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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Michelle M. Rogers, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Carol J. Miller, Shawn P. McElmurry, Guoyao Xu, Weisong Shi,
Caisheng Wang, Cheng-Zhong Xu, PhDWayne State University – College of Engineering
Water Sustainability Workshop A Smart-Phone Application for
Home Emissions Estimates
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Total generation:4,120 billion (kWh)3,950 billion (kWh) in 2009
Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov
WHY?Energy –Emissions
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Polluting Emissions from Electricity Generation
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-16/pdf/2012-806.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/mats/actions.html
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Air Quality Visual Health (asthma) GHG………Climate (?)
Contaminant Deposition Surface Water Soils Vegetation
Food Chain Fish Consumption
And,….Even for the “non-environmentalist”……… Policy: Government Specified Caps
Emissions Effects
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Problem: How to identify emission potential?
Locational Marginal Price as Proxy for Generator Type
LMP at time ti
Hydro & Nuclear Coal Natural Gas Oil
Pri
ce (
$/M
Wh
)
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LMPs based on marginal cost of supplying the next increment of electric demand at a specific location
LMP Accounts for: generation marginal cost (fuel cost) physical aspects of transmission system (constraint in
transmission lines) Cost of marginal power losses
Locational Marginal Prices (LMP)
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Methodology
Use LMP to point to the marginal fuel type
Calculate emissions associated with that fuel type for a specific area (or specific generator)
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Environmental OptimizationLinking Consumption to Emissions
1. Source Identification• Dispatch adjusted every 5 minutes within MISO
2. Emission Quantification• Function of generator type
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Locational Marginal Prices
LMPs available from MISO (Midwest Independent System Operator)
LMPs for select Commercial Pricing Nodes (CPNs) available every 5 minutes
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Locational Marginal Prices…spatial variation
LMP = f (space,time)
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Locational Marginal Prices….temporal variation
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Emission Rates LMP Marginal Generator Type Air Emissions Measured Air Emissions Data from EPA’s eGRID
(Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database) Data on thousands of power plants in the US
Sort by EGCL code (Electric Generating Company, Location-Based) i.e., all of DTE-operated plants in SE Michigan
WE WANT THIS TO BE DEFINED ON THE FINEST GRID POSSIBLE….compare to an approach based on national averages of emissions/KWh
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Emission Rates Calculate average emission rate for entire area for each
fuel type Example, Detroit Edison: (2008 data)
LMP Marginal Generator Type Air Emissions
Air Emissions in pounds pollutant per MWhr generated (lb/MWh)
Pollutant Nuclear Coal Natural Gas Distilled Fuel Oil
SO2 0 10.54 1.65 2.3445
NOX 0 3.05 1.57 21.73CO2 equiv 0 2071 2292 1862
Hg 0 5.26E-05 3.62E-06 5.81E-06
Pb 1.09E-07 3.10E-05 1.66E-06 3.65E-05
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Putting it Together: the HERO app
HERO = Home Emissions Read-Out
(LMP Marginal Generator Type Air Emissions) Applying this concept to household energy use Android App for smart phones
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HERO: Home Emissions Read-Out
HERO ARCHITECTURE
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HERO Input HERO can automatically find
nearest CPN based on phone’s GPS
User also has choice to pick location from map
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HERO Output Current, Past, and Projected
Future emissions
CO2, NOX, SOX, Mercury, Lead
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HERO Screen Shots
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User can view more to see background information on CO2, NOX, SOX, Mercury, Lead
Environmental Effects, Human Health Effects
Example: NOX & SOX
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LEEM: Locational Emissions Estimation Methodology
Input:Addres
s
Geographic
Location
Closest LMP Node
Link LMP to Margin
al Generat
or
Output:Real-Time
Emissions
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HERO published in GooglePlay https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.
amaker.herotest&feature=search_result#?t=W251bGwsMSwyLDEsImNvbS5hbWFrZXIuaGVyb3Rlc3QiXQ..
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Server-Based Approach
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Test Case of Emissions Benefits
Appliance Frequency(d-1)
Cycle Length
(hrs)
Power(kW)
Energy/ cycle
(kWh)
Intermittent(Y/N)
Preferred Time
Hr (1 - 24)
Water Heater 1.00 3.00 1.29 3.87 YES 4
Defrost Cycle 2.00 0.33 0.70 0.23 NO 1
Dishwasher 0.50 2.0 0.98 1.97 NO 22
Clothes Washer 1.00 0.5 0.61 0.31 NO 20
Clothes Dryer 0.86 0.75 4.59 3.44 NO 19
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BEST/WORST CASE PERFORMANCE
RegionNode
Location Year
Based on LMP
type
Average change
in target pollutant
Greatest change
achieved by any
pollutant
Least change
achieved by any
pollutant RFCM Monroe, MI 2009 RT -68% -84% -33%RFCM Monroe, MI 2007 RT -78% -88% -49%RFCM Monroe, MI 2009 DA -27% -61% +1%
RFCM St. Clair, MI 2009 RT -68% -84% -32%RFCM Midland, MI 2009 RT -70% -86% -29%
SRMW Labadie, MO 2009 RT -74% -80% -49%
MROW Fergus Falls, MN 2009 RT -70% -72% -64%
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Great Lakes Benefits
Great Lakes Resident
Engages Energy Consuming Device
LEEM Optimization
Change in Demand
Reduction in Hg Emissions
Reduced Hg in Fish
Fishing Restriction Lifted
Consumer utilizes local resources
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Extension of Project
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Thanks to Great Lakes Protection Fund
THANK YOU
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Water Sustainability Workshop: A Smart-Phone Application for Home Emissions Estimates