Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. Symposium on Telemetry Systems for Water Management 1 Microelectronic Solutions for Water Metering and Monitoring Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora, Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing. Dipl.-Inform. (FH) Manuel Schappacher Lab Embedded Systems and Kommunikationselektronik HS Offenburg
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Microelectronic Solutions for Water Metering and Monitoring · Microelectronic Solutions for Water Metering and Monitoring Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora, Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
1
Microelectronic Solutions for
Water Metering and Monitoring
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora, Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Dipl.-Inform. (FH) Manuel Schappacher
Lab Embedded Systems and Kommunikationselektronik
HS Offenburg
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
2
Table of Contents
1. introduction & requirements
2. MAC layer approaches
3. network layer approaches
4. application layer approaches
5. water monitoring example
6. status & outlook
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
3
ch.1.1: introduction – motiviation
• Cyber Physical
Systems (CPS)
• Internet of Things
(IoT)
• Ambient Intelligence
• in practically all
applications
– interesting: vertical
and horizontal (!)
integration
– TeleX Applications
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
4
ch.1.1: introduction – motiviation
• need of embedded low cost and
low energy communication
• does wireless mean
– „less wires“?
– or „no wires“?
• energy provision is of key
importance for many use cases
• requirement: freedom of maintenance
at least 5 – 10 years
– battery lifetime
– energy harvesting systems
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
5
ch.1.2: introduction – layer split
• protocol development for energy autarkic systems affects all layers
• L1 (physical layer):
– energy efficient transceivers
– energy efficient modulation schemes
– wakeup technologies
– silicon technologies
• including circuit design (e.g., PLL, wakeup circuits, …)
• L2 (data link layer):
– frame formats
• synchronisation
• sleep modes
– topologies
– network registration & administration
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
6
ch.1.2: introduction – layer split
– L3 (network layer):
• energy aware / energy efficient routing
– L4 (transport layer) :
• energy efficient retransmissions / reliability
– L7 (application layer):
• data formats
– CoAP or alike
• network administration
• operation schemes
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
7
ch.2.1: MAC – energy consumption
• energy consumption is of key importance
• power consumption
– practically modern RF transceiver allow „low“ power consumption
– for SRWN mostly identical in TX and RX (!!!) mode
• minimum around 10 mA @ 1,5 … 1.8V
• typical 15 … 20mA @ 1,5 … 1.8V
– TI CC1125: 46 mA @ 3 V @ output power of 16 dBm.
» nearly 29 % efficiency from electrical input power to radiated power at antenna
– Si446x transceivers draw 30 nA in shutdown mode and 50 nA in standby
– TI CC1120 transceivers draw 0.5 µA in timer mode
• reduction of energy consumption with extensive sleeping
– student approach
actstdbyactopmean rIrII 1
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
8
ch.2.2: MAC – energy consumption – sensor / sender sleeping
• sleeping modes are very practical for many sensor applications – wakeup device by own interrupt
• i/o interrupt
• timer interrupt
– application examples:
• regular sensing, e.g. temperature sensor
– event driven sensing, e.g. light switch
– requires receiver, which is „always on“
• necessity to be mains powered
• receiver can be end or forwarding node
– coordinator, router, „mailbox“
– examples
• EnOcean Radio Protocol
• ZigBee PRO Green Power
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Axel Sikora
Dipl.-Ing. Dipl. Wirt.-Ing.
Symposium on Telemetry Systems
for Water Management
9
ch.2.3: MAC – energy consumption – actuator / receiver sleeping –
synchronisation
• problematic use cases: – polled sensors
– actuators
• fire detector & alarm
• access systems
• medical implants
• routing nodes
• in case of sleeping period T – worst case latency T
– average latency T/2
• both sides of the network can sleep – synchronisation