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CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
Environmental integrity is at the heart of the CDM and methodologies have amajor role in ensuring this integrity. Methodologies are required to establish
a project’s emissions baseline, or expected emissions without the project, and to
monitor the actual ongoing emissions once a project is implemented. The
difference between the baseline and actual emissions determines what a project
is eligible to earn in the form of credits. Methodologies are essential when
quantifying emission reductions in an uncapped environment on a project-by-
project basis.
The function of methodologies is easy to grasp, but the methodologies themselves
can be quite complex. They are necessarily diverse in their composition and
application in order to accommodate the wide range of activities and locales
covered by the CDM. Hence this publication, designed to guide users through
the complex world of CDM methodologies.
By clearly summarizing, classifying and illustrating the methodologies available
under the CDM, and then enhancing the means by which to search those
methodologies, this publication serves to guide potential CDM project participants.
It is my fervent hope, and that of the team that developed this work, that
it will contribute to a rise in the number of CDM projects, increase the use of
methodologies that directly benet women and children, and enhance the
regional distribution of projects, which is a key desire of Parties to the Kyoto
Protocol, the CDM Executive Board and this secretariat.
FOREwORD
Christiana Figueres, Executive Secretary
United Nations Frameork Convention on Climate Change
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
In addition to the methodology sectoral scopes3,
methodologies in this table are also categorized by the type of mitigation activity, these being renewable
energy, low carbon electricity generation, energy
efciency measures, fuel switch, GHG destruction,
GHG emission avoidance and GHG removal by sinks.
Sectoral scopes 1 to 3 (energy sectors – generation, supply
and consumption) are rst distinguished according to:
• Electricity generation and supply;
• Energy for industries;
• Energy (fuel) for transport;
• Energy for households and buildings.
And then categorized in terms of type of mitigation activity:
• Displacement of a more-GHG-intensive output:
i. Renewable energy;
ii. Low carbon electricity.
• Energy efciency;
• Fuel and feedstock switch.
Sectoral scopes 4 to 15 (other sectors) are categorized
according to these mitigation activities:
• Displacement of a more-GHG-intensive output;
• Renewable energy;
• Energy efciency;
• GHG destruction;
• GHG emission avoidance;
• Fuel switch;
• GHG removal by sinks.
desCriPtion of tyPes of mitigation aCtivities
disPlaCement of a more-ghg-intensive outPut
This category refers to project activities where the
consumption of a more-GHG-intensive output isdisplaced with the output of the project. The category is
separately dened because of the importance of not just
implementing the project activity, but also ensuring that
the more-GHG-intensive output is displaced by the output
of the project activity.
All renewable energy generation and low carbon energy
generation project activities are part of this category.
Many other methodologies are also allocated to this
category depending upon how the emission reductions
are calculated in the corresponding methodologies.
Examples:
• Power generation from waste energy recovery and
supply to a recipient who was receiving more-GHG-
intensive power;
• Power generation using renewable or low carbon
energy sources and export of power to a grid with
combined margin emission factor of more than zero
and/or to a recipient using fossil fuel based power in
the absence of project activity.
.. CategoriZationBy mitigation aCtivity
tyPe methodology
CategoriZation taBle
3 The Methodology categorization table allocates the methodology to the sectoral scope(s) that have been formally dened for it, which are primarily used as the basis of DOE accreditation.However, if there are additional sectoral scopes that are also applicable to the methodology,then the methodology is also shown in these sectors in the table. This is to make it potentially easier to look up the methodology.
There are to ays the booklet categorizes methodologies.
The rst approach – the methodology categorization table –
is based on the sectoral scopes dened by the UNFCCC
(see <https://cdm.unccc.int/DOE/scopes.html>). This table
allocates the methodology to generic mitigation activity types.
This approach is useul or project developers ho have not
yet made a technology choice or CDM stakeholders ho are
interested in a type o mitigation activity.
It structures methodologies according to technology and the
history o methodology development that has led to several
“amilies” o methodologies all relating to a specic technology.
It is appropriate or project developers ho have already
decided on a particular technology or their project .
Finding applicable methodologies — two categorization approaches
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0001
Typical project(s) Destruction o HFC- generated during the production o HCFC- that otherise ouldbe vented into the atmosphere.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Thermal destruction o HFC- emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheHCFC-22productionfacilityhasanoperatinghistoryofatleastthree years beteen the beginning o the year and the end o the year 4 andhas been in operation rom 5 until the start o the project;
• TheHFC-23destructionoccursatthesameindustrialsitewheretheHCFC-22production acility is located;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Reurbishment and uel sitch o reneable biomass cogeneration projects connectedto the grid hich operate in seasonal mode and use other uel during the o-season,hen biomass – or instance bagasse in case o a sugar mill – is not being produced.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive poer generation using ossil uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theproposedprojecthasaccesstobiomassthatisnotcurrentlyusedfor energy purposes.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Associated gas rom oil ells (including gas-lif gas) that as previously ared or ventedis recovered and utilized.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o use o other ossil uel sources such as natural gas, dry gas, LP,condensate etc. coming rom non-associated gas by utilizing associated gas and/orgas-lif gas rom oil ells.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Therecoveredgascomesfromoilwellsthatareinoperationandareproducing oil at the time o the recovery;
• Theprojectdoesnotleadtochangesintheprocessofoilproduction,suchas an increase in the quantity or quality o oil extracted;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a natural-gas-red cogeneration plant that supplieselectricity and heat to an existing consuming acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Fuelswitch.Fuel savings through energy eciency improvement. Optional use o a less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theelectricityandheatrequirementofthefacilitythattheprojectcogeneration plant supplies to (consuming acility) ould be generated in separate systemsin the absence o the project;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) eneration o electricity rom the zero-emission reneable energy sources such as ind,geothermal, solar, hydro, ave and/or tidal projects that displaces electricity producedrom a specic ossil uel plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive generation o electricity by the use o reneableenergy sources.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Quantityofelectricitysuppliedtothegridbytheproject;• Iftheprojectinvolvesgeothermalenergy:fugitiveCO and CH4 emissions due to
release o non-condensable gases rom the produced steam.
BASELINE SCENARIOA specic ossil uel plantgenerates electricity that issupplied to the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOA reneable energy plantpartially or completely displacesthe electricity that is generatedby the specic ossil uel poerplant.
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
CO
Electricit
Renewble
Fossil fuel Power plnt
AM0019 Reneable energy projects replacing part o the electricity production o one single ossil uel red power plant thatstands alone or supplies to a grid, excluding biomass projects
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) rid electricity savings by increasing the energy eciency o a ater pumping systemthrough measures including reduction in technical losses, reduction in leaksand improvement in the energy eciency o the pumping system/s (or scheme/s).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIODelivery o ater rom aninecient pumping system.
PROJECT SCENARIODelivery o ater rom thepumping system that has aloer energy demand due toreducing losses or leaks inthe pumping system and/orby implementing measuresto increase energy eciency.
CO
Electricit Pumpin
GridFossil fuel
Electricit
Grid
CO
Uprde
Pumpin
Fossil fuel
AM0020 Baseline methodology or ater pumpingeciency improvements
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Identication and repair o natural gas (N) and renery gas (R) leaks in above-groundprocess equipment in natural gas production, processing, transmission, storage,distribution systems and in renery acilities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGformationavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Nosystemsareinplacetosystematicallyidentifyandrepairleaksinthetransmission and distribution system;
BASELINE SCENARIOwaste heat rom the cementplant is not used. Fossil uel isused to generate either electricityon-site or electricity rom the gridis used in the cement plant.
PROJECT SCENARIO
waste heat rom the cement plantis used to produce electricity.The generated electricity replacesossil uel previously usedto generate electricity or gridelectricity.
CementFossil fuel
Fossil fuel
Het
Power plnt CO
ElectricitGrid
Relese
CementFossil fuel Het
Power plntElectricitGrid
Fossil fuel
Power plnt CO
Relese
AM0024 Baseline methodology or greenhouse gas reductionsthrough aste heat recovery and utilization or poer generationat cement plants
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project involves one or a combination o the olloing aste treatment options:composting process in aerobic conditions; or gasication to produce syngas and its use;or anaerobic digestion ith biogas collection and aring and/or its use (this includesprocessing and upgrading biogas and then distribution o it via a natural gas distributiongrid); or mechanical/thermal treatment process to produce reuse-derived uel (RDF)/stabilized biomass (SB) and its use; or incineration o resh aste or energy generation,electricity and/or heat.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance;• Renewableenergy.CH4 emissions due to anaerobic decay o organic aste is avoided by alternativeaste treatment processes. Organic aste is used as reneable energy source.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theproportionsandcharacteristicsofdierenttypesoforganicwasteprocessed in the project can be determined;
BASELINE SCENARIODisposal o the aste in a landllsite ithout capturing landllgas or ith partly capturing andsubsequently aring it.
PROJECT SCENARIOAlternative aste treatmentprocess. Such processes couldbe composting, gasication,anaerobic digestion ith biogascollection and aring and/orits use, mechanical/thermaltreatment process to produceRDF or SB and its use, orincineration o resh asteor energy generation.
AM0025 Avoided emissions rom organic astethrough alternative aste treatment processes
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Electricity capacity additions (either through the installation o ne, or the modicationo existing, poer plants) that supply electricity to the grid and use reneable energysources such as hydro, ind, solar, geothermal, ave or tidal poer. The capacityadditions have to be connected to the Chilean interconnected grid or others countries’grids providing a similar merit order based rameork.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the grid by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheprojectpowerplantmusteitherbeconnectedtothegridofChileandfullthelegal obligations under the Chilean Electricity Regulation, or be implemented inother countries i the country has a regulatory rameork or electricity generationand dispatch that meets the conditions described in the methodology;
• Newhydroelectricpowerprojectswithreservoirsrequirepowerdensitiesgreater than 4 w/m.
BASELINE SCENARIOPoer is provided to the gridusing more-H-intensivepoer sources.
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o a ne, ormodication o an existing,reneable poer plantthat results in an increaseo reneable poer anddisplacement o electricitythat ould be providedto the grid by more-H-intensive means.
CO
GridFossil fuel
Electricit Electricit
CO
GridFossil fuel
Electricit
Renewble
Electricit
AM0026 Methodology or zero-emissions grid-connected electricitygeneration rom reneable sources in Chile or in countries ith meritorder based dispatch grid
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Biomass is used as a reneable source o CO or the manuacturing o inorganiccompounds instead o mineral or ossil CO.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Sitch rom CO o ossil or mineral origin to CO rom reneable sources.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheCO rom the reneable source as already produced and is not divertedrom another application;
• CO rom ossil or mineral sources used or the production o inorganic compoundsin the baseline is rom a production process hose only useul output is CO andill not be emitted to the atmosphere in the project scenario. The CO productionprocess rom ossil source does not produce any energy by-product;
Important parameters Monitored:• Amountofinorganiccompoundproduced;• Carboncontentandmolecularweightoftheinorganiccompound;• Amountsofnon-renewableandrenewableCO used or the production o
inorganic compounds.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil or mineral sources are thesource o CO or the productiono inorganic compounds.
PROJECT SCENARIOReneable sources o CO are thesource o CO or the production o inorganic compounds.
Biomss
ProductionCO Output
Burnin
BurninFossil fuel
CO
Relese
Fossil fuel
CO
Burnin
Biomss
ProductionCO Output
Burnin Relese
AM0027 Substitution o CO2 rom ossil or mineral origin by CO2 rom reneable sources in the production o inorganic compounds
Important parameters At validation:• Normaloperatingconditionsoftheplant(oxidationtemperatureandpressure,
ammonia gas o rate to AOR, and composition o ammonia oxidation catalyst).
Monitored:
• Productionofnitricacidorcaprolactam;• Volumeofgasowattheinletandoutletofthedestructionfacility;• NO concentration at the inlet and outlet o the destruction acility;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Implementation o anode eect mitigation measures at a primary aluminium smelter(e.g. improving the algorithm o the automatic control system or smelting pots).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o PFC emissions by anode eect mitigation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thealuminiumsmeltingfacilitystartedthecommercialoperationnolater than December , ;
• Minimumofthreeyearsofhistoricaldataisavailableoncurrenteciency, anode eect and aluminium production rom December , , onards;
• Thealuminiumsmeltingfacilityusescentreworkpre-bakecelltechnologywith bar brake (CwPB) or point eeder systems (PFPB);
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a ne bus rapid transit system (BRT) or urban transport o passengers. Replacement, extensions or expansions o existing bus rapid transit systems(adding ne routes and lines) are also alloed.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive transportation modes.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thereisaplantoreduceexistingpublictransportcapacitieseitherthroughscrapping, permit restrictions, economic instruments or other means and replacingthem by the project system;
• Ifbiofuelsareused,projectbusesmustusethesamebiofuelblend(samepercentage o biouel) as commonly used by conventional comparable urbanbuses in the country;
• Theprojectpartiallyorfullyreplacesatraditionalpublictransportsysteminagivencity. The replacement o rail-based mass rapid transit systems is not alloed.The methodology cannot be used or BRT systems in areas here currently nopublic transport is available.
Important parameters At validation:
• Baselinedistanceandtransportmode,whichareobtainedthrougha comprehensive survey involving the users o the project transport system;
• Specicfuelconsumption,occupancyratesandtravelleddistancesofdierenttransport modes (including the project);
• Policiesaectingthebaseline(i.e.modalsplitofpassengers,fuelusageof vehicles, maximum vehicle age).
BASELINE SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing a diverse transport systeminvolving buses, trains, cars,non-motorized transport modes,etc. operating under mixed tracconditions.
PROJECT SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing the nely developedbus rapid transit system thatpartially displaces the existing
transport system operating undermixed trac conditions.
AM0031 Baseline methodology or bus rapid transit projects
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Recycling and/or leak reduction o SF in a electricity grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o SF emissions by recycling and/or leak reduction.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedeitherintheentiregridoraveriabledistinct geographic portion o a grid;
• MinimumofthreeyearsofhistoricaldataisavailableonthetotalSF emissionsrom the grid.
Important parameters At validation:• NetreductioninanSF inventory or the grid;• Nameplatecapacity(inkgSF) o equipment retired rom and added to the grid.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Fuel sitch rom ossil uels to biomass residues in the generation o heat. Applicableactivities are retrot or replacement o existing heat generation equipment andinstallation o ne heat generation equipment.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy;Displacement o more-H-intensive heat generation using ossil uel and avoidance o CH4 emissions rom anaerobic decay o biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Heatgeneratedintheprojectcanonlybeusedforpowergenerationifpowergeneration equipment as previously installed and is maintained throughout thecrediting period;
• Onlybiomassresidues,notbiomassingeneral,areeligible.Nosignicantenergyquantities except rom transportation or mechanical treatment o the biomass
residues should be required to prepare the biomass residues;• Existingheatgenerationequipmentattheprojectsitehaseithernotusedany
biomass or has used only biomass residues (but no other type o biomass)or heat generation during the most recent three years prior to the implementationo the project;
• Incaseofexistingfacilities,threeyearsofhistoricaldataisrequiredforthecalculation o emissions reductions.
Important parameters At validation:• Leakageduetodiversionofbiomassresidues.
Monitored:
• Heatgeneratedintheproject;
• Quantityandmoisturecontentofthebiomassresiduesusedintheprojectaswell as electricity and ossil uel consumption o the project;
• Projectemissionsfromtransportofbiomass.
BASELINE SCENARIOHeat ould be produced bythe use o ossil uels. Biomassresidues could partially decayunder anaerobic conditions,bringing about CH4 emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass residues or heatgeneration avoids ossil uel use
and thereby H emissions.Decay o biomass residues used asuel is avoided.
AM0036 Fuel sitch rom ossil uels to biomass residuesin heat generation equipment
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Associated gas rom oil ells that as previously ared or vented is recovered andutilized as a eedstock to produce a chemical product.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Avoidance o H emissions that ould have occurred by aring/venting the associated gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theassociatedgasfromtheoilwell,whichisusedintheproject,wasaredorvented or the last three years prior to the start o the project;
• Undertheproject,thepreviouslyared(orvented)associatedgasisusedaseedstock and, here applicable, partly as energy source in a chemical processto produce a useul product (e.g. methanol, ethylene or ammonia).
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Retrotting o existing urnaces or the production o silicon and erry alloys includingcontrol and peripheral systems ith a more ecient system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;Sitch to more energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOConsumption o grid electricityin the submerged arc urnacesresults in CO emissions romthe combustion o ossil uelused to produce electricity.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe more-ecient submergedarc urnaces consume less
electricity, and thereby, emissionsrom the combustion o ossiluel used to produce electricityare reduced.
CO
Electricit
Grid
Allo
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Grid
Allo
Fossil fuel
Uprde
AM0038 Methodology or improved electrical energy eciency o an existing submerged electric arc urnace used or the productiono silicon and erry alloys
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The methodology is applicable to projects that avoid CH4 emissions resulting romanaerobic degradation o the organic asteater in open lagoons or storage tanks orrom natural decay o bioorganic solid aste in landlls (not rom manure management).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Organic asteater and bioorganic solid aste can be generated at separate locations;• Bioorganicsolidwastecanbeofasingletypeormultipletypesmixedindierent
proportions, provided the proportions can be determined;
• A co-composting process is used to treat the organic wastewater and thebioorganic waste;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Existing carbonization kilns are improved ith ne kiln design and changes inoperational practices that reduce the CH4 emissions in the production o charcoal.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance or reduction o CH4 emissions in charcoal production process.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• RegulationforCH4 emissions in charcoal production either doesn’t exist, or is lessstringent than the project, or lacks o enorcement;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o a ne grid-connected poer plant that is mainly red ith reneablebiomass rom a dedicated plantation (ossil uel or other types o biomass may be co-red).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Priortotheimplementationoftheproject,nopowerwasgeneratedattheprojectsite (i.e. the project plant does not substitute or aect the operation o any existingpoer generation at the project site);
• Thededicatedplantationmustbenewlyestablishedaspartoftheprojectforthepurpose o supplying biomass exclusively to the project;
• Thebiomassfromtheplantationisnotchemicallyprocessed(e.g.noproduction o alcohols rom biomass, etc.) prior to combustion in the project plant but it may
be processed mechanically or be dried;• Grazingorirrigationfortheplantationisnotallowed;• Thelandareawherethededicatedplantationwillbeestablishedhasnotbeen
used or any agricultural or orestry activity prior to the project implementation.
Important parameters At validation:• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o polyethylene pipes or the early replacement o leaking cast iron pipes orsteel pipes ithout cathodic protection in a natural gas distribution netork.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionsavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions rom leaks in natural gas transportation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectreplaceseithercastironpipesorsteelpipeswithoutcathodicprotectionthat have been in use or years ith polyethylene pipes ithout altering thepattern and supply capacity o the system;
• Thereplacementisnotpartofnormalrepairandmaintenance,plannedreplacement,or due to interruptions or shortages or a sitch rom servicing other gases;
BASELINE SCENARIOMethane leaks rom a naturalgas netork.
PROJECT SCENARIONo leaks or eer leaks inthe natural gas netork.
CHLossesNturl s
Uprde
CHLossesNturl s
AM0043 Leak reduction rom a natural gas distribution gridby replacing old cast iron pipes or steel pipes ithout cathodicprotection ith polyethylene pipes
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Projects that results in thermal energy eciency improvement o ossil-uel-red boilers,at multiple locations, through rehabilitation or replacement o the boilers implementedby the project participant, ho may be the oner o boilers or oner o all the sites orpart o the sites here the boilers are to be installed or a third party that ons all theproject boilers during the project period.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Onlyonetypeoffuelisusedbyeachoftheboilersincludedintheprojectboundaryand no uel sitching is undertaken ithin the project boundary, as a part o project;
• Theinstalledcapacityofeachboilershallbedeterminedusingaperformancetestinaccordance ith ell-recognized international standards.
Important parameters Monitored
• Amountoffossilfuelconsumed,netcaloricvalueoffossilfuel,emissionfactor o ossil uel, oxidation actor o ossil uel in each boiler in the project;
• Totalthermaloutputofeachboilerintheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOBoiler(s) ith loer eciency illcontinue to operate at multiplelocations, thereby consuming highamounts o ossil uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe eciency o boiler(s)is improved through theirrehabilitation or replacement,resulting in a reduction o ossil uel consumption andrelated CO emissions.
Fossil fuel
Het
Boiler
CO
Fossil fuel
Het
Boiler
Uprde
CO
AM0044 Energy eciency improvement projects: boiler rehabilitationor replacement in industrial and district heating sectors
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Expansion o an interconnected grid to supply electricity generated by more-ecient,less-carbon-intensive means to an isolated electric poer system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Renewableenergybasedelectricitygenerationintheisolatedsystemsisnotdisplaced and its operation is not signicantly aected;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Compact uorescent lamps (CFLs) are sold at a reduced price, or donated to households toreplace incandescent lamps (ICL).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o less-ecient lighting by more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thehouseholdsarewithinadistinctgeographicalareaandareconnectedtotheelectricity grid and no other CDM project that may aect the energy eciency o lighting in households located ithin the total project area has been registered;
• AmaximumoffourCFLscanbedistributedorsoldtoeachhouseholdandtheseCFLs have to be more ecient and have the same or a loer lumen output as thepreviously used ICL;
to the project coordinator, ho ensures destruction o the light bulbs;• Electricity consumption rom lighting has to be monitored in a baseline sample
group (BS) and a project sample group (PS). The project coordinator implementsa social lottery system as an incentive among all households includedin the BS and the PS.
Important parameters At validation:
• Theaveragegridvoltageinthelow-voltagepartofthegrid,thepowerratingand the P-U characteristic curve o the distributed light are determined beore the starto the project;
• Gridemissionfactor(alternativelymonitored).
Monitored:
• Electricityconsumedtoprovidelighting(orutilizationhoursandpowerrating o lighting appliance) or household ithin the BS and PS;
BASELINE SCENARIOSeparate steam and electricityproduction ith more-H-intensive uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOCogeneration o electricity andsteam ith less-carbon-intensiveuel (e.g. natural gas).
AM0048 Ne cogeneration acilities supplying electricity and/orsteam to multiple customers and displacing grid/o-grid steam andelectricity generation ith more carbon-intensive uels
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o gas-based energy generation systems, either separate or cogeneration,at an existing industrial acility to meet its on electricity and/or steam/heat demand.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch;• Energyecieny.Displacement o more-carbon-intensive uel ith less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Priortotheprojectimplementation,theexistingindustrialfacilityproducesitsownthermal energy and maybe electricity, but the electricity supply is not enough tomeet its on demand;
• Coaloroilisreplacedbynaturalgasormethane-richgas,whichshallbesucientlyavailable in the region or country;
On-site generation o heat usingcoal or oil and import o electricityrom the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o energy generationsystems, either separate orcogeneration, to supply electricityand/or steam/heat using naturalgas or methane-rich gas.
AM0049 Methodology or gas based energy generationin an industrial acility
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Feed sitch rom naphtha to natural gas, either completely or partially, in existingintegrated ammonia-urea manuacturing acilities, ith optional implementation o aCO recovery plant ithin the manuacturing acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive eedstock (naphtha) ith less-H-intensiveeedstock (natural gas).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectshouldnotresultintheincreaseoftheproductioncapacityandchangein production process;
• Ureaproductionintheproject;• Quantityofnaturalgasusedasfeedintheproject;• Quantityoffuelconsumedinfurnacesintheproject;• QuantityandCO emission actor o electricity consumed by the CO recovery plant.
BASELINE SCENARIOThe integrated ammonia-ureamanuacturing plant continues touse naphtha as the eed emitting
excess CO, not used by the ureaplant, into atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe eed to the integratedammonia-urea manuacturingplant is sitched romnaphtha to natural gas, i required in combinationith the implementation o a CO recovery, to reducethe emission o excess CO.
AM0050 Feed sitch in integrated ammonia-ureamanuacturing industry
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Increased annual generation o electricity through the introduction o a Decision SupportSystem (DSS) that optimizes the operation o the existing hydropoer acility/ies, bothrun-o-the-river and reservoir-based type, connected to a grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould have been provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Recordeddataisavailableforaminimumofthreeyearstoestablishthebaselinerelationship beteen ater o and poer generation;
• Hydropowerunits,coveredundertheproject,havenotundergoneandwillnotundergo signicant upgrades beyond basic maintenance (e.g. replacement o runners) that aect the generation capacity and/or expected operational eciencylevels during the crediting period;
• Nomajorchangesinthereservoirsize(e.g.increaseofdamheight)ortootherkeyphysical system elements (e.g. canals, spillays) that ould aect ater osithin the project boundary, have been implemented during the baseline dataperiod or ill be implemented during the crediting period;
BASELINE SCENARIOAdditional electricity ould beproduced by more-H-intensive poer plants connectedto the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOIntroduction o a Decision SupportSystem (DSS) increases thesupply o electricity generatedby existing hydropoer units tothe grid, thereby reducing theamount o more-H-intensiveelectricity in the grid.
AM0052 Increased electricity generation rom existing hydropoerstations through decision support system optimization
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Recovering, processing and upgrading o biogas, generated by anaerobic decompositiono organic matter in landlls, asteater treatment systems, animal aste managementsystems, etc., to the quality o natural gas and distributing it as energy source via anatural gas distribution grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Avoidance o CH4 emissions and displacement o use o natural gas in a natural gasdistribution grid.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thebiogaswaseitherventedoraredpriortoimplementationoftheprojectactivityand ould continue to be either vented or ared in the absence o the project;
• The geographical extent o the natural gas distribution grid is ithin the host country;• Thefollowingtechnologiesareusedtoupgradebiogastonaturalgasquality:
pressure sing adsorption, absorption ith/ithout ater circulation or absorptionith ater, ith or ithout ater recirculation.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityandnetcaloricvalueofupgradedbiogasinjectedtothenaturalgasdistribution grid in the project;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project introduces oil/ater emulsion technology in an existing residual-uel-oil-
red boiler or the purpose o improving energy eciency. Introduction o this technologyinvolves the installation and operation o equipment to mix the residual uel oilith ater and additives prior to combustion in order to improve the eciency o thecombustion process.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more-energy-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theboilerhasanoperatinghistoryofatleastveyearsandpriortotheimplementation o the project, no oil/ater emulsion technology as used atthe project site;
• Quantityoftheresidualfueloilred,theashcontent,carboncontentanddensityofthe residual uel oil, during the measurement to determine the oxidation actor.
BASELINE SCENARIOOperation o boilers at loereciency o combustion inabsence o oil/ater emulsiontechnology.
PROJECT SCENARIOOil/ater emulsion technologyis introduced to improve theeciency o boilers in order toreduce CO emissions.
AM0054 Energy eciency improvement o a boiler by introducingoil/ater emulsion technology
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project is implemented in existing renery acilities to recover aste gas, hich ischaracterized by its lo pressure or a lo heating value and that is currently being aredto generate process heat in element process(s) (e.g. or the purpose o steam generationby a boiler or hot air generation by a urnace). Recovered aste gas is a by-productgenerated in several processing units o the renery.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o ossil uel used or heat production by recovered aste gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Wastegasvolumeandcompositionaremeasurableandthefacilityhasaminimumo three years records on aring (not venting) o aste gases, prior to the start o theproject, or as long as the processing acility has been in operation;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Complete replacement o existing boilers by ne boilers ith a higher eciency in anexisting acility ith steam demands or retrotting o existing boilers in order to increasetheir eciency; or a combination ith one or both activities described above and a sitchin the type o ossil uel used to uel boilers.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology sitch resulting in an increase in energy eciency.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the currentsituation; i.e. use o the existingboilers ithout ossil uel sitch,replacement o retrot o theboilers.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Complete replacement o boilers,and/or retrotting o an existingsteam generating system resultsin higher eciency and lessconsumption o ossil uel (uelsitch may also be an elemento the project scenario).
Fossil fuel
Stem
Boiler
CO
Fossil fuel
Stem
Boiler
Uprde
CO
AM0056 Eciency improvement by boiler replacement orrehabilitation and optional uel sitch in ossil uel-red steam boilersystems
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Agricultural astes are used as eed stock or pulp, paper, cardboard, breboard or bio-oil production in a ne acility, here the end product is similar in characteristics andquality to existing high quality products in the market and does not require special use ordisposal methods.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
gas emissions except rom those arising directly rom pyrolysis (bio-oil only)processes that ere also used in the baseline or associated ith electricity or
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) A ne primary district heating system supplied by previously unused heat rom a ossil-uel-red poer plant is introduced. It replaces ossil-uel-red heat only boilers.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o ossil-uel-based heat generation by utilization o aste heat.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theheatsuppliedbytheprojectispredominantlyfromagridconnectedpowerplant ith three years o operation history and no use o aste heat and can besupplemented by ne heat-only boilers;
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel is used in a poer plant
that only supplies grid electricity;ossil uel is used in individualboilers that supply heat to users.
PROJECT SCENARIOFossil uel is used in a poer plantthat supplies both electricity tothe grid and heat to individualusers. Fossil uel previously usedin individual boilers is no longerused.
AM0058 Introduction o a ne primary district heating system
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Technology improvement at a primary aluminium smelter (PFPB, CwPB, SwPB, VSSor HSS) using computerized controls or improved operating practices, to reduce PFCemissions and/or to improve electrical energy eciency.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o PFC emissions and electricity savings leading to less H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The one-to-one replacement o existing electricity-driven chillers by more-energy-ecient ne chillers ith similar rated output capacity to the existing ones.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Electricity savings through energy eciency improvement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Foreachchillerreplacement,theratedoutputcapacityofthenewchillerisnotsignicantly larger or smaller (maximum ±5%) than the existing chiller;
• Thechillerisusedtogeneratechilledwaterorawater/antifreezemixture (e.g. ater ith addition o glycol) or process cooling or air conditioning;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Implementation o measures to increase the energy eciency o existing poer plantsthat supply electricity to the grid. Examples o these measures are: the replacemento orn blades o a turbine by ne ones; the implementation o ne control systems;replacement o decient heat exchangers in a boiler by ne ones, or the installation o additional heat recovery units in an existing boiler.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology sitch resulting in an increase in energy eciency in an existing poer plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the operation o the poer plant, using all poergeneration equipment alreadyused prior to the implementationo the project, and undertakingbusiness as usual maintenance.
PROJECT SCENARIOImplementation o energyeciency improvement measuresor the rehabilitation o an existingossil-uel-red poer plant. As aresult, less ossil uel is consumedto generate electricity.
AM0061 Methodology or rehabilitation and/or energy eciencyimprovement in existing poer plants
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Implementation o measures to increase the energy eciency o steam or gas turbines inexisting poer plants that supply electricity to the grid. Examples o these measures are:replacement o orn blades o a turbine by ne ones; implementation o rened sealingto reduce leakage; replacement o complete inner blocks (steam path, rotor, inner casing,inlet nozzles).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology sitch resulting in an increase in energy eciency at an existing poer plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
(including replacements and overhauling) as provided by the manuacturero turbine, or superior practices o preventive maintenance (e.g. sophisticated
cleaning systems resulting in improved eciency) are not applicable;• Theoperationalparametersthataecttheenergyeciencyoftheturbine(e.g.steam
pressure and temperature, quality o steam in the case o a saturated steam turbine;condenser vacuum, and combustion temperature or gas turbine) remain the same,subject to a variation o +/-5%, in the baseline and the project scenario;
• Themethodologyisapplicableuptotheendofthelifetimeoftheexistingturbine, i shorter than the crediting period.
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the currentpractice; i.e. the turbine continuesto be operated ithout retrotting.
PROJECT SCENARIORetrotting o steam turbines andgas turbines ith components o improved design to increase theenergy eciency in an existingossil uel poer plant. Thus,ossil uel consumption is reduced.
AM0062 Energy eciency improvements o a poer plantthrough retrotting turbines
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Paragraph ill include to parts, accordingly:() Recovery o CO rom the tail gas (T) generated by an existing industrial acility to
substitute the combustion o ossil uels at an existing conventional CO productionacility or a ne CO production plant;
() Use o intermediate gas (I) o a ne production acility, or recovery o CO in a neCO production plant, established as part o the project activity.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive eedstock ith CO recovered rom the tail gasor intermediate gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Thetailgasfromtheexistingindustrialfacilityhasbeenproducedforaslongas the industrial acility has been in operation;
• Thereexistatleastthreeyearsofhistoricalrecordsrelatedtotheoperationoftheindustrial acility rom hich the tail gas is extracted;
• Priortotheprojectimplementation,thetailgashaseitherbeenusedasfuelin the industrial acility ithout extraction o the CO or has been ared;
• ThetotalamountofCO produced at the project acility shall not be consumed atthe project acility (e.g. or manuacturing o chemicals) and has to be sold ithinthe host country;
• TheindustrialfacilitydoesnotutilizeCO in the intermediate gas or any otherpurpose in the production process.
Important parameters At validation:
• QuantityofCO produced at the existing CO production acility;
• ElectricityandfuelconsumptionattheexistingCO production acility.
Monitored:
• Averagecarboncontentandvolumeofthetailgasand/orintermediategas delivered to the project CO production acility;
• QuantityofCO produced at the project CO production acility;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture and utilization or destruction o methane rom an operating mine, excludingmines here coal is extracted; capture and destruction o methane released romgeological structures, e.g. methane released directly rom holes drilled in geologicalormations specically or mineral exploration and prospecting activities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Avoidance o H emissions rom underground, hard rock, precious and base metal mines.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Incasetheprojectiscaptureandutilizationordestructionofmethanefromaoperatingmine, the captured methane is utilized to produce electricity, motive poer and/orthermal energy and/or destroyed through aring. Prior to the start o the project allmethane as released into the atmosphere or partially used or heat generation;
structures, abandoned or decommissioned mines, as ell as open cast mines areexcluded. Coal extraction mines or oil shale, as ell as boreholes or ells opened orgas/oil exploration or extraction do not qualiy.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Full or partial replacement o the use o cover gas SF, an inert gas used to avoid oxidationo molten magnesium in casting and alloying processes, by alternate cover gas (HFC34a,Peruoro--methyl-3-pentanone (CF3CFC(O)CF(CF3)) or SO using lean SO technology), inexisting acilities o magnesium metal cast industry.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o SF emissions by the use o alternate cover gas.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ProjectofSF replacement can be implemented in all segments o the magnesiummetal cast industry, as dened in the methodology;
• Themagnesiummetalcastfacilityhasanoperatinghistoryofatleastthreeyearsprior to the project implementation;
• IfSO is used as cover gas in the project, only “dilute SO ” technology is used
that meets the specications provided in methodology;• LocalregulationsinthehostcountryregardingSO emissions in the exhausting
system should be complied ith. I such regulations are not in place, the valueso SO emissions given in the methodology should be complied ith.
Important parameters At validation:
• Amountofmagnesiummanufacturedinthemostrecentthreeyears;• SF consumption in the magnesium cast acility in the most recent three years prior
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) waste heat released rom urnace(s)/kiln(s) is utilized to preheat ra material(s) inan existing or greeneld sponge iron manuacturing acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Energy eciency improvement leading to reduced specic heat consumption.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedeitherforanindividualfurnace/kilnoragroupofurnaces/kilns producing the same type o output;
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel is red or theprocess. The resulting heat rom
urnace(s)/kiln(s) is not utilizedand instead vented.
PROJECT SCENARIOLess ossil uel is red in theprocess. The heat rom urnace(s)/kiln(s) is usedto preheat ra material(s)beore eeding it into theurnace(s)/kiln(s).
CO
Fossil fuel Iron
Het Relese
Fossil fuel Iron
CO
Het Relese
AM0066 H emission reductions through aste heat utilisation orpre-heating o ra materials in sponge iron manuacturing process
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Replacement o existing less-ecient transormers ith more-ecient transormers inan existing distribution grid or the installation o ne high-ecient transormers in neareas that are currently not connected to a distribution grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Implementation o high-ecient transormers reduces losses in the grid and therebyH emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Cumulativenumberoftransformersinstalledbytheprojectaswellasrelated load-loss rates and the black out rate.
BASELINE SCENARIOLess-ecient transormers areinstalled in existing distribution
grids or ill be installed in nedistribution grids.
PROJECT SCENARIOHigh-ecient transormers areinstalled in existing distributiongrids or ill be installed in nedistribution grids resulting inloer electricity generationrequirements and thereby areduction o H emissions.
CO
Electricit
Electricit
Grid
Electricit
Consumer
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit
Electricit
Grid
Electricit
Consumer
Uprde
Fossil fuel
AM0067 Methodology or installation o energy ecient transormersin a poer distribution grid
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project is implemented to improve energy eciency o an existing erroalloyproduction acility. Improvement includes modication o existing submerged electric arcsmelting urnace(s) into open slag bath smelting urnace(s) or modication o existingco-current rotary kilns into counter-current rotary kilns.
The existing acility is limited to the submerged electric arc smelting urnace(s)and rotary kilns producing only one type o erroalloy, as dened by the compositiono its ingredients.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Sitch to more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectincludesatleastthemodicationof“submergedbathelectricfurnaces”to “open slag bath melting urnaces” and can also include a modication o “co-current rotary kilns” to “counter-current rotary kilns”;
• Onlyonetypeofferroalloyisproducedatthefacilityanditstypeandqualityis not aected by the project and remains unchanged throughout the crediting period;
• Dataforatleastthethreeyearsprecedingtheimplementationoftheprojectisavailable to estimate the baseline emissions.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture o biogas at a asteater treatment acility or a landll and use o the biogas toully or partially substitute natural gas or other ossil uels as eedstock and uel or theproduction o ton gas.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction;• Renewableenergy;• Feedstockswitch.CH4 emissions are avoided and ossil uel is replaced.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
three years and has not been using lo-wP rerigerants prior to the start o the project;• Onlyonelow-GWPrefrigerantisusedinmanufacturingandrellingofrefrigeration
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Introduction o a centralized geothermal heat supply system or space heating inbuildings. The geothermal heat supply system can be a ne system in ne buildings,the replacement o existing ossil uel systems or the addition o extra geothermal ellsto an existing system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive thermal energy generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
o ossil uel in the baseline situation hereas a maximum increase o the previous
capacity o % is eligible (otherise a ne baseline scenario has to be developed).
Important parameters At validation:
• Ifapplicable:threeyearsofhistoricaldataforfossilfuelsystem,e.g.averagethermal energy output or uel consumption.
Monitored:
• Temperaturedierencebetweeninletandoutlettemperaturesaswellasowrateatthe donstream o the geothermal heat exchanger and the net heating area o thebuildings included in the project boundary;
• Geothermalnon-condensablegas(CO and CH4) produced afer the implementationo the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOFossil uel is used as energysource or space heating
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o a ne geothermalsystem in ne building(s),replacement o existing ossil uelheating systems or expansiono capacity o an existinggeothermal system instead o using ossil uel.
AM0072 Fossil uel displacement by geothermal resources orspace heating
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Manure is collected by tank trucks, canalized and/or pumped rom multiple livestockarms and then treated in a single central treatment plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Release o CH4 emissions is avoided by combustion o methane.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOAnaerobic manure treatmentsystems ithout methanerecovery result in CH4 emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOManure rom arms is collectedand processes in a centraltreatment plant. Methane iscaptured and ared or used. Incase o energetic use o biogas,displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
MnureLivestock Bios CHReleseTretment
Tretment Bios
Tretment Bios Relese CH
MnureLivestock
Flrin
Ener
AM0073 H emission reductions through multi-site manurecollection and treatment in a central plant
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that supplies electricity to the grid and usespermeate gas, lo heating value o-gas resultant rom the processing o natural gas, asuel to operate the poer plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Lowcarbonelectricity.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thetotalamountofpermeategasfromthegasprocessingfacilitywasared and/or vented or at least three years prior to the start o the project;
• Thetransportationofthepermeategasfromthenaturalgasprocessingfacility to the ne poer plant occurs through a dedicated pipeline that is established aspart o the project and not used or the transportation o any other gases;
o the grid, or the poer generation technology that ould most likely be used inthe absence o the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOPermeate gas is ared and/orvented. Electricity is generatedusing processed natural gasor other energy sources thanpermeate gas, or electricity isprovided by the grid.
PROJECT SCENARIOPermeate gas, previously aredand/or vented at the existingnatural gas processing acility,is used as uel in a ne grid-connected poer plant.
AM0074 Methodology or ne grid connected poer plantsusing permeate gas previously ared and/or vented
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0075 Methodology or collection, processing and supplyo biogas to end-users or production o heat
Typical project(s) Processing and upgrading the biogas collected rom biogas producing site(s) in a nebiogas processing acility and supplying it to existing end-user(s) to produce heat in heatgeneration equipments or on-site use.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction;• Renewableenergy.Sitching rom more-carbon-intensive uel to biogas that as previously ared or vented.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thebiogasisobtainedfromoneorseveralexistingbiogasproducingsite(s)thathave to be identied ex-ante;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0076 Methodology or implementation o ossil ueltrigeneration systems in existing industrial acilities
Typical project(s) Installation o an on-site ossil-uel-based trigeneration plant to supply electricity,steam and chilled ater to an industrial acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o electricity, heat and cooling that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thebaselineistheseparatesupplyofelectricityfromthegrid,heatsupplied by an on-site ossil uel red boiler and chilled ater rom on-site electricalcompression chillers;
• Therehavebeennocogeneration(CHP)ortrigeneration(CCHP)systemsoperating in the industrial acility prior to the project;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Associated gas rom oil ells that as previously ared or vented, is recovered andprocessed in a ne gas processing plant along ith, optionally, non-associatedgas. The processed gas is delivered to clearly identiable specic end-user(s) bymeans o CN mobile units and/or delivered into an existing natural gas pipeline.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch;Recovery o associated gas rom oil ells that ould otherise be ared or ventedor displacement o non-associated gas in a ne gas processing plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Therecoveredgascomesfromoilwellsthatareinoperationandproducingoil at the time. Records o aring or venting o the associated gas are available or atleast three years;
• Quantityandcarboncontentofgasmeasuredatvariouspoints,i.e.recoveredassociated gas, non-associated gas rom natural gas ells, gas or other ossil uel
consumed on site, gas delivered to end-user(s), gas delivered to natural gas pipeline;• Ifapplicable:quantityandnetcaloricvalueoffuelconsumedinvehiclesfor
transportation o CN.
BASELINE SCENARIOAssociated gas rom oil ells is
ared or vented and end usersmeet their energy demand usingother ossil uel.
PROJECT SCENARIOAssociated gas rom oil ells isrecovered instead o ared orvented and displaces the use o other ossil uel by the end-users.
Oil
Nturl s
Oil
Associted s
Nturl s
CO
CO
Flrin/Ventin
Het
Het
Consumer
Nturl sNturl s
Flrin/Ventin CO
Oil
Oil
Associted s
CO
Het
Het
Consumer
AM0077 Recovery o gas rom oil ells that ould otherisebe vented or ared and its delivery to specic end-users
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0079 Recovery o SF6 rom gas insulated electrical equipmentin testing acilities
Typical project(s) Installation o a recovery system or used SF gas that ould be vented afer the testingo gas-insulated electrical equipment at a testing acility, and then reclamation o therecovered SF gas at an SF production acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGformationavoidance.Avoidance o SF emissions by recovery and reclamation o the SF emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheSF recovery site uses SF in the testing o gas-insulated electrical equipment,hich are perormed as part o a rating process, or during development orproduction o ne electrical equipment;
• Therecoveredgasisreclaimedbyusingitasafeedstockintheproductionof ne SF on the premises o an existing SF production acility;
voltage rated equipment (> kV);• Beforetheprojectimplementation,SF gas used in the equipment or the tests
is vented afer testing.
Important parameters At validation:
• MassofSF that is vented during testing or at least one year o historical data;
• ConcentrationofSF in a recovery cylinder or at least one year o historical data.
Monitored:
• MassofSF that is lled into each gas-insulated electrical equipment;
• MassofSF recovered at the recovery site and used as eedstock at thereclamation site;
• ConcentrationofSF in a recovery cylinder.
BASELINE SCENARIOSF is released to the atmosphereafer the completion o thetest o a gas-insulated electricalequipment.
PROJECT SCENARIOSF used during the test isrecovered and transported to areclamation acility here therecovered gas ill be re-injectedin the stream to produce ne SF.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Implementing a ne aerobic asteater treatment plant or the treatment o domesticand/or industrial asteater, ith sludge treated either in the same manner as thebaseline, or in a ne anaerobic digester ith biogas capture. The biogas is either aredand/or used to generate electricity and/or heat.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o CH4 emissions rom asteater treatment.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojecteitherreplacesanexistinganaerobicopenlagoonsystem,with or ithout conversion o the sludge treatment system, or is an alternative to a neto be built anaerobic open lagoon system;
• Loadinginthewastewaterstreamshastobehighenoughtoensurethatalgaloxygen production can be ruled out in the baseline;
• Theaveragedepthoftheexistingornewtobebuiltanaerobicopenlagoonssystemis at least one metre and residence time o the organic matter is at least days.
BASELINE SCENARIOwasteater ould have beentreated in an anaerobic open
lagoon system ithout methanerecovery and aring. Sludgeould have been dumped or lefto decay, or dried under controlledand aerobic conditions andthen disposed to a landll ithmethane recovery or used in soilapplication.
PROJECT SCENARIOInstallation o a ne aerobicasteater treatment plant.Sludge is treated either the sameay as the baseline or in a ne
anaerobic digester ith the biogascapture.
CHWste wter Loon Bios Relese
CH
Wste wter
Bios ReleseLoon
Tretment
Air
AM0080 Mitigation o greenhouse gases emissions ith treatmento asteater in aerobic asteater treatment plants
BASELINE SCENARIOVenting or aring o CO. Use o unblended LP uel resulting inhigh CO emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o all or part o the astedCO to produce DME. This DMEis supplied to LP processingacilities or blending purpose.Thus, use o LP is reduced.
Fossil fuel
Flrin/Ventin
LPG LPG Consumer
COG
Col Coke
CO
CO
CO
Fossil fuel LPG Blended LPG Consumer
COG Flrin/Ventin
Col Coke
CO
CO
CO
AM0081 Flare or vent reduction at coke plants through the conversiono their aste gas into dimethyl ether or use as a uel
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0082 Use o charcoal rom planted reneable biomass in theiron ore reduction process through the establishment o a ne ironore reduction system
Typical project(s) Use reneable reducing agents such as charcoal produced rom dedicated plantationsinstead o ossil uel based reducing agents, in the iron ore reduction process using blasturnace technology. The project should include one or combination o the olloing ne
investment types: investment in dedicated plantations or the supply o reducing agents;or establishment o specic long-term binding contracts or the supply o reducingagents; or reurbishment/replacement o blast urnace; or establishment/acquisition o blast urnace; or adaptation o existing blast urnace to the use o charcoal.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Sitch to a reneable source o carbon or the reduction o iron in blast urnaces.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Therenewablebiomassusedforcharcoalproductionoriginatesfromadedicated plantation in a tropical location o the host country here ood irrigation is not
expected to take place;• Thededicatedplantationsshouldbelocatedinthehostcountryandunderthe
control o project participants either directly oned or controlled through a longterm contract;
• Evidenceshouldbeavailabletodemonstratethatthelandofdedicatedplantationalls into one o the olloing categories: grasslands; orest plantation afer its lastrotation or degraded areas;
• Parametersrelatedtoemissionsfromreducingagentsproduction(carbonization and coal distillation);
• Parametersrelatedtoironorereductionfacilitysuchasfuel/reducingagentconsumption, their emission actors, hot metal produced and its carbon content etc.
BASELINE SCENARIOThe hot metal in iron and steelplant is produced using reducingagents o ossil uel origin, resultinginto high amount o CO emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe ne iron ore reduction systempartially or ully replaces ossil-uel-based reducing agent ithcharcoal o reneable origin,resulting into reduction o CO emissions.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Landlled aste is treated aerobically on-site by means o air venting (overdraing) orlo pressure aeration ith the objective o avoiding anaerobic degradation processes.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.The project avoids CH4 emissions rom landlls.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that co-res biomass residues ith ossiluel and supplies electricity to the grid or partial replacement o ossil uel by biomass tooperate an existing poer plant that supplies electricity to the grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0086 Installation o zero energy ater purier or saedrinking ater application
Typical project(s) water puriers and their consumable cleaning kits, both o hich do not utilize any
energy or puriying the ater as per the applicable national standard or the sae drinkingater, are sold to consumers and used in a specic geographical area.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more H intensive technology/technique used or the puricationo ater.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifthemanufacturerofzero-energywaterpuriersandconsumablecleaningkitsis a dierent entity than the seller, a contractual agreement beteen them is needed;
• Thetotalmarketpenetrationofallzero-energywaterpuriersisnotmorethan1% in each project area dened under project;
BASELINE SCENARIOEnergy consuming applicationsto produce sae drinking aterill continue to be used inthe households o a specicgeographical area.
PROJECT SCENARIOThe zero-energy purier displacesthe current technologies/techniques or generation o sae drinking ater in thehouseholds o a specicgeographical area.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o a natural-gas-red poer plant that supplies electricity to a grid and/oran existing acility that is also connected to the grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Lowcarbonelectricity.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided by more-carbon-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
history o at least three years, and the electricity is supplied through a dedicatedelectric line.
Important parameters At validation:
• Emissionfactorofbaselineelectricity,derivedfromanemissionfactorofthepowergrid, the poer generation technology that ould most likely be used in theabsence o the project, or the one currently used at the existing acility.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AM0088 Air separation using cryogenic energy recoveredrom the vaporization o LN
Typical project(s) The construction and operation o a ne air separation plant that utilizes thecryogenic energy recovered rom a ne or existing LN vaporization plant or theair separation process.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction in heat consumption or LN vaporization and uels/electricity use in airseparation plants.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thepurityoftheoxygenandnitrogenproducedbythenewairseparationplant is equal to or higher than 99.5%;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Production o petro/reneable diesel by sitching the eedstock o hydrodesulphurizationprocess (HDS) unit rom % gasoil to a mixture o gasoil and vegetable oil in anexisting renery, here the vegetable oil comes rom oilseeds rom plants that are
cultivated on dedicated plantations established on lands that are degraded or degradingat the start o the project.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy;• Feedstockswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive eedstock or the production o diesel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
baseline scenario and any combustible gases and o-gases ormed during the
hydrogenation o vegetable oil have to be ared or used in the renery as uel;• Thepetro/renewabledieselisnotexportedtoanAnnexIcountry.
Important parameters At validation:
• RatiobetweentheamountofrenewabledieselproducedandvegetableoilfedintoHDS unit, density o reneable diesel.
Monitored:
• AmountofvegetableoilfedtoHDSunit,volumeofH consumed in the HDS unitand amount o petro/reneable diesel produced by the project;
• Projectemissionsfromtransportofoilseedsand/orvegetableoilifdistancesmorethan 5 km are covered; ossil uel and electricity consumption o the vegetableoil production plant;
• Leakageemissionsrelatedtotheupstreamemissionsofexcessnaturalgasandpositive leakage associated ith the avoided production o petrodiesel;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Transportation o cargo using barges, ships or trains.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o a more-carbon-intensive transportation mode.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theownerofthecargoisoneoftheprojectparticipants.Iftheentityinvestingin the project is not the oner o the cargo, it should also be a project participant;
• Theprojectshouldhavemadeatleastoneofthefollowingnewinvestments:directinvestment in ne inrastructure or ater transportation or or rail transportation, orreurbishment/replacement o existing ater and rail transportation inrastructure orequipments, ith transport capacity expansion;
• Thecargotype,transportationmode,andtransportationroutesoftheprojectaredened at the validation o the project and no change is alloed thereafer;
• Bothinthebaselineandproject,onlyonetypeofcargoistransportedandnomix o cargo is permitted.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Project activities implementing energy eciency measures and/or uel sitching in nebuilding units (residential, commercial, and/or institutional building units). Examples o the measures include ecient appliances, ecient thermal envelope, ecient lightingsystems, ecient heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, passive solardesign, optimal shading, building energy management systems (BEMS), and intelligentenergy metering.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• EnergyEciency.Electricity and/or uel savings through energy eciency improvement. Use o less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Buildingunitsshouldbelongtoresidential,commercialandinstitutionalcategories as dened in methodology;
• Eligiblesourcesofemissionsincludeconsumptionofelectricity,fossilfuel,andchilled ater as ell as leakage o rerigerant used in the building units;
• Biogas,biomassorcogenerationsystemsshouldnotbethesourceofthermalorelectrical energy or project building units and chilled/hot ater systems used orproject building units;
• Alltheprojectbuildingunitsmustcomplywithallapplicablenationalenergystandards (e.g. building codes) i they exist and are enorced.
Important parameters At validation:• Theinformationonbaselinebuildingsinthecontrolgroup;• Emissionfactorsoffuelusedinbaselinebuildings;• Defaultshareofenergyusecategoryofecientappliancesfromthetotalbuilding
energy consumption (e.g. X% lighting, Y% air conditioning, Z% ater heating, etc.);
and electricity consumption in project and baseline buildings;
• Emissionfactorsandcaloricvaluesoffuels.
BASELINE SCENARIOResidential, commercial and
institutional building units (similarto those constructed and thenoccupied in the last ve years)ill result in higher emissions dueto uel, electricity and chilled/hotater consumption.
PROJECT SCENARIOEnergy ecient residential,commercial and institutionalbuilding units ill result intoloer emissions due to less
consumption o uel, electricityand chilled/hot ater.
COBuildinsFossil fuel Electricit Chilled/hot
Fossil fuel
CO
Electricit Chilled/hot
B ui ld in s E ffici en c
COBuildins
AM0091 Energy eciency technologies anduel sitching in ne buildings
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Projects activities that reduce PFC emissions through replacement o C 2F6 ith c-CF (octa-uoro-cyclo-butane) as a gas or in-situ cleaning o CVD reactors in thesemiconductor industry.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelorfeedstockswitch.Displacement o C2F6 ith c-CF.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Productionlinesincludedintheprojectboundarystartedcommercialoperationbefore January 00 and have an operational history o at least three years prior to theimplementation o the project activity, during hich the original PFC gas as C2F6;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Landlled aste is treated aerobically on-site by means o passive aeration ith theobjective o avoiding anaerobic degradation processes.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.The project avoids CH emissions rom landlls.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
shall ensure that the project consumers do not claim any CERs rom the use o stoveand/or heater and biomass briquettes.
Important parameters At validation:• Percentageofbiomassusedasafuelforcookingpurposesorheatingpurposes,on
energy basis, in project area(s);• Proportionoffuel(s)usedinthestovesorheatersinprojectarea(s)inthebaseline;• Proportionofstoveorheatertype(s)usedinprojectarea(s)inthebaseline.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Project activities that construct and operate a captive or grid-connected combined cycleelectricity generation poer plant in a greeneld iron and steel plant, using aste gassuch as blast urnace gas, coke oven gas, and converter gas sourced rom the same acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.waste energy recovery in order to displace more-carbon-intensive source o energy.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Specicationsofcokeovenandironandsteelplanthasbeendeterminedbefore the project activity is considered;
• Theprojectparticipantshavetodemonstratethatthelevelofuseofwastegasforpoer production in the iron and steel plant is the same in absence o and afer theimplementation o the CDM project activity.
Important parameters At validation:• Dataonwastegasbasedelectricitygenerationintop20%Rankinecyclebasedpower
plant in other iron and steel plants;• EnergyEciencyofwastegasbasedRankinecyclebasedpowerplantsiniron&steel
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o an abatement system in an existing semiconductor manuacturing acilityor the abatement o CF rom the semiconductor etching process.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o CF emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• ApplicabletoexistingproductionlineswithoutCF abatement device installed andhere CF as being vented in the last three years;
• CF is not temporarily stored or consumed or subsequent abatement;
• CF abatement at the same industrial site here the CF is used; and CF to beabated is not imported rom other acilities;
Important parameters At validation:• AmountofCF consumed in years prior to the implementation o the project activity;• Amountofsemiconductorsubstrateproducedinyearspriortotheimplementationof
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) • InstallationofGreeneldHighVoltageDirectCurrent(HVDC)powertransmissionline/s or transmission o poer rom point o origin/supply to the point o receipt; or
existing grids by the construction o a ne piece o HVDC transmission line.
Important parameters At validation:
• Datarequiredforsimulationsowaretocalculatetechnicallossesofbaselinetransmission line. This includes voltage, length, inductance, capacitance, andsub-station spacing o baseline transmission line.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Utilization o ammonia-plant o gas (AO), hich as being vented, or heat generationat an existing ammonia production plant.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• AOGisonlyusedtogeneratesteamtomeetheatdemandsintheexistingammoniaproduction plant and/or in nearby acilities in the same project site;
• Amount o AO vented rom the start o operations at the existing ammonia productionplant until the implementation o the project activity shall be demonstrated;
• Regulationsofthehostcountrydonotprohibittheventingofgaseswiththephysical and chemical characteristics o the AO.
Important parameters At validation:• Volume o AO vented by the existing ammonia production acility in historical years;• Totalproductionofammoniainhistoricalyears;• AveragevolumefractionofmethaneintheAOGinhistoricalyears.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture o landll gas (LF) and its aring and/or use to produce energy and/or use tosupply consumers through natural gas distribution netork.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that uses reneable energy sources andsupplies electricity to the grid (greeneld poer plant). Retrot, replacement or capacityaddition o an existing poer plant is also applicable.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the grid by more-H-intensivemeans.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• The project poer plant is using one o the olloing sources: hydro, ind,geothermal, solar, ave or tidal poer. Biomass-red poer plants are not applicable;
• Inthecaseofcapacityadditions,retrotsorreplacements,theexistingpowerplantstarted commercial operation prior to the start o a minimum historical reerenceperiod o ve years, and no capacity expansion or retrot o the plant has been
undertaken beteen the start o this minimum historical reerence period and theimplementation o the project;
• Incaseofhydropower,theprojecthastobeimplementedinanexistingreservoir,ith no change in the volume o reservoir, or the project has to be implementedin an existing reservoir, here the volume o reservoir is increased and the poerdensity is greater than 4 w/m, or the project results in ne reservoirs and the poerdensity is greater than 4 w/m.
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Electricitysuppliedtothegridbytheproject;
• Ifapplicable:methaneemissionsoftheproject.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity provided to the gridby more-H-intensive means.
PROJECT SCENARIODisplacement o electricityprovided to the grid by more-H-intensive means byinstallation o a ne reneablepoer plant or the retrot,replacement or capacityaddition o an existingreneable poer plant.
ACM0002 Consolidated baseline methodology orgrid-connected electricity generation rom reneable sources
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Partial replacement o ossil uels in an existing clinker or quicklime production acility byless-carbon-intensive ossil uel or alternative uel (e.g. astes or biomass residues).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch;• Renewableenergy.Reduction o H emissions by sitching rom carbon-intensive uel to less-carbon-intensive or alternative uel; H emission avoidance by preventing disposal oruncontrolled burning o biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Noalternativefuelshavebeenusedintheprojectfacilityduringthelastthreeyearsprior to the start o the project;
• Quantityandnetcaloricvalueofalternativefueland/orless-carbon-intensive ossil uel used in the project plant;
• Quantityofclinkerorquicklimeproduced.
BASELINE SCENARIOClinker or quicklime is producedusing more-carbon-intensiveuel and/or decay or uncontrolledburning o biomass leads to CH4 emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOClinker or quicklime is produced
using less-carbon-intensive ueland/or alternative uel and/orbiomass is combusted.
Cement/Quicklime
Biomss
Burnin
Disposl
CO
CH
Fossil fuel
Cement/Quicklime
Biomss
Alterntive
COFossil fuel
Fossil fuel
H
Disposl
Burnin
CH
ACM0003
ACM0003 Emissions reduction through partial substitution o ossil uels ith alternative uels or less carbon intensive uelsin cement or quicklime manuacture
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) eneration o poer and heat in thermal poer plants, including cogeneration plantsusing biomass residues. Typical activities are ne plant, capacity expansion, energyeciency improvements or uel sitch projects.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive electricity generation in grid or heat andelectricity generation on-site. Avoidance o methane emissions rom anaerobic decayo biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifbiomassfromaproductionprocessisused,theimplementationofthe project shall not result in an increase o the processing capacity o ra input;
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity and heat ould beproduced by more-carbon-intensive technologies based onossil uel or less-ecient biomasspoer and heat plants. Biomassresidues could partly decay underanaerobic conditions, bringingabout methane emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass residues or poerand heat generation instead o ossil uel or increaseo the eciency o biomass-uelled poer and heat plants.Biomass residues are used asuel and decay o biomassresidues is avoided.
ACM0006 Consolidated methodology or electricityand heat generation rom biomass residues
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture and destruction o coal bed methane, coal mine methane or ventilation airmethane through oxidation or energy generation, rom ne or existing coal mines.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectparticipantsmustbeabletosupplythenecessarydataforex ante projectionso methane demand;
BASELINE SCENARIOMethane rom coal miningactivities is vented into theatmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane rom coal miningactivities is captured anddestroyed using oxidation orused or poer or heat generation.
CHCol CH Relese
Ener
CO
Col CH
Flrin
Relese CH
ACM0008
ACM0008 Consolidated methodology or coal bed methane, coal minemethane and ventilation air methane capture and use or poer (electrical or motive) and heat and/or destruction through aring or ameless oxidation
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Manure management on livestock arms (cattle, bualo, sine, sheep, goats, and/orpoultry) here the existing anaerobic manure treatment system is replaced by oneor a combination o more than one animal aste management systems that result inless H emissions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOCoal and/or petroleum uel is usedto generate electricity.
PROJECT SCENARIONatural gas is used to generateelectricity.
Electricit
Power plntFossil fuel
C
CO
Consumer
Electricit
CO
Electricit
Power plnt
Consumer
Electricit
Nturl s
H
Fossil fuel
ACM0011
ACM0011 Consolidated baseline methodology or uel sitchingrom coal and/or petroleum uels to natural gas in existing poer plantsor electricity generation
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Energy rom aste heat, aste gas or aste pressure in an existing or ne industrialacility is recovered and used or in-house consumption or or export, by installationo a ne poer and/or heat and/or mechanical energy generation equipment , or byinstallation o a more-ecient electricity generation equipment than already existing.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.waste energy recovery in order to displace more-carbon-intensive energy/technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Intheabsenceoftheproject,allwasteenergywouldbearedorreleasedintotheatmosphere. In case o partial use o the aste energy in the baseline situation, theproject increases the share o used aste energy;
• Forcapacityexpansionprojects,thenewcapacityshouldbetreatedasnewfacilityand thereore the applicable guidance or baseline scenario determination, capping
o baseline emissions and demonstration o use o aste energy in absence o theCDM project, should be olloed;
• Anocialagreementisrequiredbetweenthegeneratingfacilityandtherecipientacility o energy generated by project, in case they are dierent entities.
continue to supply heat/electricity/mechanical energy to the
applications o the recipient acilityand unrecovered energy rom
aste energy source ill continueto be asted.
PROJECT SCENARIOHeat/electricity/mechanicalenergy are generated byrecovery o energy rom a asteenergy source and are suppliedto the grid an/or applications inthe recipient acility.
Production
Electricit
Het
Wste ener
Mechnicl
Relese
CO
Production
Relese
Ener
Electricit
Het
CO
Wste ener
Ener
Mechnicl
ACM0012
ACM0012 Consolidated baseline methodology or H emissionreductions rom aste energy recovery projects
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a ne ossil uel red poer plant that supplies electricityto the grid using more-ecient poer generation technology than ould otherise beused ith the given ossil uel (e.g. construction o a supercritical coal red poer plant).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Construction o a highly ecient ne grid-connected ossil-uel-red poer plant.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
ACM0014
Typical project(s) Treatment o industrial asteater in a ne anaerobic digester, capture and aringor utilizing o the generated biogas or electricity or heat generation; or deatering o industrial asteater and application to land; or treatment o industrial asteater inthe same treatment plant as in the baseline situation but treatment o the sludge romprimary and/or secondary settler either in a ne anaerobic digester or treatment o sludge under clearly aerobic conditions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theaveragedepthoftheopenlagoonsorsludgepitsinthebaselinescenariois at least one metre;
BASELINE SCENARIOExisting asteater treatmentsystem results in release o methane into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Capture o methane in theasteater treatment systemresults in less H emissions.
In case o energetic use o methane, displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.In case that asteater isdeatered (Dww), then output isused or land application resultingin release o methane into theatmosphere.
ACM0014 Mitigation o greenhouse gas emissionsrom treatment o industrial asteater
BASELINE SCENARIORa materials that containcalcium and/or magnesiumcarbonates (e.g. limestone)are used to produce clinker.
PROJECT SCENARIOAlternative ra materials thatdo not contain carbonates (AMC)are used to produce clinker.
COClinker
Fossil fuel
Crbontes
Electricit
Clinker CO
Fossil fuel
Crbontes
AMC
Electricit
ACM0015
ACM0015 Consolidated baseline and monitoring methodology or project activities using alternative ra materials that do not containcarbonates or clinker production in cement kilns
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Establishment and operation o rail-based or bus-based mass rapid transit systemsin urban or suburban regions or passenger transport by replacing a traditional urbanbus-driven public transport system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H and, i gaseous uels are used, CH4-intensive transport modes(existing eet o buses operating under mixed trac conditions) by less-H-intensive ones (nely developed rail-based systems or segregated bus lanes).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojecteitherinstallsnewrailwaysorsegregatedbuslanesinordertoreplaceexisting bus routes (e.g. by scrapping buses, closing or rescheduling bus routes).For bus rapid transit systems ith eeder plus trunk routes, methodology AMis recommended;
• Themethodologyisapplicableforurbanorsuburbantrips.Itisnotapplicableor inter-urban transport and it cannot be used in areas here currently no publictransport is available;
• Themethodologyisnotapplicableforoperationalimprovements(e.g.newor larger buses) o an already existing and operating bus lane or rail-based system.
Important parameters At validation:
• Anextensivesurveywiththepassengersusingtheprojectisrequiredin order to determine the baseline scenario (i.e. the distance and mode o transportthat the passengers using the project ould have used in the baseline).
Monitored:
• Thenumberofpassengerstransportedintheproject;
• Specicfuelconsumption,occupancyratesandtravelleddistancesofdierenttransport modes as ell as the speed o vehicles on aected roads.
BASELINE SCENARIOPassengers are transportedusing a diverse transport systeminvolving buses, trains, cars,non-motorized transport modes,etc. operating under mixed tracconditions.
PROJECT SCENARIOPassengers are transported
using nely developed rail-basedsystems or segregated buslanes that partially displace theexisting bus-driven transportsystem operated under mixedtrac conditions.
CO
Trin Bus
Cr Motorccle
Trin Bus
Bus
Cr Motorccle
COTrin
ACM0016
ACM0016 Baseline methodology or mass rapid transit projects
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
ACM0017
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a biodiesel production plant or production o blendedbiodiesel that is used as uel in existing stationary installations (e.g. diesel generators)and/or in vehicles. Biodiesel is produced rom aste oil/at and/or vegetable oilthat is produced rom oilseeds rom plants that are cultivated on dedicated plantationsestablished on lands that are degraded or degrading at the start o the project.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in vehicles and/orstationary installations.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
are necessary to consume/combust the (blended) biodiesel;• Ifapplicable,theplantationsareestablishedonlandclassiedasdegradedor
degrading or on a land area that is included in the project boundary o one orseveral registered A/R CDM project activities;
• Consumerandproducerofthe(blended)biodieselareboundbyacontractthatallos the producer to monitor consumption o (blended) biodiesel and thatstates that the consumer shall not claim CERs resulting rom its consumption.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Quantityofbiodieselfromwasteoil/fatorfeedstockfromdedicatedplantationsconsumed by host country consumers to substitute petrodiesel;
• Projectemissionsfromtransportofoilseeds,biomassresidues,vegetableoil, aste oil/ats, biodiesel i distances o more than 5 km are covered; ossil uel
(including methanol) and electricity consumption;• Ifapplicable,parameterstomonitorprojectemissions(CO, CH4, NO) associated ith
the cultivation o oilseeds.
BASELINE SCENARIOConsumption o petrodiesel.
PROJECT SCENARIOProduction o blended biodieseland consumption in existing
stationary installations (e.g. dieselgenerators) and/or in vehicles .
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) eneration o poer using biomass residues as uel, in ne biomass based poerplants at sites here currently no poer generation occurs (greeneld), replacement orinstallation o operation units next to existing poer plants (capacity expansion projects),energy eciency improvement projects or replacement o ossil uel by biomass residuesin existing poer plants (uel sitch projects).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy;Displacement o more H-intensive electricity generation in the grid or on-site.Avoidance o methane emissions rom anaerobic decay o biomass residues.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifbiomassfromaproductionprocessisused,theimplementationoftheproject shall not result in an increase o the processing capacity o ra input;
(e.g. by means o esterication o aste oils, ermentation and gasication, etc.) arenot eligible under this methodology. The biomass residues can hoever be processedphysically such as by means o drying, pelletization, shredding and briquetting.
electricity and ossil uel consumption o the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity ould be producedby more-carbon-intensivetechnologies based on ossil uelor less ecient poer plants.Biomass residues could partiallydecay under anaerobic conditions,resulting in methane emissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o biomass residues replacesossil uel use. Decay o biomassresidues used as uel is avoided.
Electricit
Biomss
CO
CHBurninDisposl
Fossil fuel Grid
CH
Fossil fuel CO
Electricit
Biomss BurninDisposl
Grid
Renewble
ACM0018
ACM0018 Consolidated methodology or electricity generationrom biomass residues in poer-only plants
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Project activities that introduce NO abatement measures in nitric acid plants.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• DestructionofGHG.Destruction o NO emissions through abatement measures.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Continuousreal-timemeasurementsoftheNO concentration and the total gasvolume o can be carried out in the tail gas stream afer the abatement o NOemissions throughout the crediting period o the project activity;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Operation o a single piece o biomass-residue co-red heat generation equipment. Theheat output o the heat generators may be used onsite to produce electric poer in poer-only plants, or cogenerate electric poer in cogeneration plants. Typical activities are partialreplacement o ossil uels by biomass residues in existing or ne heat generation equipment.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive electricity generation in grid or heat and electricitygeneration on-site.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifbiomassfromaproductionprocessisused,theimplementationoftheproject shall not result in an increase o the processing capacity o ra input;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Reneable electricity generation such as solar, hydro, ind or biomass gasicationare implemented by the users as ne installations (greeneld) or replacement o existing onsite ossil-uel-red generation.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive service (e.g. rerigeration or lighting).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOServices (e.g. lighting andrerigeration) are provided
using ossil-uel-basedtechnologies (e.g. kerosene
lamps and diesel generators).
PROJECT SCENARIOElectricity is produced byusers using reneable energytechnologies (e.g. solar homesystems or lighting, ind batterychargers or poering domesticappliances).
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o reneable energy technologies such as hydropoer, ind poer andother technologies that provide mechanical energy that otherise ould have beensupplied ith ossil-uel-based energy. Mechanical energy is used on-site by individualhousehold(s) or user(s). Typical applications are ind-poered pumps, ater mills andind mills. The project may also produce electricity in addition to mechanical energy.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil-uel-based generation o mechanical poer.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Operatingcharacteristicsoftheprojectsystem(e.g.headvs.dischargeandeciencyo irrigation pump) should be similar to or better than the system being replaced orthat ould have been replaced.
Important parameters Monitored:• Anannualcheckofallsystemsorasamplethereoftoensurethattheyare
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-I.C.
Typical project(s) Thermal energy production using reneable energy sources including biomass-basedcogeneration (heat/poer). Projects that seek to retrot or modiy existing acilities orreneable energy generation are also applicable.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive thermal energy production, displacement o more-H-intensive heat and poer generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Energyproductionusingbiomass-basedcogenerationsystemsiseligible. Electricity/heat is supplied to a captive use and/or to other acilities. Electricity canalso be supplied to the grid;
• Ifsolidbiomassisused,ithastobedemonstratedthatsolelyrenewablebiomass is used. I charcoal or biomass uel is used, all project or leakage emissions
(e.g. release o methane) rom the uel production have to be considered.
Important parameters At validation:
• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Themoisturecontentofbiomassofhomogeneousqualitymaybexedex-ante or monitored or each batch o biomass i the emission reductions are calculatedbased on energy input;
• Thermalenergy(massow,temperature,pressureforheat/cooling)delivered by the project and the amount o grid and/or captive electricity displaced;
BASELINE SCENARIOEnergy production (heat or heatand poer) by more-carbon-intensive technologies basedon ossil uel. In case o retrotsor capacity addition, operationo existing reneable poer
units ithout retrot and capacityaddition.
PROJECT SCENARIOEnergy generation by installationo ne reneable energygeneration units, by retrotting orreplacement o existing renewableenergy generation units as wellas by sitch rom ossil uel tobiomass in modied existingacilities.
AMS-I.C. Thermal energy production ith or ithout electricity
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o a poer plant that uses reneable energy sources andsupplies electricity to the grid (greeneld poer plant) or retrot, replacement or capacityaddition o an existing poer plant that uses reneable energy sources and supplieselectricity to the grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the grid by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Combinedheatandpowergenerationisnoteligible(AMS I.C can be used here);
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-I.E.
Typical project(s) eneration o thermal energy by introducing reneable energy technologies or end-users that displace the use o non-reneable biomass. Examples o these technologiesinclude but are not limited to biogas stoves, solar cookers or passive solar homes and saedrinking ater applications.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive, non-reneable biomass-uelled applications byintroducing reneable energy technologies.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectparticipantsshalldeterminetheshareofrenewableandnon-renewableoody biomass in the quantity o oody biomass used in the absence o theproject.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Biennialcheckofeciencyoftheprojectappliances(e.g.byrepresentativesample)and monitoring o the quantity o reneable biomass used by the project;
• Leakage:theamountofwoodybiomasssavedundertheprojectthatisusedbynon-project households/users (ho previously used reneable energy sources) shallbe assessed rom surveys;
• Ifapplicable:volumeofdrinkingwaterperpersonanddayusingsurveymethodsand compliance o the ater quality ith relevant national or international (wHO,US-EPA) microbiological ater quality guidelines/standards.
BASELINE SCENARIOThermal energy would beproduced by more-H-intensivemeans based on the use o non-reneable biomass.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o reneable energytechnologies or thermal energygeneration, displacing non-reneable biomass use.
AMS-I.E. Sitch rom non-reneable biomassor thermal applications by the user
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Production o electricity using reneable energy technologies such as photovoltaic, hydro,tidal/ave, ind, geothermal and reneable biomass that supply electricity to user(s).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o electricity that ould be provided to the user(s) by more-H-intensive means.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectwilldisplaceelectricityfromanelectricitydistributionsystemthatisorould have been supplied by at least one ossil uel red generating unit;
• Electricityisproducedbyinstallinganewpowerplant(greeneld)orbycapacityaddition/retrot/replacement o (an) existing plant(s);
BASELINE SCENARIOElectricity ould have beensupplied by one or more energysources such as a national or aregional grid or a ossil-uel-redcaptive poer plant or a carbon-
intensive mini-grid.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Electricity is supplied usingreneable energy technologies.
CO
Fossil fuel
Consumer
Power plnt
Electricit
Grid
CO
Fossil fuel
ConsumerElectricitRenewble
Power plnt
Grid
AMS-I.F.
AMS-I.F. Reneable electricity generation or captive useand mini-grid
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-I.G.
Typical project(s) Plant oil production that is used or generation o thermal, mechanical and electricalenergy in stationary equipment including cogeneration. The plant oil is produced rompressed and ltered oilseeds rom plants that are cultivated on dedicated plantations.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in stationary installations.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Biodiesel is produced rom oilseeds cultivated on dedicated plantations and rom asteoil/at and used to generate thermal; mechanical or electrical energy in equipmentincluding cogeneration.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in stationary installations.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
the “Tool or the identication o degraded or degrading lands or consideration
in implementing CDM A/R project” or on area included in the project boundary o one or several registered A/R CDM project activities. Plantations established onpeatlands are not eligible.
transport o oilseeds i distances o more than km are covered.
BASELINE SCENARIOServices (e.g. electricity, thermaland mechanical energy supply)are provided using ossil uelbased technologies.
PROJECT SCENARIOBiodiesel is produced romcultivated oil crops or romaste oil/at and used orthe generation o electricity,thermal or mechanical energydisplacing ossil uel.
Fossil fuel
CO
Ener
Electricit Het Mechnicl
Plnttion
CO
Electricit Het MechniclWste oil
Plnt oil
Fossil fuel Ener
Biodiesel
Biodiesel
AMS-I.H.
AMS-I.H. Biodiesel production and use or energy generationin stationary applications
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Activities or generation o reneable thermal energy using reneable biomass or biogasor use in residential, commercial and institutional applications. Examples o thesetechnologies that displace or avoid ossil uel use include but are not limited to biogascook stoves, biomass briquette cook stoves, small scale baking and drying systems, aterheating, or space heating systems.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Renewableenergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive thermal energy generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-II.A.
Typical project(s) Technical energy losses are reduced through energy eciency measures such asupgrading the voltage on a transmission/distribution system, replacing existingtransormers ith more ecient transormers (e.g. replacement o a silicon steel coretransormer ith an amorphous metal transormer) in electrical transmission/distributionsystem or improving pipe insulation in a district heating system. The project may bethe upgrade/replacement o an existing distribution system or be part o an expansiono an existing system.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology ith higher eciency reduces electrical or thermal energy losses and therebyH emissions.
measuring standards are available, technical losses shall be determined by a peerrevieed method.
BASELINE SCENARIO
Electrical/thermal energy istransmitted and distributed usingless-ecient energy system.
PROJECT SCENARIOReducing technical losses and
thereby H emissions throughinstallation o a ne energy-ecient distribution/transmissionequipment/system and/or retroto the existing less-ecientequipment/system.
AMS-II.A. Supply side energy eciency improvements –transmission and distribution
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Introduction o more-ecient electricity and/or thermal energy generation units orcomplete replacement o existing poer stations, district heating plants and cogenerationunits by ne equipment ith a higher eciency or retrotting o existing ossil-uel-redgenerating units in order to increase their eciency.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Technology ith higher eciency reduces ossil uel consumption or energy generationand thereby reduces H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-II.C.
Typical project(s) Demand side energy eciency activities, e.g. adoption o ecient lamps, ballasts,rerigerators, motors, ans, air conditioners, pumping systems at many sites.Technologies may replace existing equipment or be installed at ne sites (greeneld).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive service by use o more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ratedcapacityoroutputorlevelofservice(e.g.lightoutput,wateroutput,roomtemperature and comort, the rated output capacity o air conditioners, etc.) is notsignicantly smaller (maximum -%) than the baseline or signicantly larger(maximum + 5%) than the baseline;
Important parameters At validation:• Ifapplicable:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Monitoringshallincludeannualchecksofasampleofnon-meteredsystemstoensure that they are still operating;
• Recordingthe“power”ofthedeviceinstalledandmeteringasampleoftheunitsinstalled or their operating hours using run time meters; or metering the “energyuse” o an appropriate sample o the devices installed.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Installation o, or replacement or retrot o, existing equipment ith energy eciency(e.g. ecient appliances, better insulation) and optional uel sitching (e.g. sitch romoil to gas) measures in residential, commercial or institutional buildings.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Electricity and/or uel savings through energy eciency improvement.Optionally, use o less-carbon-intensive uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
can be clearly distinguished rom changes in energy use due to other variables notinuenced by the project.
Important parameters At validation:• Energyuseofbuildingsbeforetheprojectimplementation;• Ifgridelectricityisconsumed:gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Specicationsoftheequipmentreplacedorretrotted(onlyforreplacement or retrot projects);
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-II.G.
Typical project(s) Introduction o high-ecient thermal energy generation units utilizing non-reneablebiomass or retrotting o existing units (e.g. complete replacement o existingbiomass red cook stoves or ovens or dryers ith more-ecient appliances) reducesuse o non-reneable biomass or combustion.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement or energy eciency enhancement o existing heat generation units resultsin saving o non-reneable biomass and reduction o H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Energy eciency improvement o an electricity or thermal energy generation unit,hich is based on recovery o aste energy rom a single source at an industrial, miningor mineral production acility.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Enhancement o aste energy recovery to replace more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOContinuation o the use o aless-ecient aste energyrecovery system.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o a more-ecient asteenergy recovery system, thusleading to higher energy gainsand thereby replacement o energy provided by more-H-intensive means.
Fossil fuel
Ener EnerHet
Production
Electricit
CO
Fossil fuel
Uprde
CO
Ener EnerHet
Production
Electricit
AMS-II.I.
AMS-II.I. Ecient utilization o aste energy in industrial acilities
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-II.J.
Typical project(s) Activities or adoption o sel-ballasted compact uorescent lamps (CFLs) to replaceincandescent lamps (ICLs) in residential applications.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive lighting by technology sitch.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TotallumenoutputoftheCFLshouldbeequaltoormorethanthatoftheICL being replaced and CFLs shall, in addition to the standard lamp specications,be marked or clear unique identication or the project;
• AveragelifeorratedaveragelifeoftheCFLsshallbeknownexante.IEC60969(SelfBallasted Lamps or eneral Lighting Services - Perormance Requirements)or an equivalent national standard shall be used to determine the average lie;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-II.K.
Typical project(s) Installation o ossil-uel-based cogeneration or trigeneration systems. eneratedelectricity and cooling, and/or heating are supplied to commercial, non-industrial buildings.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Electricity and/or uel savings through energy eciency improvement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Applicabletoinstallationofnewsystemsthatreplaceorsupplementexistingsystems that supply electricity (grid or on-site generation) and cooling (e.g. chillers)and/or heating systems (e.g. boilers) or electricity and cooling and/or heatingsystems that ould have been built and utilized;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Adoption o energy ecient lamps and/or xture combinations to replace less ecientlamps and/or xture combinations in public- or utility-oned street lighting systems.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• EnergyEciency.Displacement o less-ecient lighting by more-ecient technology.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-II.M.
Typical project(s) Activities or direct installation o lo-o hot ater savings devices used in residentialbuildings e.g. lo-o shoerheads, kitchen aucets and bathroom aucets.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
Energy Eciency.• Fuelorelectricitysavingsthroughtheinstallationoflow-owhotwatersavingsdevices.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
BASELINE SCENARIOLess ecient hot ater devicesare used in residential buildings.More ater, that requires heatingby electricity or ossil uel, isconsumed.
PROJECT SCENARIOEcient (lo-o) hot aterdevices replace less ecient hotater devices thus reducing theamount o ater that requiresheating by electricity or ossil uel.
AMS-II.M. Demand-side energy eciency activities orinstallation o lo-o hot ater savings devices
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.A.
AMS-III.A. Osetting o synthetic nitrogen ertilizers byinoculant application in legumes-grass rotations on acidicsoils on existing cropland
Typical project(s) Application o inoculant on legumes in a legumes-grass rotation cropping on acidic soilson existing cropland substitutes and reduces the production and use o synthetic nitrogenertilizer use.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Application o inoculant displaces more-H-intensive production o syntheticnitrogen ertilizers.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thefarmersparticipatinghavegrownlegumesandgrassinalegumes-grassrotationin the previous three complete rotations ithout using any inoculant as a ertilizeror legumes, but have used synthetic nitrogen ertilizer or ertilizing legumes;
• Onlythelegume-rhizobiabacteria(inoculant)combinationsspeciedinthe methodology are eligible;
• Foreachfarmertakingpartintheproject,reliableandveriabledataontheamount o synthetic nitrogen ertilizer used, separately or each crop type, in the previous threecomplete rotations o legumes and grass cropping, shall be available;
• Nochangeinthetypesofcropcultivatedtakesplace.Inboththebaselineandprojectsituation legumes and grass are cultivated in rotations. No other changes in armingpractices aecting ertilizer application, except the change in application o inoculantand synthetic nitrogen ertilizer, are taking place during the crediting period.
applied (chemical ertilizers as ell as organic ertilizers);
• Cropyieldpercropperhectare;
• Independentthirdpartyeldvisitsarealsorequiredatdierentstages (e.g. at planting, right beore oering etc.).
BASELINE SCENARIOProduction and use o syntheticnitrogen ertilizer results in Hemissions.
PROJECT SCENARIOUse o legume-rhizobia bacteria(inoculant) substitutes/reduces theuse o synthetic nitrogen ertilizerreducing H emissions in theertilizer production process.
It is possible to directly measure and record the energy use/output (e.g. heat andelectricity) and consumption (e.g. ossil uel) ithin the project boundary.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Operation o electric and hybrid vehicles or providing transportation services.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectandbaselinevehiclesshouldbelongtothesamevehiclecategory.Vehiclesunder a category have comparable passenger/load capacity and poer rating ithvariation o no more than +/- %;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.D.
Typical project(s) Replacement or modication o existing anaerobic manure management systems inlivestock arms, or treatment o manure collected rom several arms in a centralized plantto achieve methane recovery and destruction by aring/combustion or energetic use o the recovered methane.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.H destruction and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Manureorthestreamsobtainedaertreatmentarenotdischargedintonatural ater resources (e.g. river or estuaries);
• Inthebaselinescenariotheretentiontimeofmanurewasteintheanaerobictreatment system is greater than one month, and in case o anaerobic lagoonsin the baseline, their depths are at least m;
transportation, should not exceed 45 days beore being ed into the anaerobicdigester, unless it can be demonstrated that the dry matter content o the manurehen removed rom the animal barns is more than %.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.E.
Typical project(s) Decay o the astes that ould have been lef to decay or are already deposited in aaste disposal site is prevented through controlled combustion; or gasication to producesyngas/producer gas; or mechanical/thermal treatment to produce reuse-derived uel(RDF) or stabilized biomass (SB).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance;Avoidance o methane emissions due to prevention o anaerobic decay o biomassin aste. Use o biomass in aste as energy source.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• TheproducedRDF/SBshallbeusedforcombustioneitheronsiteoro-site;• IncaseofRDF/SBproduction,noGHGemissionsoccurotherthanbiogenicCO, due
to chemical reactions during the thermal treatment process or example limiting thetemperature o thermal treatment to prevent the occurrence o pyrolysis and/or the
stack gas analysis;• Incaseofgasication,allsyngasproducedshallbecombustedandnotreleased
unburned into the atmosphere;
• Duringthemechanical/thermaltreatmenttoproduceRDF/SBnochemicalorotheradditives shall be used.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Amountofwastecombusted,gasiedormechanically/thermallytreatedbytheproject, as ell as its composition through representative sampling;
• Quantityofauxiliaryfuelusedandthenon-biomasscarboncontentofthewaste or RDF/SB combusted;
• Electricityconsumptionand/orgeneration.
BASELINE SCENARIOOrganic aste is lef to decayand methane is emitted into theatmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane emissions ill beavoided through controlledcombustion, gasication ormechanical/thermal treatment o the astes. In case o energeticuse o organic aste, displacemento more-H-intensive energygeneration.
AMS-III.E. Avoidance o methane production rom decay o biomass through controlled combustion, gasication or mechanical/thermal treatment
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Climate Change
AMS-III.F.
Typical project(s) Controlled biological treatment o biomass or other organic matter is introduced throughaerobic treatment by composting and proper soil application o the compost.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Capture and combustion o methane rom landlls used or disposal o residuesrom human activities including municipal, industrial and other solid astes containingbiodegradable organic matter.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane and more-H-intensive service displacement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Baselineemissionsshallexcludemethaneemissionsthatwouldhavetoberemovedto comply ith national or local saety requirement or legal regulations.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.H.
Typical project(s) Recovery o biogas resulting rom anaerobic decay o organic matter in asteatersthrough introduction o anaerobic treatment system or asteater and/or sludgetreatment.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGdestruction.Destruction o methane emissions and displacement o more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Anaerobiclagoonsshouldbedeeperthan2metres,withoutaeration,ambienttemperature above 5°C, at least during part o the year, on a monthly averagebasis. The minimum interval beteen to consecutive sludge removal events shallbe days;
• Indeterminingbaselineemissions,historicalrecordsofatleastoneyearpriorto the project implementation shall be available. Otherise, a representative
gas distribution grid or distributed via a dedicated piped netork).
BASELINE SCENARIO
Methane rom the decay o organic matter in asteateror sludge is being emittedinto the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane is recovered and
destroyed due to the introductiono ne or modication o existingasteater or sludge treatmentsystem. In case o energetic useo biogas, displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
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Typical project(s) Avoidance o production o methane rom organic matter in asteater being treatedin anaerobic systems. Due to the project, the anaerobic systems (ithout methanerecovery) are substituted by aerobic biological systems.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o methane emissions rom anaerobic decay o organic matter in asteater.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Inordertodeterminebaselineemissions,atleaseoneyearofhistoricaldataisrequired. Otherise, a -day measurement campaign should be carried out.
Important parameters At validation:
• CODremovaleciencyofthebaselinesystem.
Monitored:
• AmountofCODtreatedinthewastewatertreatmentplant(s),amountofwastewaterentering and/or exiting the project;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
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Typical project(s) Sitch rom CO o ossil origin to a source o CO rom reneable origin.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Avoidance o ossil uel combustion to provide CO by the use o CO that is generatedrom reneable sources.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• CO rom combustion o reneable biomass ould have been emitted into theatmosphere and not otherise used;
• ThegenerationofCO rom ossil or mineral sources in the baseline is only or thepurpose o CO production to be used or the production o inorganic compounds;
• CO rom ossil or mineral sources that is used or the production o inorganiccompounds prior to the project ill not be emitted into the atmosphere hen theproject is in place.
BASELINE SCENARIOBiomass is transormed intocharcoal. Methane is emittedin the process.
PROJECT SCENARIOBiomass is transormed intocharcoal. Methane is recoveredand combusted. In case o energetic use o methane,displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
CHCHBiomss Chrcol Relese
Ener
CH
Flrin
Biomss Chrcol
CHRelese
AMS-III.K.
AMS-III.K. Avoidance o methane release rom charcoalproduction by shifing rom traditional open-ended methods tomechanized charcoaling process
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.L.
AMS-III.L. Avoidance o methane production rom biomass decaythrough controlled pyrolysis
Typical project(s) Avoidance o the production o methane rom organic matter that would haveotherwise been lef to decay under anaerobic conditions in a solid waste disposalsite without methane recovery. Due to the project, decay is prevented throughcontrolled pyrolysis.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.H emission avoidance and replacement o more-H-intensive service by pyrolysiso organic matter.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
clearly anaerobic conditions ina solid aste disposal site andthe produced methane is beingreleased into the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane production due to
anaerobic decay o organic matterill be avoided through controlledpyrolysis. In case o energetic useo products (e.g. pyrolysis gas oroil), displacement o more-H-intensive energy generation.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Recovery o caustic soda rom aste black liquor generated in paper manuacturing.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Reduction o production o caustic soda and thereby reduction o electricity consumptionby recovery o caustic soda rom black liquor.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Quantityofresiduesproduced,portionofresidueusedfortheproductionoflimeand portion o residue that is disposed in a solid aste disposal site.
BASELINE SCENARIOBlack liquor rom paperproduction is asted. Muchelectricity is needed toproduce caustic soda that is
consumed in the paper mill.
PROJECT SCENARIOCaustic soda is recovered romblack liquor to displace equivalentquantity o purchased causticsoda. Less electricity is requiredor recovery.
Pper Disposl
El ect ri ci t C us ti c s od
Custic sod Blck liquor
CO
CO
Custic sod
Recclin
Pper
Disposl
El ect ri ci t C us ti c s od
Custic sod Blck liquor
AMS-III.M.
AMS-III.M. Reduction in consumption o electricity by recoveringsoda rom paper manuacturing process
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
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AMS-III.O.
AMS-III.O. Hydrogen production using methane extracted rom biogas
Typical project(s) Installation o biogas purication system to isolate methane rom biogas or the production
o hydrogen displacing LP as both eedstock and uel in a hydrogen productionunit. Examples are the installation o a biogas purication system to isolate methanerom biogas hich is being ared in the baseline situation or installation o a biogaspurication system in combination ith installation o ne measures that recovermethane rom organic matter rom aste ater treatment plants or landlls, usingtechnologies/measures covered in AMS III.H. or AMS III..
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelandfeedstockswitch.Fuel and eed stock sitch to reduce consumption o ossil uel.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Thismethodologyisnotapplicabletotechnologiesdisplacingtheproduction o hydrogen rom electrolysis;
• Themethodologyisonlyapplicableifitcanbeensuredthatthereisnodiversion o biogas that is already being used or thermal or electrical energy generationor utilized in any other (chemical) process in the baseline.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.P.
AMS-III.P. Recovery and utilization o aste gas in renery acilities
Typical project(s) Implementation o aste gas recovery in an existing renery, here aste gas iscurrently being ared, to generate process heat in element process(es).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive heat production.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Proofthattherecoveredwastegasintheabsenceoftheprojectwasared(evidenceor the last three years). Baseline emissions are capped either at the historicalthree-year average or its estimation;
• Wastegasisnotcombinedwithadditionalfuelgasorrenerygasbetweenrecoveryand its mixing ith a uel-gas system or its direct use;
an existing practice. I the project is an incremental gain, the dierence in thetechnology beore and afer implementation o the project should be clearly shon.
• Dataneededtocalculatetheemissionfactorsofelectricalenergyconsumedbythe project, either rom the captive poer plant or imported rom grid as ell asthe amount and composition o recovered aste gas (e.g. density, LHV) and dataneeded to calculate the emission actors rom ossil uels used or process heating
and steam generation ithin the renery.
BASELINE SCENARIOElement process(es) ill continueto supply process heat, using
ossil uel. The aste gases romthe renery are ared.
PROJECT SCENARIOElement process(es) ill be uelledith aste gas, replacing ossiluel usage.
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Typical project(s) Utilization o aste energy at existing acilities as an energy source or producingelectrical/thermal/mechanical energy, including cogeneration.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction o H emissions by energy recovery.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Iftheprojectisimplementedatanexistingfacility,demonstrationoftheuseofaste energy in the absence o the project shall be based on historic inormation;
• Itshallbedemonstratedthatthewastegas/heatorwastepressureutilizedintheproject ould have been ared or released into the atmosphere in the absence o the project.
BASELINE SCENARIOEnergy is obtained rom H-intensive energy sources (e.g.electricity is obtained rom aspecic existing poer plant orrom the grid, mechanical energyis obtained by electric motorsand heat rom a ossil-uel-basedelement process [e.g. steam boiler,
hot ater generator, hotair generator, hot oil generator]).
PROJECT SCENARIOwaste energy is utilized toproduce electrical/thermal/mechanical energy to displace
H-intensive energy sources.
Production
Electricit
Het
Wste ener
Mechnicl
Relese
CO
Production
Relese
Ener
Electricit
Het
CO
Wste ener
Ener
Mechnicl
AMS-III.Q.
AMS-III.Q. waste energy recovery (gas/heat/pressure) projects
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AMS-III.S.
AMS-III.S. Introduction o lo-emission vehicles/technologiesto commercial vehicle eets
Typical project(s) Introduction and operation o new less-greenhouse-gas-emitting vehicles (e.g. CN,LP, electric or hybrid) or commercial passengers and reight transport, operatingon a number o routes with comparable conditions. Retrotting o existing vehiclesis also applicable.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thelevelofserviceprovidedoneachroutebeforeprojectimplementationshallremain the same and a modal shif in transport is not eligible;
• Thereisnosignicantchangeintaridiscerniblefromtheirnaturaltrend,whichcould lead to change in patterns o vehicle use;
• Thecharacteristicsofthetravelroute–distance,startandendpointsandtherouteitsel and/or the capacity introduced by the project is sucient to service the level o passenger/reight transportation previously provided.
Important parameters At validation:• Eciencyofbaselinevehicles(canalsobemonitoredexpost).
Monitored:
• Totalannualdistancetravelledandpassengersorgoodstransportedbyproject and baseline vehicles on xed route;
• Annualaveragedistanceoftransportationperpersonortonneoffreightper baseline and project vehicle;
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AMS-III.T.
AMS-III.T. Plant oil production and use or transport applications
Typical project(s) Plant oil production that is used or transportation applications, here the plant oil is producedrom pressed and ltered oilseeds rom plants that are cultivated on dedicated plantations.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive petrodiesel or transport.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Oilcropsarecultivatedonareathatisnotaforestandhasnotbeendeforestedduring the last years prior to the implementation o the project;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.U.
AMS-III.U. Cable Cars or Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS)
Typical project(s) Construction and operation o cable cars or urban transport o passengers substitutingtraditional road-based transport trips. Extensions o existing cable cars are not alloed.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Fuelswitch.Displacement o more-H-intensive vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Introduction o dust/sludge-recycling system such as Rotary Hearth Furnace (RHF),waelz, and Primus to produce DRI pellet, hich is ed into the blast urnace o steelorks in order to reduce coke consumption.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Decreased use o coke as reducing agent by recycling dust/sludge in the orm o DRI pellets.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thedust/sludgeisnotcurrentlyutilizedinsidetheworksbutsoldoutside and/or land lled;
• “Alternativematerial”thatcanbeusedbythe“outsideuser”insteadofthe dust/sludge is abundant in the country/region;
BASELINE SCENARIOHigh amounts o coke are used toproduce pig iron, thus leading tohigh CO emissions. Dust/sludge
rom steel orks is sold to outsideuser and/or land-lled.
PROJECT SCENARIOLess coke is used to producepig iron. This leads to loerCO emissions. Dust/sludge istransormed into DRI pelletshich are reused as input in thispigiron production.
IronCoke
Dust/slude Disposl
CO
IronCoke
Dust/slude
CO
DRI pelletsRecclin
Disposl
AMS-III.V.
AMS-III.V. Decrease o coke consumption in blast urnaceby installing dust/sludge recycling system in steel orks
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Replacement o existing, unctional domestic rerigerators by more-ecient units andrecovery/destruction o HFCs rom the rerigerant and the oam.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• GHGemissionavoidance;• GHGdestruction.H emission avoidance by re-use o rerigerant or H destruction combined ithan increase in energy eciency.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectrefrigerantsandfoam-blowingagentshavenoozonedepletingpotentialozone depleting potential and a global arming potential loer than 5;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Avoidance or reduction o methane production rom anaerobic asteater treatments systemsand anaerobic manure management systems here the volatile solids are removed and theseparated solids are urther treated/used/disposed to result in loer methane emissions.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o methane emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Sitch to a more-energy-ecient brick production process and/or sitch rom ossil uelto reneable biomass or less-carbon-intensive ossil uel.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency;• Renewableenergy;• Fuelswitch.Reduction o emissions rom decreased energy consumption per brick produced and rom theuse o uels ith loer carbon intensity, either at an existing brick kiln or at a ne acility.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Retrot o the engine o existing/used vehicles or commercial passengers transport (e.g.buses, motorized rickshas, taxis) hich results in increased uel eciency o the vehicles.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Energy eciency measures in transportation reduce H emissions due to decreased uelconsumption.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thevehiclesforpassengertransportationareofthesametype,usethesame uel and single type o retrot technology;
• Themethodologyisnotapplicabletobrandnewvehicles/technologies (e.g. CN, LP, electric or hybrid vehicles);
• Thevehiclesshalloperateduringthebaselineandprojectoncomparableroutes ith similar trac situations.
cabinets charged ith rerigerants ith high wP or at least three years and hasnot been using rerigerants ith a lo wP in signicant quantities prior to the starto the project.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) eneration o electricity and/or heat using uel cell technology using natural gas aseedstock to supply electricity to existing or ne users or to a grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive electricity or electricity and heat generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
(the molten carbonate, the electrodes, etc.) during the crediting period, there shall
be no signicant changes in the eciency or capacity o the uel cell technologyused in the project due to the replacement. The lietime o the uel cell shall beassessed in accordance ith the procedures described in eneral uideline toSSC methodologies.
BASELINE SCENARIOOther technologies that ouldhave been used in absenceo the project and/or grid importsare supplying electricity and/orheat to ne users or to a grid.
PROJECT SCENARIONatural gas as eedstock is usedor hydrogen production hich is
then used in a uel cell technologyto produce heat/electricitydisplacing alternative technologiesand thereore reducing baselineemissions.
AMS-III.AC.
AMS-III.AC. Electricity and/or heat generation using uel cell
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Production o alternative hydraulic lime or construction purposes by blending a certainamount o conventional hydraulic lime ith alternative material and additives.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Feedstockswitch.Reduction o production o hydraulic lime and thereby reduction o ossil uel use andelectricity consumption during the production process.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
Important parameters At validation:• Monthlyelectricityconsumptionofbaselineandprojectresidences;• Gridemissionfactor(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• MonthlyHDDandCDDforbaselineandprojectresidences;• Baselineandprojectresidencecharacteristics.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
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Typical project(s) Avoidance o methane emissions rom MSw that is already deposited in a closed solidaste disposal site (SwDS) ithout methane recovery. Due to the project, non-inertmaterial ill be composed through pre-aeration, excavation and separation o the MSwin the closed SwDS, so that methane emissions ill be avoided.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Methane emissions rom anaerobic decay o organic matter in municipal solid aste isavoided by alternative aste treatment (i.e. composting).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thismethodologyisapplicableiftheaerobicpre-treatmentisrealizedeitherthrough high pressure air injection enriched ith oxygen (-4% vol.) or lopressure aeration using ambient air;
BASELINE SCENARIOMSw is lef to decay ithin theSwDS and methane is emittedinto the atmosphere.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane emissions ill beavoided by applying pre-aeration and excavation o existing SwDS, olloedby separation and compostingo non-inert materials.
AMS-III.AF.
AMS-III.AF. Avoidance o methane emissions through excavatingand composting o partially decayed municipal solid aste (MSw)
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Sitch rom high carbon grid electricity to electricity generation using less-carbon-intensive ossil uel such as captive natural-gas-based poer generation.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Sitch to a less-carbon-intensive uel or poer generation.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisprimarilytheswitchfromfossil-fuel-basedelectricitygeneration,supplied partly or entirely by the grid, to a single, lo-H ossil uel at greeneldor existing acilities;
• Cogeneration(e.g.gasturbinewithheatrecovery)isallowedprovidedthat the emission reductions are claimed only or the electricity output;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Replacement or retrot in order to increase the share o less-carbon-intensive ossil uelsin an element process o industrial, residential or commercial applications.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Sitch to less-carbon-intensive uel in energy conversion processes.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Recovery o sulphuric acid rom ‘spent sulphuric acid’ here the neutralization o spentacid ith hydrated lime or lime stone and the associated CO emissions in the existingacility are avoided.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGemissionavoidance.Avoidance o neutralization o spent acid and o related H emissions.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) HDPE, LDPE and PET plastic materials are recycled rom municipal solid astes (MSw)and processed into intermediate or nished products (e.g. plastic bags).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Reduction o production o HDPE, LDPE and PET rom virgin materials, thus reducingrelated energy consumption.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Recyclingprocessmaybeaccomplishedmanuallyand/orusingmechanicalequipment and includes ashing, drying, compaction, shredding and pelletizing;
• Emissionreductionscanonlybeclaimedforthedierenceinenergyusefor the production o HDPE/LDPE/PET products rom virgin inputs versus productionrom recycled material;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.AL.
AMS-III.AL. Conversion rom single cycle to combinedcycle poer generation
Typical project(s) Conversion o an existing single-cycle gas turbine(s) or internal combustion engine(s)ith or ithout cogeneration system to a combined-cycle system ith or ithoutcogeneration to produce additional electricity or captive use and/or supply to a grid.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Energyeciency.Fuel savings through energy eciency improvement.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectutilizesexcessheat(e.g.gasturbine/engineexhaustheat)thatwaspreviously unused or at least three years beore the start o the project;
turbine/engine system (no increase o the lietime or capacity o the system).
Important parameters At validation:• Emissionfactorofthegrid(canalsobemonitoredexpost);• Averagenetannualelectricitygenerationoftheexistingsysteminthethreeyears
immediately prior to the project start;
• Averageannualfuelconsumptionoftheexistingsysteminthethreeyearsimmediately prior to the project start.
Electricity is generated bya single-cycle gas turbine(s)/engine(s) ith or ithoutsimultaneous generation o thermal energy (steam orhot ater).
PROJECT SCENARIOThe existing single-cycle gasturbine(s) is converted to acombined-cycle gas turbine(s)/engine(s) or more ecientelectricity generation ith orithout simultaneous generationo thermal energy (steam orhot ater).
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AMS-III.AM.
AMS-III.AM. Fossil uel sitch in a cogeneration/trigeneration system
Typical project(s) Fossil uel sitching rom a carbon-intensive ossil uel to a lo-carbon-intensive ossiluel in a ne or existing cogeneration/trigeneration system(e.g. sitching rom coal tonatural gas in a cogeneration/trigeneration unit).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• Fuelswitch.Displacement o a more-H-intensive service.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Fuelinputeciency(thermalandelectricityoutput/fuelinput)isbetter(oratleastequal) to the baseline one;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The project activity is the controlled biological treatment o biomass or other organicmatters through anaerobic digestion in closed reactors equipped ith biogas recoveryand a combustion/aring system.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Ifforoneormoresourcesofsubstrates,itcannotbedemonstratedthattheorganicmatter ould otherise been lef to decay anaerobically, baseline emissions relatedto such organic matter shall be accounted or as zero;
• Theprojectactivitydoesnotrecoverorcombustlandllgasfromthedisposalsite(unlike AMS-III.), and does not undertake controlled combustion o the aste thatis not treated biologically in a rst step (unlike AMS-III.E).
Important parameters At validation:
• Thelocationandcharacteristicsofthedisposalsiteofthebiomassusedfordigestion, in the baseline condition.
BASELINE SCENARIOBiomass or other organic matterould have otherise been lefto decay anaerobically.
PROJECT SCENARIOBiological treatment o biomassor other organic mattersthrough anaerobic digestionin closed reactors equippedith biogas recovery anda combustion/aring system
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Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Demand side activities associated ith the installation o post-t type Idling Stop devicesin passenger vehicles used or public transport (e.g. buses).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• EnergyEciency.Reduction o ossil uel use and corresponding emissions through energy eciencyimprovements.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Production o Biogenic Compressed Natural as (Bio-CN) rom reneable biomassand use in transportation applications. The Bio-CN is derived rom various sources suchas biomass rom dedicated plantations; aste ater treatment; manure management;biomass residues.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableEnergy.Displacement o more-H-intensive ossil uel or combustion in vehicles.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Bio-CNGisusedinCompressedNaturalGas(CNG)vehicles,modied gasoline vehicles. Diesel vehicles are not included;
• MethanecontentoftheBio-CNGmeetsrelevantnationalregulationsora minimum o 9 % (by volume);
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Activities that replace portable ossil uel based lamps (e.g. ick-based kerosene lanterns)ith LED based lighting systems in residential and non-residential applications (e.g.ambient lights, task lights, portable lights).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• RenewableenergyandEnergyeeciency.Displacement o more-H-intensive service (lighting).
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectlampswhosebatteriesarechargedusingoneofthefollowingoptions:(a) Charged by reneable energy system (e.g. photovoltaic systems or mechanical
systems such as ind battery chargers);(b) Charged by a standalone distributed generation system (e.g. a diesel generator
set) or a mini-grid;(c) Charged by a grid that is connected to regional/national grid;
• Projectlampsshallbecertiedbytheirmanufacturertohavearatedaveragelife o at least 5, hours. The project lamps battery charging eciency, at the timeo purchase, is at least 5 %;
the project activity to no more than ve per household (or residential applications)or per business location (e.g. or commercial applications such as shops).
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Activities or uel sitching (complete or partial) rom the use o carbon intensive energysource (or a mix o energy sources) o ossil origin to reneable biomass or a mix o reneable biomass and ossil uel in existing manuacturing acilities (e.g. steel, ceramics,aluminium, lime, clinker production).
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• FuelSwitch.Complete or partial sitch rom ossil uel to biomass in non-energy applications.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Cropsfromrenewablebiomassoriginarecultivatedonanareawhichisclassiedas degraded or degrading as per the “Tool or the identication o degraded or
degrading lands or consideration in implementing CDM A/R project activities”or on an area included in the project boundary o one or several registered A/RCDM project activities. Plantations established on peatlands are not eligible;
installation o digital tachograph systems is mandatory by la;• Project participants shall identiy the traceable routes along hich the vehicles operate,
the characteristics o those routes, the level o service on each route, the vehiclesthat are in use on each traceable route beore and afer project implementation.
or that highly-enorced anti-idling policies or legislation have been put into place;• Monitoringtoensurethatalltachographandfeedbacksystemsareoperating
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) The olloing project activities are included:a) Rice arms that change the ater regime during the cultivation period rom
continuously to intermittent ooded conditions and/or a shortened period o oodedconditions;
b) Alternate etting and drying method and aerobic rice cultivation methods; andc) Rice arms that change their rice cultivation practice rom transplanted to direct
seeded rice.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGformationavoidance.Reduced anaerobic decomposition o organic matter in rice cropping soils.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology is
applicable
• Ricecultivationintheprojectareaispredominantlycharacterizedbyirrigated, ooded elds or an extended period o time during the groing season;
BASELINE SCENARIOeneration o methane due toanaerobic decomposition o organic matter in rice croppingsoils.
PROJECT SCENARIOMethane ormation avoidance,or example, by changingthe ater regime duringthe cultivation period romcontinuously to intermittentooded conditions and/or ashortened period o oodedconditions.
CHReleseRice eld
Uprde
CHMnement ReleseRice eld
AMS-III.AU.
AMS-III.AU. Methane emission reduction by adjustedater management practice in rice cultivation
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Project activities that introduce lo H emitting ater purication systems todisplace ater boiling using non-reneable biomass or ossil uels.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
Displacement o a more-H-intensive output.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Priortotheimplementationoftheprojectactivity,apublicdistributionnetworkofsafedrinking ater does not exist ithin the total project area (or part o the project area);
• Forprojecttechnology/equipmentwithlifespanshorterthanthecreditingperiod o project activity documented measures to ensure the replacement o thepurication system ith one ith comparable quality shall be put in place;
• Forprojectactivitiesinruralorurbanareaswherethetotalamountofpuriedwaterunder the project is eligible to claim credits, it shall be demonstrated that equal toor less than % o rural population uses an improved drinking ater source.
Important parameters Monitored:
• Checkingofappliancestoensurethattheyarestilloperatingorarereplacedby an equivalent;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
The following conditions and information are relevant
for all A/R methodologies and are applicable in addition
to the conditions listed in the methodology summaries:
• Vegetation cover on the land eligible for project
must have been below the forest threshold5
on 31 December 1989. This needs to be proven
(e.g. using satellite image or participatory rural
appraisal (PRA));
• No tree vegetation is expected to emerge
without human intervention to form a forest
on the project land;
• Project start date must be January 1, 2000 or later.
• In absence of the project, carbon stocks of the
carbon pools not considered in the project are
expected to decrease or increase less relative
to the project scenario.
A/R CDM projects result in t-CERs and l-CERs.
A/R methodologies can be distinguished as large-scale
and small-scale. Small-scale A/R methodologies provide
simplied approaches for project setup and monitoring.
Small-scale A/R projects must full the following
conditions:
(1) Net anthropogenic GHG removals by sinks must
be less than 16,000 tonnes of CO2 per year; and
(2) The projects must be developed or implemented
by low-income communities and individuals as
determined by the host Party.
If an A/R CDM project activity does not meet these criteria
a large scale methodology has to be applied.
3.1. introduCtion to
methodologies for a/r
Cdm ProJeCt aCtivities
5 The host country determines the forest denition which lies within the following thresholds:A single minimum tree crown cover value between 10 and 30%; and a single minimum landarea value between 0.05 and 1 hectare; and a single minimum tree height value between2 and 5 metres
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, deadood, litter, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Noleakage:theprojectdoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded agricultural lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Sitepreparationdoesnotcausesignicantlong-termnetdecreasesinsoil carbon stocks or increase in non-CO emissions rom soil;
• TheA/RCDMprojectactivityisimplementedonlandwheretherearenoother on-going or planned aorestation/reorestation activities.
Important parameters At validation:• Ex-anteestimatesforpre-projectcarbonstocksinbiomass;• Annualincrements,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolume
equations, root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AR-AM0005
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded grasslands or industrial and/or commercial uses.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedgrasslandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegraded or to be partly aorested and/or reorested at a rate observed in theperiods prior to the A/R CDM project activity;
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Landstobeaorestedorreforesteddonotcontainorganicsoilsanddonotfall into etland “wetlands”, “settlements”, “cropland” and “grassland” are landcategories as dened in the ood Practice uidance or Land Use, Land-use Changeand Forestry (IPCC, ). category;
less in the absence o the project activity, relative to the project scenario;• Theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtodisplacementofpre-projectactivitiesoutside
the project boundary, or the increase in H emissions due to displacement o pre-project activities is insignicant.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AR-AM0007
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o agricultural and pastoral lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally deadood, litter and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsfollowingaperiodofdecreasingintensity o agricultural and pastoral activities and the trend o decrease is expectedto continue in absence o the project;
volume equations, root-shoot ratio, basic wood density, and carbon raction oreach included tree species or species group and optionally or planted non-treewoody vegetation (shrubs).
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AR-AM0009
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded grasslands potentially with silvopastoral activities.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally deadood, litter and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedgrasslandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegraded ithout human intervention;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o land containing polyculture, possibly including perennialtree crops and/or allo periods ith oody regroth.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedonlandsubjectedtopolyculturesinwhichthefallowpart o the cycle is completed and all the existing vegetation present on the parcelsis expected to be cleared or the next production cycle;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation or reorestation o degraded agricultural lands or abandonedagricultural lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestion and reorestation o lands other than etlands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
H removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo ground biomass, and optionally: deadood, litter, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Thelandsubjecttotheprojectactivitydoesnotfallintowetlandcategory (as dened in “Annex A: lossary” o the IPCC P LULUCF );
• SoildisturbanceattributabletotheA/RCDMprojectactivitydoesnotexceed10% o area in each o the olloing types o land, hen these lands are included ithinthe project boundary:(a) Land containing organic soils as dened in “Annex A: lossary” o the
IPCC P LULUCF ;(b) Land hich, in the baseline, is subjected to land-use and management
practices and receives inputs listed in the methodology (e.g. ertilizers);• Thepoolsselectedforaccountingofcarbonstockchangesintheprojectactivity
are the same as the pools or accounting o carbon stock changes in the baseline.
Important parameters • Areaforested(byspecies);areaofsampleplots;• Diameter,andpossiblyheight,ofplantedtrees;• Optionally:diameterofpiecesofdeadwood,litterbiomassperunitarea.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands may or may not bedegraded; lands may contain ae trees but are not orested;some signs o human activities
are visible, e.g. ood collection.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Forests are standing on lands;some dead ood is also visible.Land is more densely ooded(e.g. grass/litter can be seen onthe ground) compared to thebaseline scenario. The same signso human activities (as under thebaseline) are visible, e.g. oodcollection.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Derded
Biomss
Forest
Settlement A ric ulture
Grsslnd
Wetlnd
BiomssPlntin
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Settlement
Ariculture
Grsslnd
AR-AM0013
AR-AM0013 Aorestation and reorestation o landsother than etlands
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o degraded lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and optionally deadood, litter, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedlandsthatareexpectedtoremaindegradedor to continue to degrade in the absence o the project;
• Ifatleastapartoftheprojectactivityisimplementedonorganicsoils,drainageofthese soils is not alloed and not more than % o their area may be disturbed asresult o soil preparation or planting;
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o grasslands or croplands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground and beloground tree and oody perennials biomass, and belo-ground biomass o grasslands.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o settlement lands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedonsettlementlands,e.g.landsalongroads,powerlines,pipelines, aterays, or lands under urban or rural amenities such as gardens,elds, parks, etc;
• Theareasusedforagriculturalactivitieswithintheprojectboundary,anddisplaceddue to the project activity, are less than 5 per cent o the total project area;
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswhere≤10%ofthetotalsurfaceprojectarea is disturbed as result o soil preparation or planting.
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
AR-AMS0003
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o etlands.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomassand belo-ground biomass.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Theprojectisimplementedondegradedwetlands,whichmaybesubjecttofurtherdegradation and have tree and/or non tree component that is declining or in a locarbon steady-state;
• Theprojectisrestrictedtodegradedintertidalwetlands,undraineddegradedpeatsamps, degraded ood plain areas on inorganic soils, and seasonally oodedareas on the margin o ater bodies/reservoirs;
comprises o herbaceous species in its natural state;• Directmeasuresshallnotleadtochangesinhydrologyofland(e.g.nodrainage,
ooding, digging or ditch blocking);
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswhereinthepre-projectsituation,areasused or agricultural activities (other than grazing) ithin the project boundary arenot greater than % o the total project area;
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswheredisplacementofgrazinganimalsdoes not result in leakage;
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonlandswhere<1 0%ofthetotalsurfaceprojectarea is disturbed as result o soil preparation or planting. Hoever, in project areasith organic soils, site preparation activities such as ploughing and drainage beoreor afer the trees are planted are not alloed.
Important parameters At validation:• Annualincrement,allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswith
• Implementationoftheprojectdoesnotleadtomorethan20%decreaseinthe pre-project area o cultivated crops;
• Noleakage:theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolumeequations,root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are agricultural land.rasslands are not alloed.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands,ith agricultural intercropping.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Biomss
Forest
Ariculture
Grsslnd
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Biomss
Plntin
Ar. ctivit
AR-AMS0004
AR-AMS0004 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologyor small-scale agroorestry – aorestation and reorestationproject activities under the clean development mechanism
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)United Nations
Frameork Convention on
Climate Change
Typical project(s) Aorestation/reorestation o lands having lo inherent potential to support living biomass.
Type o GHG emissionsmitigation action
• GHGremovalbysinks.CO removal by increasing carbon stocks in the olloing pools: above-ground biomass,belo-ground biomass, and soil organic carbon.
Important conditions underwhich the methodology isapplicable
• Projectactivitiesareimplementedonareashavinglowinherentpotentialtosupport living biomass ithout human intervention, i.e. sand dunes, bare lands,contaminated or mine spoils lands, or highly alkaline or saline soils;
• Noleakage:theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolumeequations,root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded; bare, sanddunes, contaminated or minespoils lands, or highly alkalineor saline soils ith lo biomasscontent.
PROJECT SCENARIO
Forests are planted on lands.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest
Contminted Alkline/Sline
Derded
Snd dunes
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Plntin Biomss
AR-AMS0005
AR-AMS0005 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologyor small-scale aorestation and reorestation project activitiesunder the clean development mechanism implemented on landshaving lo inherent potential to support living biomass
% o the threshold or cron cover reported to the EB by the host Party;
• Noleakage:theprojectactivitydoesnotleadtoashiofpre-projectactivitiesoutside the project boundary.
Important parameters At validation:
• Allometricequationsorbiomassexpansionfactorswithvolumeequations,root-shoot ratio, basic ood density, and carbon raction or tree species/species group.
BASELINE SCENARIOLands are degraded agriculturallands or grasslands.
PROJECT SCENARIOForests are planted on lands.Project activities include animalgrazing.
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
BiomssGrss lnd A ric ulture
Derded
Forest
ACTIVITIESLAND COVER
Forest Biomss
Plntin
Grzin
AR-AMS0006
AR-AMS0006 Simplied baseline and monitoring methodologyor small-scale silvopastoral – aorestation and reorestationproject activities under the clean development mechanism
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
lossr
Additionality A CDM project is additional i anthropogenic emissions o H by sources are reduced belo
those that ould have occurred in the absence o the proposed project.
Aorestation “Aorestation” is the direct human-induced conversion o land that has not been orested or a period
o at least 0 years to orested land through planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion
o natural seed sources.
Capacity addition A capacity addition is an increase in the installed poer generation capacity o an existing poer
plant through the installation o a ne poer plant beside the existing poer plant/units, or the
installation o ne poer units, additional to the existing poer plant/units. The existing poer
plant/units continue to operate afer the implementation o the project activity.
Capacity increase A (minor) increase in the design capacity due to the installation o improved equipment compared
to the original design.
Captive generation Captive generation is dened as generation o electricity in a poer plant that supplies electricity
only to consumer(s) or multiple consumers and not to the electricity grid. The consumer(s) or
multiple consumers are either located directly at the site o the poer plant or are connected through
dedicated electricity line(s) ith the poer plant but not via the electricity grid.
Baseline (scenario) A baseline scenario or a CDM project is the scenario that reasonably represents H emissions
that ould occur in the absence o the proposed project.
Biomass Biomass means non-ossilized and biodegradable organic material originating rom plants, animals
and micro-organisms. This shall also include products, by-products, residues and aste romagriculture, orestry and related industries as ell as the non-ossilized and biodegradable organic
ractions o industrial and municipal astes. Biomass also includes gases and liquids recovered
rom the decomposition o non-ossilized and biodegradable organic material.
Biomass, non-renewable Biomass, not ullling the conditions o reneable biomass, is considered as non-reneable.
Biomass, renewable Biomass is “reneable” i one o ve conditions applies. These are described in the CDM glossary
(see reneable biomass <https://cdm.unccc.int/Reerence/glossary.html>)
Biomass, residues Biomass that is a by-product, residue or aste stream rom agriculture, orestry and related
industries.
Carbon sequestration Carbon sequestration is dened as a biological, chemical or physical process o removing carbon rom
the atmosphere and depositing it in a reservoir.
Cogeneration A cogeneration plant is a heat and poer generation plant in hich at least one heat engine
simultaneously generates both heat and poer. I poer, heat and cooling is provided at the same
time, the term tri-generation is used instead o co-generation.
Degraded land Land degradation is a long-term decline in ecosystem unction and productivity and measured in
terms o net primary productivity. All orms o land degradation ill ultimately lead to a reduction
o soil ertility and productivity. The general eect is reduced plant groth, hich in turn causes loss
o protective soil cover and increased vulnerability o soil and vegetation to urther degradation
(e.g. erosion).
Emission actor An emission actor is dened as the measure o the average amount o H emitted to the
atmosphere by a specic process, uel, equipment, or source.
general glossary
Explanations on general terminologies used in this booklet
are listed below. For terminologies specic to a certain
methodology, please refer to the denition section of thefull methodology. A specic glossary for A/R methodolgies
CDM Methodology Booklet November 2011 (up to EB 63)
lossr
Energy eciency Energy eciency is dened as the improvement in the service provided per unit poer, that is,
project activities hich increase unit output o traction, ork, electricity, heat, light (or uel) per
Mw input are energy eciency project activities.
Feedstoc Ra material used in manuacture. Can be gaseous, liquid or solid.
Fossil uel Fuels ormed by natural resources such as anaerobic decomposition o buried dead organisms
(e.g. coal, oil, and natural gas).
Greenfeld reeneld activities reer to the construction o a ne acility at a location here previously no acility
exists. E.g. construction o ne poer plant here previously no poer generation activity exists.
Greenhouse gas ases in an atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation ithin the thermal inrared range, hich is
the undamental cause o the greenhouse eect.
Grid The grid or electricity system is an interconnected netork or delivering electricity rom suppliers
to consumers. It includes all poer plants that are physically connected through transmission and
distribution lines.
Industrial gases reenhouse gases originating rom chemical production processes that are not naturally occurring.
In addition, N2O rom chemical production processes is included in this group o greenhouse gases.
Land use, land-use change
and orestry
A H inventory sector that covers emissions and removals o H resulting rom direct
human-induced land use, land-use change and orestry activities.
Leaage The net change o anthropogenic emissions by sources o H
that occurs outside the project boundary, and hich is measurable and attributable to the project.
Low-carbon electricity Electricity that is generated ith a less-H-intensive uel than in the baseline (e.g., natural gas in
the project, and coal in the baseline).
Merit order A ay o ranking available poer plants in ascending order o their short-run marginal costs o
production, so that those ith the loest marginal costs are the rst ones to be brought on line to
meet demand and the plants ith the highest marginal costs are the last to be brought on line.
Project boundary A project boundary encompasses all anthropogenic emissions by sources o H, or geographically
delineates an aorestation or reorestation project, under the control o the project participants that
are signicant and reasonably attributable to the project.Reorestation “Reorestation” is the direct human-induced conversion o non-orested land to orested land through
planting, seeding and/or the human-induced promotion o natural seed sources, on land that
as orested but that has been converted to non-orested land. For the rst commitment period,
reorestation activities ill be limited to reorestation occurring on those lands that did not contain
orest on 31 December 1.
Renewable energy Energy that comes rom natural resources such as sunlight, ind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat,
hich are reneable (naturally replenished).
Retroft To modiy existing acilities (e.g. manuacturing acility) hich are already in service using ne,
improved or more ecient parts and equipment developed or made available afer the time o
original manuacture or installation o the acility.
Sectoral scope The CDM Accreditation Panel adopted a list o sectoral scopes, hich is based on the list o
sectors and sources contained in Annex A o the Kyoto Protocol. At the same time a sectoral scope(s)
o accreditation sets the limits or ork hich a DOE may perorm under the CDM ith regard to
validation as ell as verication and certication related to identied sector(s). A ull list o sectoral
scopes, related methodolgies and DOEs is available at: <https://cdm.unccc.int/DOE/scopes.html#11>
Waste energy A by-product gas/heat/pressure rom machines and industrial processes having potential to provide
usable energy, hich is currently asted. For example gas ared or released into the atmosphere,
the heat or pressure not recovered (thereore asted).