MECOPTERA (scorpionflies) SIPHONAPTERA (fleas)
MECOPTERA (scorpionflies) SIPHONAPTERA (fleas). So far in classification Neoptera Exopterygota Head with gula Head without gula Neuropteroid Orders mandibulate.
Jan 13, 2016
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MECOPTERA(scorpionflies)
SIPHONAPTERA(fleas)
So far in classification
Neoptera
Exopterygota
Head with gula
Head without gula
Neuropteroid Orders
mandibulate
rostrate
Hymenoptera
larvae without legs
No wings
Wings
larvae with legs
Wings with hairs
Wings with scales - Lepidoptera
- Trichoptera
Siphonaptera
2
4
Diptera
Mecoptera
Mecopteroid orders
Siphonaptera
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
Hexapod Orders
2,400
Fleas
Ectoparasites of birds and mammals
-wingless-parasites
Siphon - tube, aptera - wingless
-siphoning mouthparts-jumping legs-laterally flattened
Mecoptera - Phylogeny
larvae without legs
No wings
Wings
larvae with legs
Wings with hairs
Wings with scales - Lepidoptera
- Trichoptera
Siphonaptera
2
4
Diptera
Mecoptera
Mecoptera
Siphonaptera - Fleas Boreidae - Mecoptera
Fleas - Distinguishing Features
Sucking mouthparts Antennae retractible Jumping legs
Wingless
Fleas - Life Cycle
Larva feeds on organic matter for ~24 days
Pupal stage lasts ~ 7 days
Natural habitat
Adult
Eggs drop off host
Eggs hatch in ~ 4 days
Flea Numbers
Flea Bites
Fleas - Disease Transmission
Bubonic Plague (Black Death)
Bubonic plague -- an infection of the lymph nodes
Pneumonic plague -- an infection of the lungs
Septicemic plague -- an infection of the blood
Three separate diseases (Same bacteria)
Fleas - Disease Transmission
Yersinia pestis
Fleas - Disease Transmission
Silk Road
reservoir
Fleas - Disease Transmission
Animated map
Fleas - Disease Transmission
Mecoptera
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
Hexapod Orders
600
Scorpionflies, hanging flies
Forests
-mouthparts on a snout
Mecos - long, ptera - wing
-swollen terminal segment with ‘stinger’
Fossil Mecoptera
Parasitic Mecoptera - Jurassic
May have been ectoparasites of early birds and feathered dinosaurs
Strashila
Diversity in Mecoptera
Bittacidae
Mecoptera - Distribution
Panorpidae
Bittacidae
Distinguishing features
Expanded male genital capsule
Distinguishing features
Mouthparts on a snout
Relationship to Siphonaptera
Boreidae
Families
Panorpidae
Bittacidae
Generalized Mecopteran Life Cycle
Mating
Eggs dropped on ground (Panorpidae, Bittacidae) or laid in moss (Boreidae)
Hatch & 4 larvae instars
4th instar larva – digs earthen cell and becomes quiescent (few weeks to several months)
Pupate
Mating Behaviour in Scorpionflies
Male
Captures a prey item and offers it as a nuptial gift
Secretes salivary mass onto leaves
Forced copulation
Involve pheromones
Salivary glands of Panorpa
Female
Male
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