2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales “Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable” Bergbauabfälle: (Alt-)Last oder Chance? Mining residues: legacy or chance? Dr.-Ing. Sven-Uwe Schulz Deutsche Rohstoffagentur (DERA) in der Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR)
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2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Bergbauabfälle: (Alt-)Last oder Chance?
Mining residues: legacy or chance?
Dr.-Ing. Sven-Uwe Schulz
Deutsche Rohstoffagentur (DERA) in der
Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR)
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural
Resources (BGR):
central geoscientific authority providing
advice to the German Federal Government in
all geo-relevant questions
subordinate to the Federal Ministry for
Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Raw Materials Information
and Analyses
Contribution for Securing Raw Materials
Supply
1.
Raw Materials Information System
2.
Risk Assessment
3.
Raw Materials Potentials
4.
Diversifying Supply
Development of Strategies for Security of Supply, Network Building, Raw Material Dialogues, Industry Workshops, Conferences
Organization of the German Raw Materials Efficiency Award
Se
rvic
es
Improving market transparency in the mineral resources sector by
providing minerals information and analysis and advise companies
about price and supply risks
Sustainable and Secure Supply of Mineral Resources for Germany
Ta
rge
ts Professional backing of measures taken by
the German government and companies
to secure raw materials supply
Mineral Economics Evaluation of Mineral Resources
German Mineral Resources Agency (DERA): Mission
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
The German Government‘s raw materials strategy
improvement of access to raw materials for the
German industry
helping German industry to diversify its sources of
raw materials
establishing bilateral raw material partnerships with
selected countries
developing technologies and instruments to improve
the conditions for recycling and substitution
helping industry to develop synergies through
sustainable economic activity and enhanced
materials efficiency
creating transparency and good governance in raw
materials extraction
integrating national measures with European policy
on raw materials
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Common residue types during material use (direct)
source: after Rankin, W. J. (2011)
leach residues,
el.-refining residues,
slag, fume, furnace
refractories
(from furnaces)
solids
liquids
gases
Acid Rock Drainage
(from tailings)
tailings
CO2
(from fuel combustion)
Acid Mine Drainage
(from mines & heaps)
waste rock,
dust
acid/alkaline solutions
from leach residues,
cyanide containing
solutions (Au)
CO2, SO2, NOx, etc.
(from smelting)
In-plant scrap,
dross,
mill scale
pickling liquids, electro-
plating liquids
CO2
(from furnaces)
el. arc furnace dusts,
dross from Al-recycling
Waste process solutions
containing metals
CO2, NOx etc.
(from furnaces)
numerous types of waste during
recycling of scrap metals, electronic
scrap, consumer goods etc.
MiningProcessing
(Benefciation)
Chemical
Transformation
Fabrication &
manufactureRecycling
(Beneficiation)
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Common residue types during material use (indirect)
source: after Rankin, W. J. (2011)
leach residues,
el.-refining residues,
slag, fume, furnace
refractories
(from furnaces)
solids
liquids
gases
Acid Rock Drainage
(from tailings)
tailings
CO2
(from fuel combustion)
Acid Mine Drainage
(from mines & heaps)
waste rock,
dust
acid/alkaline solutions
from leach residues,
cyanide containing
solutions (Au)
CO2, SO2, NOx, etc.
(from smelting)
In-plant scrap,
dross,
mill scale
pickling liquids, electro-
plating liquids
CO2
(from furnaces)
el. arc furnace dusts,
dross from Al-recycling
Waste process solutions
containing metals
CO2, NOx etc.
(from furnaces)
numerous types of waste during
recycling of scrap metals, electronic
scrap, consumer goods etc.
MiningProcessing
(Benefciation)
Chemical
Transformation
Fabrication &
manufactureRecycling
chemical wastes from explosives manufacture or
from reagent manufacture
fly ash from electrical power generation
CO2 from several process steps:
mainly electrical power generation, explosives manufacture
(Beneficiation)
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Accumulation of (solid) waste materials through the mining process
Darstellung NICHT maßstäblich / image NOT in scale
Metall
Metal
Schlacke(n)
Slag(s)Konzentrat(e)
Concentrate(s)
Bergbau
Mining
Aufbereitung
(Ore) Processing
Grubenwasser
Mine water
Abraum
Overburden
Abgänge
Tailings
Abwasser
Waste water
Berge
Waste rock (gangue)
Hütte
Smelter
Lagerstätte
Deposit
Roh(erz)förderung
Run-off-mine (ROM) ore
Vorräte
Inventory
Abraum-/Berge-Halden
Waste rock dumps
Aufbereitungshalden / Schlammteiche
Tailings dams & ponds
Schlackehalden
Slag dumps
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Composition of typical solid wastes during copper production (wt%)
sourc
e: aft
er
Rankin
, W
. J. (2
011)
0,1
% -
0,4
%
3%
-7
%
1%
-4
0%
11
%
1%
-2
%
3%
-5
%
28
% -
35
%
0,0
3%
-2
%
0,1
% -
74
%0
,3%
-1
1%
1%
-1
,5%
0,5
% -
4,5
%
0,3
% -
8,5
%
0,3
% -
0,7
%
37
% -
44
%
28
% -
33
%
0,5
% -
27
%
4%
-2
9%
7%
-1
2%
1%
-1
3%
0,3
% -
45
%
0,6
% -
1,6
%
1,5
% -
12
%
0,0
2%
-0
,4%
0,0
4%
-2
%
0,2
% -
0,8
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cu
Fe S
Al2
O3
Mg
O
Ca
O
SiO
2
As
Pb
Mo
Zn
Sb Bi
Cd
Cu
Fe S
Al2
O3
Mg
O
Ca
O
SiO
2
As
Pb
Mo
Zn
Sb Bi
Cd
Cu
Fe S
Al2
O3
Mg
O
Ca
O
SiO
2
As
Pb
Mo
Zn
Sb Bi
Cd
Cu
Fe S
Al2
O3
Mg
O
Ca
O
SiO
2
As
Pb
Mo
Zn
Sb Bi
Cd
waste rock Flotation Tailings Final slag (discarded) smelter dust and fumes
waste rock flotation tailings final slag
(discarded)smelter dust & fumes
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”
Quantities (indicative) of solid wastes during production of 1 ton Au, Cu, Al
source: after Rankin, W. J. (2011)
Gold Copper
(heap leaching)Aluminium
ore grade 2 ppm Au 1 wt% Cu 35 wt% Al
waste rock : ore ratio 0,5 3 1
recovery
mining 90% 90% 90%
processing 100% 95% 90%
leaching 85% 85% 90%
electro-winning 100% 99% 100%
Total (overall recovery) 77% 72% 73%
rock waste and ore left unmined 390.000 429 4,31
tailings (dry basis) - 25,9 0,75
leaching residues 590.000 97,5 0,89
electro-winning residues - 0,1 -
total (tons waste per tonne product) 980.000 553 5,95
2do Foro Peruano-Alemán de Minería y Recursos Minerales“Extracción de Materias Primas y Desarrollo Sustentable”