Microprocessors… -electronic conquestadors
Oct 31, 2014
Microprocessors…
-electronic conquestadors
The beginning…
1955 - William Shockley - shockley semiconductor
1957 – Gordon Moore & Robert Noyce - Fairchild Semiconductor *Intelcorporation started
microchips *Developed 4004 for vizicom
calculators1971 – Invention of Microprocessor
• During 1970’s chips were upgraded from 4004 to 8008
1975 - Microcomputer chips such as Scelbi – 8H and Micral were used
1980- Usage of small microprocessors reduced
• On the other hand desktops and computers helped for upgradation of microprocessors
1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s
Generation First introducedProminent consumer CPU
brandsLinear/physical address space
1
1978 Intel 8086, Intel 8088 and clones
16-bit / 20-bit (segmented)
1982Intel 80186, Intel 80188 and
clones, NEC V20/V30
3 (IA-32) 1985Intel 80386 and clones,
AMD Am386
32-bit (46-bit virtual) / 32-bit
4 (FPU) 1989Intel486 and clones, AMD Am486
/Am5x86
4/5 1997
IDT/Centaur-C6, Cyrix III-
Samuel, VIA C3-Samuel2 / VIA
C3-Ezra (2001), VIA C7 (2005)
5 1993Pentium, Pentium MMX,
Cyrix 5x86, Rise mP6
5/6 1996 AMD K5, Nx586 (1994)
The Upgradation…
6
1995Pentium Pro, Cyrix 6x86, Cyrix MII, Cyrix III-Joshua (2000)
As above / 36-bit physical (PAE)
1997 AMD K6/-2/3, Pentium II/III
2003Pentium M, Intel Core (2006)
71999 Athlon, Athlon XP
2000 Pentium 4
7/8
2000 Transmeta Crusoe, Efficeon
2004 Pentium 4 Prescott
2006 Intel Core 2
2008 VIA Nano
8 (x86-64) 2003 Athlon 64, Opteron
64-bit / 40-bit physical in first AMD implementation
8/9
2007 AMD Phenom
2008
Intel Core i3/i5/i7, AMD Phenom II
Intel Atom
As above / 48-bit physical for AMD Phenom
INTRODUCTION TO BASIC TERMS INPUT DEVICE AND INPUT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT(IIC) OUTPUT DEVICE AND OUTPUT INTEGRATED CIECUIT
(OIC) BITS LOW LEVEL LANGUANGE (LLL) HIGH LEVEL LANGUANGE (HLL) DECODING MEMORY ARITHEMATIC LOGIC UNIT (ALU) CONTROL UNIT (CU) REGISTER ARRAYS
MICROPROCESSOR CHARACTERSTICS
PROGRAMMABLE DEVICE – Designed by engineers and programmers to perform a particular task.
MULTIPURPOSE AND MULTITAKING CHIP – Multiple tasks can be performed simultaneously.
RESISTER-BASED ELECTRONIC DEVICE – Ability of storing temporary values of variables when program is getting executed.
Having all these characteristics, it is a device that accepts binary data as input from a user or a client, processes it according to the instructions given, and provides the final result as output.
CPU, MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER TILL 1960 AFTER 1960
(CPU) (MICROPROCESSOR)
CU
CU
IIC AND OIC
ALU
ALU
ALU
CONTROL UNIT
REGISTER ARRAYS
REGISTER ARRAYS
MICROCONTROLLER
MICROPROCESSOR WORKING FLOW CHART
FETCHING IN MEMORY
SYSTEM BUSREGISTER ARRAYSALU
EXECUTION
CU
DECODING
INPUT SIGNAL
PROCESSED DATA
Applications of Microprocessors…• Instrumentation• Control• Communication• Office automation and
publication• Consumer
Instrumentation* Used in medical instrumentation* Used as controllers Ex: Frequency
controllers,Spectrum analyses
Control* Used to control home applainces* Used to control various
parameters
Communication* Used in telephone industry Ex : Digital telephone sets,modem* Usage of microprocessors in
Teleconference Ex ; LAN , Railway reservations
Office automation & publication* Used in software packages* Used for spreadsheet
operations,wordprocessing
Consumer* Used in entertainment
equipment* They are applicable to a
widerange of information processing tasks
* Facilitates to make use of vast information
* Most of the electronic devices contain built in microprocessors
Future scope
*Microprocessors are more like market pull rather than a technology push phenomenon.
Visible Form - Computers etc…Invisible Form - Controlling and
maintaining.• Development in the usage for
Architectural and technical purpoes
• Speeding up of execution – Chips with better mechanism will be made
• Single Functioning micro processor chips will be made
• Upgraded models might be seen ex: 17 MODEL• Only technology to integrate and
evolve itself…
Concluding Remarks…A great 30 year history and a challenge for next 30!
* Not a wall in performance growth but a slowing down
* Diminishing returns on silicon investment
Not just raw performance but…* Performance per transistor* Performance per watt
References:
• http://www.ehow.com/about_6173647_uses-micropr
• www.altafkhan.com/cs101ppt/microprocessors.ppt ocessors.html
• www.authorstream.com/.../aSGuest40651-349644-microprocessor-ed...
Thank YouQueries..?
-Electronic Conquestadors