Microwave, Sub-mm, and THz Technology for payloads and space (sub)systems Radiometer Physics GmbH (RPG), Germany Harald Czekala RPG Thomas Rose RPG AchimWalber RPG Hugh Gibson RPG Bertrand Thomas RPG Michael Brandt RPG Oleg Cojocari ACST Byron Alderman STFC RAL
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Microwave, Sub-mm, and THz Technology for payloads and space (sub)systems Radiometer Physics GmbH (RPG), Germany Harald Czekala RPG Thomas RoseRPG AchimWalber.
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Microwave, Sub-mm, and THz Technologyfor payloads and space (sub)systems
Space qualified local oscillators (Herschel / ESA):8 local oscillator chains from 480 GHz to 1100 GHz
Other space projects: EOS (NASA), ODIN (SSA), FIRST/HIFI, MARFEQ, SAPHIR (CNES), MLS (NASA), FY-3 (China), …
FIRST/HIFI MADRAS
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 11
Outline
■ Direct detection (MMIC) for frequencies up to 120 GHz
■ Auto-calibration receivers up to 200 GHz (noise-injection / Dicke sw.)
■ Improvements in mixer and multiplier designs
through close cooperation with Schottky diode suppliers
■ Schottky technology from ACST (Germany)
■ Schottky technology from RAL (UK)
■ Subharmonic mixers at 424 GHz and 664 GHz
■ InGaAS mixers with reduction of LO power by 10 dB
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 12
Direct Detection
■ Direct detection systems up to 110 GHz (since 8 years now…)
■ LNA mostly based on MMIC supply from IAF Freiburg, Germany
■ At 118 / 150 / 183 GHz and above, sub-harmonic mixers still have better performance (at least with high-quality sub-harmonic mixers)
■ Waveguide filters with high stability and narrow bandwidth (0.25 %)
Splitter and Filter Section
Boosters and Detectors
Video Amps,MUX, 16 Bit ADC
55 dB Pre-Amplifier
Noise InjectionCoupler
51- 59 GHz 7 ChannelFilterbank Receiver
Corrugated Feedhorn
Tsys (with horn, noise-inject., isolator)
20 – 30 GHz 280 K (NF: 2.9)
50 – 60 GHz 550 K (NF: 4.6)
90 GHz 700 K (NF: 5.3)
170 mm
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 13
Direct Detection Receivers
90 GHz dual-pol (FM)
Low loss Ortho-Mode TransducerTsys < 600 K (NF: 4.9)
Compared to heterodyne systems:□ Improved noise figure□ Decreased long term stability (larger 1/f noise with InP MMICs)□ Much better RFI protection□ Compact (integrated) design□ No planar filters, all waveguide
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 14
Direct Detection: MMIC mounting
• Mounting of all amplifier types
• Experience in micromachining
• Bonding and soldering to space standards
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 15
Usignal
Uambient+noise
Uambient
Usignal
Repetition: 5 HzDuty cycle: 45 % (due to 10 ms switch time)
Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM, Laplace), NASA / ESA
Orbiter: Jupiter Ganymede (JGO)
Instrument: Submillimetre-Wave (SWI)
Technical Study – SWI for EJSM
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 30
other instr.electr. + synth.
CTS spectro.
platform
common shielded vault
primary
SWI-telescope
Incoming microwave radiation
receivers and optics compartment
secondary
Technical Study – SWI for EJSM: Principal Setup
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 31
primary
along-track scanning
optics compartment
rotation axis cross-track scanning
secondary
pusher
Technical Study – SWI for EJSM Mechanical Design
600 GHz receiver chain
1200 GHz receiver chain
IF-LNAs
beam splitter
hot load
calibration flip mirror
receiver feeds
telescope beam
• low-loss Gaussian Telescope beam path
• small overall size (170 x 290 mm2)
• thermally stabilized mixer, PA, hot load
• classical enclosed housing
• good radiation shielding
Optics Compartment:
primary mirror (Mg) 750 g
actuators (all) 680 g
receivers (both) 280 g
telescope structure 1370 g
optics plate 1130 g
total: 7010 g
Surface
spectrometers (CTS) 1500 g
electronics 1000 g
synthesizers 300 g
Vault
sum: 4210 g
sum: 2800 g
common shielded vault
Electr. + SynthCTS
Spectro.
other instr.
Technical Study – SWI for EJSM: Mass Budget
RPG Microwave Technology SAC, 2011-04-08 34
• Direct detection with superior performance (over heterodyne) up to 120 GHz (until better MMIC LNA technology becomes available)
• Auto-calibration receivers up to 200 GHz• Cooperation with Schottky diode manufacturers for improved devices• Development of improved mixers and multipliers up to 900 GHz, leading to:
– VNA extenders covering all bands to 500 GHz (and soon even further)– Transmit/Receive systems up to 900 GHz– Excellent sub-harmonic mixers– Outstanding performance at 183 GHz, 424 GHz, 664 GHz
Further steps:■ Substrate Transfer ■ High-Power varactors (driver stages for THz)■ Film Diode Technology ■ Continuing reduction of capacities and size