i MICROCONTROLLER BASED ULTRASONIC STICK FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED AN INTERNSHIP REPORT Submitted by CALEB RUBIN S P (2016105022) PRASANTH V (2016105059) THEYANESHWARAN J (2016105075) DIVAKAR M (2016105525) in summer internship project of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GUINDY ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025 MAY 2018
40
Embed
MICROCONTROLLER BASED ULTRASONIC STICK FOR VISUALLY …
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
i
MICROCONTROLLER BASED ULTRASONIC
STICK FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED
AN INTERNSHIP REPORT
Submitted by
CALEB RUBIN S P (2016105022)
PRASANTH V (2016105059)
THEYANESHWARAN J (2016105075)
DIVAKAR M (2016105525)
in summer internship project
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GUINDY
ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025
MAY 2018
ii
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GUINDY
ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025
MAY 2018
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
Certified that this internship report “MICROCONTROLLER BASED
ULTRASONIC STICK FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED” is the work of
CALEB RUBIN S P (2016105022), PRASANTH V (2016105059),
THEYANESHWARAN J (2016105075) and DIVAKAR M (2016105525) who
carried out the internship project work under my supervision from 8th May, 2018
to 31st May, 2018.
DR. S. MUTTAN
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Professor
ECE Department
College of Engineering Guindy
Anna University, Chennai – 25.
DR. D. SRIDHARAN
CO-ORDINATOR
Professor
ECE Department
College of Engineering Guindy
Anna University Chennai - 25
DR. N.RAMADOSS
SUPERVISOR
Associate Professor
ECE Department
College of Engineering Guindy
Anna University Chennai - 25
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from
many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this all along the
completion of this project. All that we have done is only due to such supervision
and assistance and we would not forget to thank them.
We respect and thank our Dean Dr. T.V.Geetha for providing us with this Summer
Internship opportunity as it was a great learning experience for all of us.
We respect and thank the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering and Dr.Muttan the HOD, Department of ECE, for providing us the
infrastructure for the completion of our internship project.
We thank Dr.D.Sridharan for co-ordinating us throughout the internship program
and for guiding us to optimize our project more efficiently.
We owe our deep gratitude to our project guide and coordinator Dr.N.Ramadass,
who took keen interest on our project work and guided us all along, till the
completion of our project work by providing all the necessary information for
developing a good system and without the Grace of God we would not have
completed this project successfully.
Caleb Rubin S P
Prasanth V
Theyaneshwaran J
Divakar M.
1
ABSTRACT
Visually impaired persons find themselves challenging to go out
independently. There are millions of visually impaired or blind people in this world
who are always in need of helping hands. In this technology controlled world,
where people strive to live independently, this project proposes an ultrasonic stick
for visually impaired people to help them gain personal independence. Since this is
economical and not bulky, one can make use of it easily. This project helps
visually challenged people to navigate with ease using advance technology. The
blind stick is integrated with ultrasonic sensors, Location Tracker using
NodeMCU, application software that would give the blind people’s location, RF
Transmitter, RF Receiver along with light and water sensing which are controlled
by microcontroller. The implementation is done and the entire setup functions
using the microcontroller.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
LIST OF FIGURES 5
1. OVERVIEW
1.1 Introduction 6
1.2 Objective of This Project 6
1.3 Literature Survey 7
2. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Configuration 9
2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Features 10
2.4 HC-SR04 Working Principle 10
2.5 HC-SR04 Procedure 11
2.6 Distance Calculation 11
3. MOISTURE SENSOR
3.1 Introduction 12
3.2 Moisture Sensor Pin Configuration 13
3.3 Moisture Sensor Pin Features 13
3.4 Hardware and Software Required 13
3
3.5 Moisture Sensor Working 14
3.6 Moisture Sensor Circuit Connection 15
4. STICK FINDER USING RF COMMUNICATION
4.1 Introduction 16
4.1.1 RF Module 17
4.1.2 RF Module Specifications 17
4.2 RF Transmitter 18
4.2.1 RF Transmitter Pin Description 18
4.2.2 RF Transmitter Features 18
4.3 RF Receiver 19
4.3.1 RF Receiver Pin Description 19
4.3.2 RF Receiver Features 19
4.4 Circuit Configuration 20
5. ANDROID STUDIO
5.1 Introduction 21
5.2 Creating App using Android Studio. 21
6 ARDUINO
6.1 Introduction 25
6.2 Arduino Nano 26
6.3 Arduino Nano Specifications 26
6.4 Arduino Nano Interfacing 27
7 NODEMCU
7.1 Introduction 28
7.2 NodeMCU Specifications 29
4
8 WEB HOSTING
8.1 Introduction 30
8.2 Website Viewing 30
8.3 000 Webhost 31
8.4 Steps required to create a Domain 31
8.5 Accessing Database through Public Url 32
8.6 Accessing Location through Android Studio 33
9 LOCATION TRACKING USING NODEMCU
9.1 Introduction 34
9.2 Working of Google Geolocation 34
9.3 Getting API key 35
10 RESULT & CONCLUSION
10.1 Result 36
10.2 Conclusion 37
REFERENCES 37
5
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Ultrasonic Working Principle
Figure 2.2 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
Figure 2.3 HC-SR04 Timing Diagram
Figure 3.1 Moisture Sensor
Figure 3.2 Moisture Sensor Connection with Arduino
Figure 4.1 RF Communication Block Diagram
Figure 4.2 RF Transmitter Pin Configuration
Figure 4.3 RF Receiver Pin Configuration
Figure 4.4 RF Transmitter Configuration
Figure 4.5 RF Receiver Configuration
Figure 5.1 “CLICKME” Button to activity main
Figure 5.2 App Created using Android Studio
Figure 6.1 Arduino Nano Pin out
Figure 6.2 Arduino Code for getting location
Figure 7.1 NodeMCU
Figure 7.2 NodeMCU Pin Configuration
Figure 8.1 Public URL Displaying Location
Figure 8.2 CLICKME Button pressed
Figure 9.1 Displaying API key
Figure 10.1 Final Completed Setup
6
CHAPTER 1
OVERVIEW
1.1 INTRODUCTION
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, around
30 billion people are blind on the earth. This project proposes to design and
develop a portable unit (stick) for them for easy usage and navigation in public
places.
Our proposed project first uses NodeMCU to track blind people’s
location using Google’s Geolocation API and this data is communicated with
others by using a application software in smartphone created by using Android
Studio. Whenever blind people met with a obstacle it would alert them by
using vibration using ultrasonic sensors. The stick is interfaced with other
features like LDR, Moisture sensor. The system has one more advanced feature
integrated to help the blind find their stick if they forget where they kept it. A
wireless RF based remote is used for this purpose. In order to control all these
sensors we use the popular Arduino as microcontroller.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT
The objective of this project is to develop a stick interfacing with
ultrasonic sensors, NodeMCU, Moisture sensor, RF Transmitter and
Receiver and LDR controlled using microcontroller and to create an
application software using Android Studio which tracks our location.
7
1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY
1. S.Gangwar (2011) designed a smart stick for blind which can give early
warning of an obstacle using Infrared (IR) sensors. After identifying the
obstacles, the stick alerts the visually impaired people using vibration
signals. However the smart stick focused only for obstacle detection
but it is not assisting for emergency purposes needed by the blind.
And also the IR sensors are not really efficient enough because it can
detect only the nearest obstacle in short distance.
2. S.Chew (2012) proposed the smart white cane, called Blind spot that
combines GPS technology, social networking and ultrasonic sensors to
help visually impaired people to navigate public spaces. The GPS detects
the location of the obstacle and alerts the blind to avoid them hitting the
obstacle using ultra-sonic sensors. But GPS did not show the efficiency
in tracing the location of the obstacles since ultra-sonic tells the
distance of the obstacle.
All the studies show that, there are many techniques of making a smart stick for
blind people. However, the study conclusion shows that, using the ultrasonic
sensors would be an efficient solution to detect the obstacles with maximum
range of 7 meters and 45 degree coverage.
8
CHAPTER 2
ULTRASONIC SENSOR
2.1 Introduction
The ultrasonic sensor works on the principle of SONAR and
RADAR system which is used to determine the distance to an object.An
ultrasonic sensor generates the high-frequency sound (ultrasound) waves.
When this ultrasound hits the object, it reflects as echo which is sensed by
the receiver. By measuring the time required for the echo to reach to the
receiver, we can calculate the distance.
Fig 2.1 Ultrasonic Working Principle.
9
2.2 Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Configuration:
`
Fig 2.2 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
Pin
Number Pin Name Description
1 Vcc The Vcc pin powers the sensor, typically
with +5V
2 Trigger
Trigger pin is an Input pin. This pin has to
be kept high for 10us to initialize
measurement by sending US wave.
3 Echo
Echo pin is an Output pin. This pin goes
high for a period of time which will be
equal to the time taken for the US wave to
return back to the sensor.
4 Ground This pin is connected to the Ground of the
system
Table 2.1 Pin Description of Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04.
10
2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Features:
1. Operating voltage : +5V
2. Theoretical Measuring Distance : 2cm to 450cm
3. Practical Measuring Distance : 2cm to 80cm
4. Accuracy : 3mm
5. Measuring angle covered : <15°
6. Operating Current : <15mA
7. Operating Frequency : 40Hz
2.4 HC-SR04 Working Principle:
HC-SR-04 has an ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and control circuit. In
ultrasonic module HCSR04, we have to give trigger pulse, so that it will generate
ultrasound of frequency 40 kHz. After generating ultrasound i.e. 8 pulses of 40
kHz, it makes echo pin high. Echo pin remains high until it does not get the echo
sound back. So the width of echo pin will be the time for sound to travel to the
object and return back. Once we get the time we can calculate distance, as we
know the speed of sound.
11
2.5 HC-SR04 Procedure:
We need to transmit trigger pulse of at least 10 us to the HC-SR04 Trig Pin.
Then the HC-SR04 automatically sends Eight 40 kHz sound wave and wait for
rising edge output at Echo pin. When the rising edge capture occurs at Echo pin,
start the Timer and wait for falling edge on Echo pin. As soon as the falling edge is
captured at the Echo pin, read the count of the Timer. This time count is the time
required by the sensor to detect an object and return back from an object.
Fig 2.3 HC-SR04 Timing Diagram
2.6 Distance Calculation:
Distance = Speed x Time.
The speed of sound waves is 343 m/s.
So, Total Distance = (343 x Time of High(Echo) Pulse)/2
Total distance is divided by 2 because signal travels from HC-SR04 to
object and returns to the module HC-SR-04.
12
CHAPTER 3
MOISTURE SENSOR
3.1 Introduction:
The Moisture sensor is used to measure the water content of soil. A
typical Soil Moisture Sensor consists of two components. A two legged Lead,
that goes into the soil or anywhere else where water content has to be measured.
This has two header pins which connect to an Amplifier/ A-D circuit which is
in turn connected to the Arduino. The Amplifier has a Vin, Gnd, Analog and
Digital Data Pins. This means that you can get the values in both Analog and