Perspectives After his auto accident, Richard’s memory loss is believed to be caused by damage to his brain’s hippocampus.

PerspectivesPerspectives

After his auto accident, Richard’s memory loss is believed to be caused by damage to his brain’s hippocampus.

AnswerAnswer

Biological Perspective


Rick constantly acts out to gain the attention of his teachers. His therapist believes this is because he unconsciously resents his parents neglect of him.

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Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Perspective


Bernie tantrums are caused by the fact that whenever he has tantrums his parents inevitably give in to his demands.

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Behavioral/Learning Perspective


Jan never looks in the eyes of older adults when talking to them. While this behavior seems strange to us it is common in her homeland as a sign of respect.

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Socio-Cultural Perspective


Donovan continually tries to make the best choices when it comes to doing his homework and studying so that he can go to a good college and hopefully reach his dream of being a brain surgeon someday. His decision to go out with friends rather than study for his big biology test just represents a bad choice he’s made and will have to learn from.

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Humanistic Perspective


Bob leans in for a kiss at the end of his blind date only to be slapped by his date. Apparently he mistook his date’s kindness and politeness as flirting.

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Cognitive Perspective

Research MethodsResearch Methods

What are the four goals of psychology?

AnswerAnswer

Describe

Explain

Predict

Control

…behavior and mental processes.


Put the following steps of the scientific method in order:

A. Report Results

B. Design study to collect data

C. Formulate testable questions/hypothesis

D. Analyze data to arrive at conclusions.

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C B D A


When a person collects evidence and then creates an explanation about what happened based on that evidence this is called a…

AnswerAnswer

Theory


helps build explanations that are based on facts and have predictive value while is based on describing what has happened in the past.

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Science

Common Sense


Our tendency to think we should have known how something would have turned out. Also known as the “I knew it along” phenomenon.

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Hindsight Bias


This refers to our tendency to overestimate how much we know.

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Overconfidence


Our tendency to search for information that confirms our beliefs.

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Confirmation Bias


Tendency of people to favor one point of view over another or to let their own personal beliefs influence the way they interpret data. This must always be reduced when conducting research.

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Bias


Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments or conclusions but searches for supporting evidence to prove or disprove them.

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Critical Thinking


Only this kind of research method can determine cause and effect.

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Experiment


Developmental psychologists use these to study the same family or group of people for many years to see how they change over time. These are not done often because they are expensive and time consuming.

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Longitudinal Study


Study where researchers simultaneously study a number of subjects from different age groups and then compare the results to see how they are different. This is cheaper and takes less time but difference could be due to different people rather than developmental factors.

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Cross-Sectional Study


Type of research method where subjects are not aware they are being watched and the researcher does not interfere.

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Naturalistic Observation


In depth study of one individual with the hopes of determining universal principles. Generally used to investigate rare, unusual, or extreme conditions. Problems with this method are that this technique is very open to bias and it is difficult applying data from one person to everyone.

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Case Study


This quick and inexpensive research method relies on self-reports, questionnaires and interviews but its results can be compromised by people lying.

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Survey Method


Type of sample that closely parallels the target population on relevant characteristics and is proportional to the target population.

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Stratified or Representative sample


The technique used when choosing a sample where every member of larger group has equal chance of being selected for the study sample.

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Random Selection


The term for when you apply the findings from the research group to other groups.

AnswerAnswer

Generalizing


These types of studies examine the relationship of how closely one thing is related to another

AnswerAnswer

Correlational Study


When variable A goes up then B also goes up or when variable A goes down then B also goes down. What kind of correlation is this?

AnswerAnswer

Positive Correlation


When variable A and B go in the opposite direction from each other it is what type of correlation?

AnswerAnswer

Negative Correlation


A way to eliminate bias where participants do not know if they are receiving the treatment or the placebo.

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Single Blind Study


A way to eliminate bias where neither the participants nor the researchers know if they are administering the treatment or the placebo.

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Double Blind Study

EthicsEthics

This ethics principle states that participants are more likely to be truthful if they know their privacy is protected.

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Confidentiality

EthicsEthics

This ethical principle requires that participants must be given a choice to participate after being informed of the study.

AnswerAnswer

Informed Consent

EthicsEthics

This is allowable when benefit outweighs harm and participants receive full explanation at its conclusion.

AnswerAnswer

Deception

Perspectives After his auto accident, Richard’s memory loss is believed to be caused by damage to his brain’s hippocampus.

Documents

answer bias slide

answer experiment slide

answer overconfidence

answer theory slide

answer confirmation

answer hindsight bias

answer critical thinking

research methods developmental