MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING ME136P / A4 Engineering Materials, Processes and Testing Experiment no. 1 Physical Study of Universal Testing Machine Torralba, Refael Jan C. Date Performed: August 4, 2015
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MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
ME136P / A4
Engineering Materials, Processes and Testing
Experiment no. 1
Physical Study of Universal Testing Machine
Torralba, Refael Jan C. Date Performed: August 4, 2015
2013106979 Date Submitted: August 18, 2015
Engr. Rj Lawrence Tiu
Engr. Rj Lawrence Tiu
OBJECTIVES
To familiarize on the different parts and operation of the Universal Testing Machine.
INTRODUCTION
A universal testing machine, also known as a universal tester, materials testing machine or
material test frame is a machine that is used to test the tensile strength and compressive strength
of materials.
Students should first be familiarized with the machines capabilities before performing an
experiment to give them an idea on how it will be used to test the materials and also to be aware
to the solutions of possible hazards that may occur during the experiment to prevent any
accidents that may harm the students. Figure 1 shows the loading unit of UTM and Figure 2
shows the measuring unit of UTM.
Figure 1. Loading Unit of UTM Figure 2. Measuring Unit of UTM
RELATED RESEARCH
As a Mechanical Engineering student it is necessary to have knowledge of mechanical
properties of engineering materials because it will be used in our future designs, fabrications and
constructions.
It is called universal testing machine because it can perform many different test such as
tensile, compressive, bend, etc. for us to be able to examine the materials mechanical properties.
It can perform these tests by applying external force to the material which has three main
elements: loading unit, control measuring unit and hydraulic unit for loading. The results from
the test are commonly used to know the application of the material and to predict how it will
react under other types of force.
Tensile test is clamping a single piece of material on each of its ends and pull it apart
until it breaks. This measures how strong it is (tensile strength) how stretchy it is (elongation),
and how stiff it is (tensile modulus).
Compression test is the opposite of tensile test in which you compress an object between
two level plates until a certain load or distance has been reached or the product breaks. The
typical measurements are the maximum force sustained before breakage, or load at displacement,
or displacement at load.
The materials that can be used in the UTM operations are metal, rubber, plastic, leather,
asbestos, PVC, paper, textile, wire, plywood, ceramics, resins etc. but not all kinds of these
materials can be used in all UTM because there are different designs of UTM and each of which
are specialize to test a different level of strength of the materials.
LIST OF APPARATUS/MATERIALS
Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine UH-A-C Series
Computer Controlled Hydraulic Servo System
PROCEDURES
1. Discussion of Mechanical properties of materials and parts of UTM
2. Be familiarized on the different parts of the Universal testing machine by labelling an
actual picture of the UTM of Mapua Institute of Technology.
Figure 3. Control Measuring Unit with labelled parts
Figure 4. Loading Unit with labelled parts
FINAL DATA SHEET
Drive screw
Tension nut cap
Table
Upper crosshead
Lower cross head
Column
Elevation motor
Table top protective mat
Table cover
Table roller guide
Loading cylinder
Drive screw fixing nut
Bed cover
Ram
Bed
Load display meter
Manual Operation panel
Front cover
Power control unit
Automatic control panel
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
1. Illustrate the Universal Testing Machine
2. Give the Functions of each single part.
Parts of the UTM:
Loading cylinder – Used to convert fluid power into mechanical motion.
Ram – Where the load is applied.
Bed – The base of the Loading Unit.
Table – The place where the specimen that will be used for testing is placed.
Lower crosshead – Used to clamp testing specimen from below.
Upper crosshead – Used to clamp testing specimen from top.
Drive screw – Provides a particularly favourable flow of force during the test, enabling
direct load application to the specimen.
Column – Usually have ball-screw drives to position the moveable crosshead. It can also
be used to determine the force capacity of the machine.
Tension nut cap – Controls the tension in the machine.
Drive screw fixing nut – A type of fastener, typically made of metal, and characterized by
a helical ridge, known as a male thread (external thread) or just thread, wrapped around a
cylinder
Elevation motor – It allows the lower crosshead to move upward and downward allowing
it to compress and rupture the material.
Table roller guide – It allows you to place the material precisely.
Table cover – Covers the table.
Bed cover – Covers the bed.
Table top protective mat – Protects the table from any debris that may cause scratches or
damage to the table.
Upper rear cover – Covers the upper part of the measuring unit.
Lower rear cover – Covers the lower part of the measuring unit.
Power switch – Turns the machine on and off.
Casing – Contains most of the component of the measuring unit.
Front cover – Covers the lower front of the universal measuring unit.
Power control unit – Controls the power of the measuring unit.
Manual operation panel – Controls the measuring unit operation manually.