METALURGI TEKNIK.pdf

Metalurgi Teknik 2M. Rizali, MT

Referensi

Dieter, George. 1988. Mechanial metallurgy

Soboyejo, Wole. 2003. Mechanical properties of engineered materials.

Totte, E George. 2007. Steel heat treatment, metallurgy and technologies.

Roberge, R Pierre. 1999. Handbook of corrosion engineering

Talbot, David. 1997. Corrosion science and technology

Wessel, James. 2004. Handbook of advance materials

Materi Kuliah*

Pendahuluan/klasifikasi dan sifat baja

unsur paduan pada baja

baja paduan rendah

baja tahan karat

baja perkakas

besi tuang

korosi dan pencegahannya

pengujian mekanik bahan

Materi Kuliah

Besi dan Baja

Uji Material

Plastic forming of materials

Fracture

Korosi

Heat Treatment of steel

Non Ferrous Metal

Inspirasi

Ramang,

Menahan Rusia

0-0

Ronny

Pattinasarany

Asia All Star

1982

Iswadi Idris

Pemain Indonesia

pertama yg dikontrak

klub asing

Cubic Crystal Systems

Simple Cubic

Ada satu atom di setiap sudut

Satu sel memiliki 1 atom (1/8 x 8)

Cubic Crystal Systems

Body centered cubic

Satu atom di tiap sudut, satu atom di tengah sel

Satu sel memiliki 2 atom (1/8 x 8 + 1)

Cubic Crystal Systems

Face centered cubic

Satu atom di tiap sudut, satu atom di tiap tengah sisi

Satu sel memiliki 4 atom (1/8 x 8 + x 6)

Iron vs Steel

Ferrite

pure iron, ferromagnetic(DAPAT DITARIK MAGNET), BCC

-Fe , -Fe, -Fe

Fase

Austenite : Non magnetic, FCC

Cementite : Fe3C, keras dan brittle

Pearlite : campuran -Fe dan cementite

Martensite

Terjadi pada strustur austenite yang didinginkan secara cepat (quenching), sehingga karbon tidak sempat berdifusi ke dalam kristal

BCT (body centered tetragonal)

Alloy steel

Paduan Fe dengan bahan lain akan mengubah sifat material aslinya.

Sifat Yang Ingin diperbaiki misalnya:kekuatan (kekerasan), kekerasan, ketangguhan, ketahanan aus, pengerasan, dan kekerasan panas.Umumnya alloyants termasuk mangan (yang paling-umum satu), nikel, krom, molibdenum,vanadium, silikon, dan boron. Alloyants yang kurang umum termasuk aluminium, kobalt, tembaga, serium, niobium, titanium, tungsten, timah, dan zirkonium

Alloy steel

Low vs high Alloy : 5%

Low alloy : strength and hardness

High alloy : corrosion and heat resistance

Paduan akan merubah diagram fase dari Fe

Pengaruh Paduan

Aluminium 0.951.30 Alloying element in nitriding steels Bismuth - Improves machinability Boron 0.0010.003 A powerful hardenability agent Chromium 0.52 Increases hardenability

418 Increases corrosion resistance Copper 0.10.4 Corrosion resistance Lead - Improved machinability Manganese 0.250.40

Combines with sulfur and with phosphorus to reduce the brittleness. Also helps to remove excess oxygen from molten steel.

>1Increases hardenability by lowering transformation points and causing transformations to be sluggish

Pengaruh Paduan

Molybdenum 0.25Stable carbides; inhibits grain growth. Increases the toughness of steel, thus making molybdenum a very valuable alloy metal for making the cutting parts of machine tools and also the turbine blades of turbojet engines. Also used in rocket motors.

Nickel 25 Toughener1220 Increases corrosion resistance

Silicon 0.20.7 Increases strength2.0 Spring steelsHigher percentages Improves magnetic properties

Sulfur 0.080.15 Free-machining properties Titanium - Fixes carbon in inert particles; reduces martensitic

hardness in chromium steels Tungsten - Also increases the melting point. Vanadium 0.15 Stable carbides; increases strength while retaining

ductility; promotes fine grain structure. Increases the toughness at high temperatures

Stainless steel

minimum of 10.5% or 11% chromium

Corrosion resistance

Kandungan chromium akan membentuk lapisan passive film chromium oxida, yang akan melindungi dari udara luar

Tool Steel

hardness, resistance to abrasion, resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures

carbon content between 0.7% and 1.5%

Low Manganese, to prevent crack after quench

High Speed Steel (HSS)

Gra

d

e C Cr Mo W V Co Mn Si

T10.65

0.80

3.754.00 -

17.2518.75

0.91.3 -

0.10.4

0.20.4

M2 0.95 4.2 5 6 2 - - -

M7 1 3.8 8.7 1.6 2 - - -

M35 0.94 4.1 5 6 2 5 - -

M42 1.1 3.8 9.5 1.5 1.2 8 - -

Cast Iron

Carbon (C) : 2.1 - 4 %

silicon (Si) 1 - 3 %

Hard, brittle, good machinability, low melting point (good fluidity & cast ability)

Misal : silinder block

Furnace

Blast furnace

Cupola

Induction furnace