Medical Terminology and Anatomy

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HUMAN ANATOMY ANDMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

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NUMBERS

PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

Mono-, uni- One Unilateral

Bi- Two Bilateral

Tri- Three Triplicate

Quadr- Four Quadriceps

hex-, sex- Six hexose

Diplo Double diplococcus

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DIRECTIONS AND POSITIONS

PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

Ab- Away from Abduction

Ad- Toward Adduction

Ecto-, exo- Outside Ectoparasite

Endo- Inside Endoderm

Epi- Upon Epinephrine

Infra- Below, under Infrared

Ipsi- Same Ipsilateral

Meso- Middle Mesomorph

Meta- After, beyond, transform metastasize

Peri- Surrounding Periodontal

Retro- Behind, back Retrograde amnesia

Sub- Below Submandibular

Trans- Across, through Transcutaneous

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POSITIONAL AND DIRECTIONALMEDICAL TERMS

WORD MEANING EXAMPLE

Anterior or ventral At or near the front surface of thebody

Anterior nerves

Posterior or dorsal At or near the real surface of thebody

Dorsal surface of the hand

Superior Above Superior (cranial) aspect

Inferior Below Inferior aspect

Lateral Side Lateral aspect

Distal Farthest from center Axons distal to the injury

Proximal Nearest to center Proximal end of the forearm

Medial Middle Medial axis

Supine Face up or palm up Laying supine

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POSITIONAL AND DIRECTIONALMEDICAL TERMS, CONT.

WORD MEANING EXAMPLE

Prone Face or palm down Laying prone

Sagittal Vertical body plane, divides thebody into left and right

Sagittal suture

Transverse Horizontal body plane that dividesthe body into top and bottom

transverse myelitis

Coronal Vertical body plane that divides thebody into front and back

Coronal suture

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BASIC ANATOMY TERMS

WORD BODY PART

Abdominal abdomen

Acromial Point of shoulder

Antebrachial Forearm

Antecubital Front of elbow

Axillary Armpit

Brachial Arm

Buccal Cheek

Calcaneal Heel of foot

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BASIC ANATOMY TERMS, CONT.

WORD MEANING

Carpal Wrist

Caudal Tail

Cephalic Head

Cervical Neck

Clavicular Collar bone

Costal Rib

Coxal Hip

Cranial Skull

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BASIC ANATOMY TERMS, CONT.

WORD MEANING

Crural Leg

Cubital Elbow

Deltoid Curve of shoulder

Digital Fingers and toes

Dorsal Upper back

Femoral Thigh

Fibular Outer side of the lower leg between the knee andankle

Frontal Forehead

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BASIC ANATOMY TERMS, CONT.

WORD MEANING

Genital Pertaining to the reproductive organs

Gluteal Buttock

Hallux Great toe

Inguinal Groin

Lumbar Loin (lowest part of the spine below the false ribs andbetween the hips)

Mammary Breast

Manual Hand

Mental Chin

Nasal Nose

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BASIC ANATOMY TERMS, CONT.

WORD MEANING

Nuchal Back of neck

Occipital Back of head

Olecranal Point of Elbow

Oral Mouth

Orbital Eye

Otic Ear

Palmar Palm

Patellar Kneecap

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BASIC ANATOMY TERMS, CONT.

WORD MEANING

Pectoral Chest

Pedal Foot

Pelvic Pelvis

Perineal Between the groin and the anus

Peroneal Outer side of the calf

Plantar Sole of foot

Pollex Thumb

Popliteal Back of knee

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BASIC ANATOMY TERMS, CONT.

WORD MEANING

Pubic Groin

Sacral Between the hips

Scapular Shoulder bone

Sternal Breastbone

Sural Calf

Tarsal Ankle

Thoracic Chest

Umbilical Navel

Ventral Belly

Vertebral Spinal Column

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CONDITIONS

PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

Ambi- Both Ambidextrous

Aniso- Unequal Anisocytosis

Dys- Bad, painful, difficult Dyslexia

Eu- Good, normal Eukaryote

Hetero- Different Heterogeneous

Homo- Same Homogeneous

Hyper- Excessive, above Hypertension

Hypo- Lack, below Hypoglycemic

Iso- Equal, same Isotope

Mal- Bad, poor Malnutrition

Megalo- Large Megalomania

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CONDITIONS, CONT.

SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

-algia Pain Myalgia

-asthenia Weakness (may also be astandalone term)

Neurocirculatory asthenia

-emia Blood Hypoglycemia

-iasis Condition of Elephantiasis

-itis Inflammation Bronchitis

-lysis Destruction, break down Dialysis

-lytic Destroy, break down Hydrolytic

-oid Like Haploid

-oma Tumor Fibroma

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CONDITIONS, CONT.

SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

-opathy Disease of Neuropathy

-orrhagia Hemorrhage Metrorrhagia

-orrhea Flow or discharge Diarrhea

-osis Abnormal condition of Tuberculosis

-paresis Slight paralysis Hemiparesis

-plasia Growth Achondroplasia

-plegia Paralysis Quadraplegia

-pnea Breathing Sleep apnea

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SURGICAL PROCEDURES

SUFFIX MEANING EXAMPLE

-centesis Puncture a cavity to remove fluid Amniocentesis

-ectomy Surgical removal or excision Hysterectomy

-ostomy A new permanent opening Tracheostomy

-otomy Cutting into, incision Gastrotomy

-orrhaphy Surgical repair or suture Gastrorrhaphy

-opexy Surgical fixation Nephropexy

-oplasty Surgical repair Rhinoplasty

-otripsy Crushing or destroying Lithotripsy