Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.
1990s MIS to e-commerce
5
Historical Perspective [2]
6
Historical Perspective [2]
1960 Electronic data processing (EDP), transaction processing systems (TPS)
1960s, another role was added to the use of computers: the processing of data into
useful informative reports
1970s, Decision support systems (DSS) was born
1980 Executive information systems EIS
Expert systems
Knowledge management systems
1990s Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.
1990s MIS to e-commerce
6
7
Functions of Management Information Systems [3]
8
Functions of Management Information Systems [3] Examples
What is Information ?
DATA
Information is refined data.
INFORMATION
9
Information Concepts [4]
What is Technology?
If it's green, it's biology,
if it stinks, its chemistry,
if it has numbers its math,
if it doesn't work, it’s technology
10
11
Data, Information and Systems
• Generating Information
– Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce
information as output.
Information Concepts [4]
12
Data, Information and Systems
• Generating Information
– Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and produce
information as output.
Information Concepts [4]
Main Objectives of the MIS
Deliver the right information
to the right people,
at the right time,
with the right form.
Ultimately, MIS should improve
the workers’ productivity.
who has what
information about
whom and when,
where, and how will all
be decided in the
process of building an
information system.
13
Information Concepts [4]
14
Objectives of the MIS
MIS - capabilities
The term 'information system' is a general term for
a system that facilitates access to information
Reach an understanding of the relevant processes
on the basis of the available historic information. This element forms the basis
for the development of models, required for forecasting and simulation.
Provide information on the current situation, especially for early warning
purposes, for instance related to issues impacting on food security, water
resources or pest and disease status.
Forecast changes and impacts, either natural or man-made , as an element in
vulnerability assessments.
Forecast the consequences of policy decisions and measures before they
are implemented in reality. This implies evaluating options for several given
scenarios based on the possible results and predicted consequences, and
selecting the most acceptable alternative.
15 Characteristics of useful information
Information, and Systems
Attributes of Information Quality
Information Concepts [4]
Attributes of Information Quality
17
INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS/IS)
ORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Dr. Chen, The Challenge of the Information Systems Technology TM -18 18
What is Information Systems?
• Information Systems (IS) are more than computer hardware and
software.
• It is not just developing business applications programs
• Information Systems include:
– Information Technology
– Management
– Organization
• Ultimately, IS are used as strategic tool to improve an organization’s
competitive advantage.
19
Establishing the Framework [5]
Classification of IS
Information Systems
Operations
Support System Operations
Support System
Management
Support System
Transaction
processing
systems
Process
control
systems
Office
automation
systems
Management
information
systems
Decision
support
systems
Executive
information
systems
Establishing the Framework [5]
21
1. Operations support systems process data generated by business
operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information and support
needed for effective decision making by managers
Major categories are
i) Management Information System
ii) Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System
22
Establishing the Framework [5]
1. Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
• Process business exchanges
• Maintain records about the exchanges
• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
• Perform simple calculations
ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial processes.
iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and enhance
office communications and productivity.
23
Establishing the Framework [5]
2. Management support
systems provide
information and support
needed for effective decision
making by managers
Major categories are:
i) Management information
systems
Routine information for
routine decisions
Operational efficiency
Use transaction data as
main input
Databases integrate MIS in
different functional areas
24
Establishing the Framework [5]
ii) Decision Support System
• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems
• End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS
iii) Executive information systems
provide critical information tailored to the information needs of
executives
25
Establishing the Framework [5]
Other categories
a) Expert systems
b) End user computing systems
c) Business information systems
d) Strategic information systems
a) Expert Systems are knowledge-based systems that provides expert
advice and act as expert consultants to the users
b) End user computing systems support the direct, hands on use of
computers by end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems support the operational and managerial
applications of the basic business functions of a firm
d) Strategic information systems provide a firm which strategic products,
services, and capabilities for competitive advantage
26
Establishing the Framework [5]
27
Data, Information, and Systems
Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy
28
Data, Information, and Systems
Components of an information system
29
Why Study IS?
• Information Systems Careers – Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database administrator,
telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.
• Knowledge Workers – Managers and non-managers
– Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use information technology.
• Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy
– Key to full participation in western society
30
Ethical and Societal Issues The Not-So-Bright Side
• Consumer Privacy
– Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts of data
on individuals.
• Employee Privacy
– IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating privacy
and creating stress.
Business Model [6]
A business model describes the rationale of how an organisation creates, delivers, and captures value - economic, social, or other forms of value. The term business model is thus used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core aspects of a business, including purpose, offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organisational structures, trading practices, and operational processes and policies.
31
Business Model Components [6]
32
33
Information, and Systems
• The Four Stages of Data Processing
– Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.
– Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using
mathematical, statistical, and other tools.
– Output: Information is displayed or presented.
– Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.
Conceptual Model [7]
FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM
(General Systems Model)
INPUT OUTPUT PROCESS
FEEDBACK
INFORMATION SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENT Customers Suppliers
Regulatory Stockholders Competitors
Agencies
ORGANIZATION
34
Architecture [8]
35
Architecture [8]
Information System Architecture
An information system architecture is a formal definition of the business
processes and rules, systems structure, technical framework, and product
technologies for a business or organizational information system.
An information system architecture usually consists of four layers: business
process architecture, systems architecture, technical architecture, and
product delivery architecture.
The architecture of an information system encompasses the hardware and
software used to deliver the solution to the final consumer of services. The
architecture is a description of the design and contents of a computerized
system. If documented, the architecture may include information such as a
detailed inventory of current hardware, software and networking capabilities; a
description of long-range plans and priorities for future purchases, and a plan
for upgrading and/or replacing dated equipment and software. The
architecture should document: What data is stored?, How does the system
function?, Where are components located?, When do activities and events
occur in the system?, and Why does the system exist? 36
Architecture [8]
Information System Architecture
An information system architecture is
a formal definition of the business
processes and rules, systems
structure, technical framework, and
product technologies for a business or
organizational information system.
An information system architecture
usually consists of four layers:
1. Business process architecture,
2. Systems architecture,
3. Technical architecture,
4. Product delivery architecture.
Product delivery
architecture
Business process
architecture
Systems architecture
Technical architecture
37
Architecture [8]
1. Business process architecture
A business architecture is an
organizing framework of a business,
and the documents and diagrams
that describe that structure or the
people who help build such a
structure, respectively.
Business architecture is closely related
to practice of enterprise
architecture and the business
reference model.
38
Architecture [8]
1. Business process architecture
A business architecture is an
organizing framework of a business,
and the documents and diagrams
that describe that structure or the
people who help build such a
structure, respectively.
Business architecture is closely related
to practice of enterprise
architecture and the business
reference model.
39
Architecture [8]
2. Systems architecture
An architecture description is a formal
description of a system, organized
in a way that supports reasoning
about the structural properties of
the system.
It defines the system components or
building blocks and provides a plan
from which products can be
procured, and systems developed,
that will work together to
implement the overall system. This
may enable one to manage
investment in a way that meets
business needs.
40
Architecture [8]
2. Systems architecture
An architecture description is a formal
description of a system, organized
in a way that supports reasoning
about the structural properties of
the system.
It defines the system components or
building blocks and provides a plan
from which products can be
procured, and systems developed,
that will work together to
implement the overall system. This
may enable one to manage
investment in a way that meets
business needs.
41
Architecture [8]
3. Technical architecture
Technical architecture, also
known as Tarchitecture, is
one of several architecture
domains that form the
pillars of an enterprise
architecture or solution
architecture.
It describes the structure and
behaviour of the
technology infrastructure
of an enterprise, solution
or system.
42
Architecture [8]
3. Technical architecture
Technical architecture, also
known as Tarchitecture, is
one of several architecture
domains that form the
pillars of an enterprise
architecture or solution
architecture.
It describes the structure and
behaviour of the
technology infrastructure
of an enterprise, solution
or system.
43
Architecture [8]
4. Product delivery architecture
In computing, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has different non-standard
and openly-debated definitions.
It is an attempt to provide set of principles or governing concepts used during
phases of systems development and integration.
44
Architecture [8]
4. Product delivery architecture
In computing, service-oriented architecture (SOA) has different non-standard
and openly-debated definitions.
It is an attempt to provide set of principles or governing concepts used during
phases of systems development and integration.
45
MIS Management Information System
UNIT – 1
Introduction [ 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Introduction Management Information Systems [1]
Historical Perspective [2]
Functions of Management Information Systems [3]
Information Concepts [4]
Establishing Framework [5]
Business Model [6]
Conceptual Model [7]
Architecture [8]
Unit Test [9]
46
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