Memory • The brain’s system for filing away new information and retrieving previously learned data – A constructive process • 3 types of memory – Sensory memory • Lasts a few seconds – Short-term (working) memory • 30-90 seconds – Long-term memory • Indefinite time period
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Memory The brain’s system for filing away new information and retrieving previously learned data –A constructive process 3 types of memory –Sensory memory.
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Memory• The brain’s system for filing away new
information and retrieving previously learned data– A constructive process
• 3 types of memory– Sensory memory
• Lasts a few seconds
– Short-term (working) memory• 30-90 seconds
– Long-term memory• Indefinite time period
Information Processing Model
• Encoding– Sensory information is
converted into a form that can be stored
• Storage– Encoded information is placed
into memory
• Retrieval– Previously stored information is
moved form long-term memory to working
Memory
Types of Memory• Sensory Memory
– Iconic Memory• Visual stimuli
– Eidetic Memory• Ability to remember detailed stimuli• Short period of time
– Echoic Memory• Auditory stimuli
Types of Memory• Short-term (Working) Memory
- Encoding– Attention
• The act of applying the mind to a sense or thought
– Conscious encoding• Encoding information that you pay
specific attention to
– Unconscious encoding• Automatic processing
– Visual/ Auditory encoding– Semantic encoding
• Attaching meaning to a memory
Types of Memory• Short-term (Working)
Memory - Storage– Chunking
• Process of organizing large pieces of information into smaller chunks
– Rote Rehearsal• Repeating information with
the intent of learning that info
• Interference Task
Types of Memory• Short-term (Working)
Memory - Retrieval– Serial Position Effect
• The ability to recal information in a list depending on the position of the information on that list
• Recency Effect– The recall of information that
was most recently stored
• Primacy Effect– The recall of information learned
first
Types of Memory• Long-Term Memory - Encoding
– Explicit memories• Memories of which you are
consciously aware
– Implicit memories• Memories of which you are NOT
consciously aware
– Episodic memories• Memories in which you remember
an entire sequence of events
– Procedural memories• Memories of movement (usually)
Types of Memory• Long-Term Memory - Encoding
– Flashbulb memories• Memories that are immediately
stored in LTM and caused by emotional events
– Elaborative rehearsal• The process in which you give
meaning to information for the purpose of storing it
– Mnemonics• Memory aids that give rhyme and
reason to lists or other pieces of information
Memory• Long-Term Memory – Storage
– Levels of Processing Model• Shallow Processing• Deep Processing
– The Brain• Hippocampus• Frontal Lobe• Cerebellum• Basal Ganglia
Types of Memory• Long-term Memory - Retrieval
– Rehearsal• Connect meaning• Deep thinking
– Retrieval• Using cues• Recall
– General cue– Essay Question
• Recognition– Specific cue– Multiple Guess Question