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MAULITA KHAZINI1132003043
Paper 1
Optimasi Pola Operasi Waduk Pelaparado
Di Kabupaten Bima, Propinsi NTB
Paper 2
Optimasi Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Air Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai
AN!KOK
Paper 3
"etode "emperkirakan Debit Air yang "asuk ke Waduk
dengan "etode Stokastik #hain "arko$
%#ontoh Kasus& Pengoperasian Waduk Air Saguling'
Teknik Indutsri
Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu KmputerUni!ersitas "akrie
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I# Intrdu$e
The need for (ater resour)es )ontinuously in)reased both intended for
irrigation, publi) utilities and residential, industrial de$elopment, po(er
generation, *sheries, transportation, tourism and other purposes+
Due to the )hangeunlike the gro(ing number of (ater a day, many
)ities )onsider it ne)essary to hold a reser$oir in the (ater supply system+
#onstru)tion of reser$oirs being targeted re)all is an urgent need to maintain
the a$ailability of ra( (ater as (ell as a (ater reser$oir during the rainy
season %to pre$ent -ooding'+ Apart from that reser$oir has the fun)tion of
irrigation (ater supply ri)e and a.ua)ulture in the lo)al en$ironment+ A
reser$oir may also be used to hold e/)ess (ater during periods of high -o(
for use during periods of drought+
Positi$e and negati$e impa)ts )aused is appropriate to the fun)tion of
the reser$oir, (hile the negati$e impa)t and the problems of the most
prominent is the resettlement of the population from the area -ooded,
pro$ision of employment, loss of land, forests, plantations, and other
resour)es, in)luding -ora, fauna and the impa)t Other ad$erse e)ologi)al (ill
only be felt in the long term+
Based on this, it is ne)essary to ha$e a study to address issues
regarding the management of (ater resour)es in an optimal and integrated
reser$oir, to support an e0e)ti$e management program to ensure optimum
utili1ation and sustainable (ithout limiting the in)rease in the (elfare of the
surrounding )ommunity+
2arious methods are used to impro$e the utili1ation of (ater, one of
(hi)h is the optimi1ation te)hni.ues+ Optimi1ation te)hni.ue is a method to
pro$ide the best desired results is based on a mathemati)al fun)tion (ith
)ertain limitations so many optimi1ation te)hni.ues pro$ide menfaat in
making de)isions and )an be applied in $arious *elds of s)ien)e+
Pelaparado reser$oir lo)ated in the $illage of Pela, Distri)t "onta, Bima,
West Nusa Tenggara Pro$in)e, lo)ated about 34 km South dire)tion Bima #ity+
Pelaparado reser$oir has a )at)hment e0e)ti$ely 56+6 million m7 (ith a
height of 85+6 m+ 9n general, the physi)al )ondition of the reser$oir
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Pelaparado relati$ely good and (ell maintained, but (ith the $olume of the
storage reser$oirs are e0e)ti$ely limited that 56+6 million m7 (hi)h is
e/pe)ted to be su:)ient for an area of 7,453 ha of irrigation (ater+ 9n addition
to irrigate the irrigation area, today reser$oir Pelaparado also be used topro$ide )lean (ater to the Distri)t "onta, WO;A and Belo permissible
)apa)ity of 6< liters = se)+ Therefore it is ne)essary for the operation of the
reser$oir Pelaparado pattern so that the e/penditure of (ater for irrigation
)an be ad>usted optimally+
udging from the identi*)ation of the symptoms of the problem, the
resear)h (ill apply dynami) programming method to sol$e the problems+
A))ording ?+;ilier and @ieberman %53' dynami) programming is a
mathemati)al te)hni.ue that is used for de)ision making that )onsists of many stages %multistage'+ 9n other (ords, initially dynami) program di$ides
the original problem into subproblems and then determine the optimal
solution to the original problem sol$ing re)ursi$e subsubproblems+
This is in a))ordan)e (ith the optimi1ation problem be)ause the dam
reser$oir operation pattern depends on the time that it needs )ompletion in
stages+ /)ess Dynami) programming method )ompared (ith other methods
of optimi1ation is to ha$e more than one series of de)isions+ @imitations using
Operations Cesear)h is if an organi1ation has a goal to the )ontrary (ouldresult in suboptimum %)onditions that are not able to help the organi1ation
a)hie$e the best simultaneously' and nonlinear relationships are lineari1ed to
be ad>usted by the linear program )an disrupt the suggested solutions+
II# %is$ussin
nderstanding optimi1ation is )losely related to the ma/imi1ation, but
(ith restri)tions %)onstraints'+ Optimi1e synonymous (ith ma/imi1ing the
limited resour)es+ Optimi1ation problems in the management of (aterresour)es more often nonlinear+ One method to sol$e it is to use Dynami)
Program %Dynami) Programming'+ The elements of the model is a dynami)
program %@imantara, @", and Soetopo, W+ E
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7+ State $ariable %Sn'
3+ Stage return %rn'
6+ Stage transformation or state transition %tn'
While the operational )hara)teristi)s of dynami) program )an bedes)ribed as follo(s %@imantara, @", and Soetopo, W+ E
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N?C G %T J Pd J P L 9' Ce0 +++ %5'
Where&
N?C G irrigation (ater re.uirement %mm = day'
T G (ater re.uirements for )rops %mm = day'Pd G (ater re.uirements for land preparation %mm = day'
PL9 G deep per)olation and in*ltration %mm = day'
Ce0 G e0e)ti$e pre)ipitation %mm = day
'ater needs (r Plants
#rop (ater re.uirement is formulated as follo(s %Suhard>ono, 53& 57'&
#u G )+ to +++ %E'
#u G )onsumpti$e use %)onsumpti$e use' or )an also be e/pressed (ith T
%e$apotranspiration' %mm = day'# G )oe:)ient of plants
to G potential e$apotranspiration %mm = day'
)!aptranspirasi ptensial
mpiri)al e.uations in the )al)ulation of modi*ed Penman potential
e$aporation method is as follo(s&
in this )ase,
T< G potential e$aporation %mm = day'
# G An ad>ustment fa)tor of day and night )onditions %*gure )orre)tion'+
W G fa)tor depending on the mean temperature %temperature' and
altitude %ele$ation'+
Cn G Amount of net radiation %mm = day'
G
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n G a$erage duration of the sun is a)tually %mm = day'
N G the length of sunlight possible ma/imum %mm = day'
Cn5 G net long(a$e radiation %mm = day'
G f%t' + f%ed' + f%n=N'f%t' G un)tion of the temperature of the table the relationship bet(een
temperature %T' (ith a $alue of f %t'
f%ed' G fun)tion of the $apor pressure
G
f%n=N' G fun)tion of the brightness of the sun
Gf%u' G fun)tion of a$erage (ind speed during the day at a height of E
meters %m = se)'
G
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o G e$aporation of open (ater %5+5 / to' during the pro)ess of land
preparation %mm =day'
P G Per)olation
T G period of land preparation %days'S G The need for (ater, for (ater saturation )oupled (ith a layer of 6<
mm
G Numbers e/ponent %e G E+547'
Leadin& %e*it Anal+sis
Debit mainstay %dependable -o(' is dis)harge planning that is e/pe)ted to be
a$ailable for spe)i*) purposes %irrigation, drinking (ater, et)+' throughout the
year (ith the risk of failure that has been taken into a))ount, so (hen setodds reliability of 4
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?rom the data n and d rain stations around the pro>e)t (ill be obtained
by the follo(ing e.uation&
d G a n J b %4'Where a and b are )onstants due to the relationship n %the number of
days of rain' and d %the amount of dry surfa)e'+ Substitution of
e.uation %8' and %', is obtained&r=p G m=7< + %a+n J b' %'
b+ Water balan)e in the surfa)e soil
Soil (ater balan)e is a0e)ted by the amount of (ater that goes into the
ground and soil )onditions itself+ The data re.uired are& P t, is the )hange of the (ater going into the ground+ Soil storage, is the )hange in the $olume of (ater retained by the
soil that depends on %PT', soil storage the pre$ious month+ Soil "oisture, is the $olume of (ater to moisten the soil (hi)h
depends %Pt', soil storage, and soil moisture pre)eding month+ The )apa)ity of soil moisture, is the $olume of (ater re.uired to
rea)h the soil moisture )apa)ity+ Water Surplus, is the $olume of (ater that (ill enter the soil surfa)e,
the (ater surplus G %Pt' soil storage, and < if %Pt' Qsoil storage+)+ !round Water Storage
The $alue of run o0 and ground (ater amount depends on the balan)e of
(ater and soil )onditions+ The data re.uired are& #oe:)ient of in*ltration G 9 ?a)tors re)ession ground(ater -o( G k 9nitial storage, the $olume of ground (ater is a$ailable at the
beginning of the )al)ulation+ The e.uation used as follo(s&
9n G Water Surplus / 9 %5
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d+ Ci$er -o(
The fa)tors that determine the amount of -o( of the ri$er is& 9nter-o( G 9n*ltration The $olume of ground(ater %mm' Dire)t Cun O0 G Water Surplus 9n*ltration %mm'
Base ?lo( G -o( of the ri$er is al(ays there throughout the year%m7 = s'
Cun O0 G 9nter-o( J Dire)t Cun O0 J Base ?lo( %m7 = s'
On)e )omplete dis)harge data series, then the )al)ulation to determine
the dis)harge mainstay+ 9n this study, the )al)ulation (as )ondu)ted
using debit mainstay de)isi$e year %basi) year'+ The base year used in
this study is that the debit has a reliability of 4
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%5,E
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Plant Net Bene*ts
Net pro*t 9rrigation Water
Produ)tion pro*ts on )hanges 9rrigation Water Pro$ision
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@imit Pro$ision of 9rrigation Water
9n this study the optimi1ation pro)ess is di$ided into 7 stages, at ea)h
stage (ill be allo)ated a )ertain amount of (ater $olume+ 2ariables that
)onne)ts the stage (ith another one is the )hange in the storage reser$oir
before and after a stage (ith a grid of 5
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path (ill be obtained in the form of allo)ation of the storage reser$oir )auses
the ma/imum bene*t agri)ultural produ)tion+tili1ation of Water Ceser$oir Optimi1ation Cesults
The o$erall results of the dynami) program, if )arried through (ill get a
tra)king optimal path of ea)h gro(ing season+ The resulting optimal path is
the $olume of (ater reser$oirs at the beginning and end of the planting
should be full in the amount of 56,6
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reser$oirs Cesour)es 9n
The Watershed
management
of a reser$oir
and utili1ing
e/)essdis)harge
7+ Approa)h%es'=algorithm
a
Dynami)
Programming
Program @inear Stokastik
#hain "arko$3+ Assumptions the pattern
of reser$oir
operation
depends on
the time so
need a
gradual
settlement
Optimi1ation is
done taking
into a))ount
the prin)iple of
balan)e and
fairness
need to be
made a
model to
estimate the
in-o(
dis)harge
6+ Cesults = *ndings The o$erall
results of the
dynami)
program, if
Tra)king is
done behind
(ill get on
line
optimal at
ea)h planting
season+
Distribution of
irrigation (ater
demand is
proportional to
the $ast
potential
irrigation areas
on ea)h
(eir+
Operating
Saguling (ith
Dynami)
optimi1ation
model
Bellman
The safest is
the use of
the route
Optimal
reser$oir
$olumes in
e/treme dry
)onditions
be)ause by
using this
route )an
o$er)oming
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the )ondition
of reser$oirs
in )riti)al
)ondition+8+ ad$antages ha$e more
than one set
of results
"any $ariables
that )an use a
$ariety of
possibilities for
obtaining
optimal
resour)e
utili1ation )an
be a)hie$ed+
?le/ible
ob>e)ti$e
fun)tion )an
be in
a))ordan)e
(ith the
purpose of
resear)h or
based on
a$ailable data+
"arko$
models are
relati$ely
easy to
deri$e %or
infer' from
su))essional
data+
+ disad$antages (ill result in
)ost and time
ine:)ien)ies
does not
ha$e a form
of
mathemati)a
l formulation
!ood to be
This method
)an only be
used for the
purposes for
e/ample, only
for pro*t
ma/imi1ation
or )ost
minimi1ation
Departure
from the
simple
assumptions
of stationary,
*rstorder
"arko$
)hains (hile,
)on)eptually
possible,
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used
)onsistently,
so that
)al)ulationsfor
produ)e
optimal
de)isions are
limited to
)onditions
)ertain
makes for
disproportion
ate degrees
of di:)ulty inanalysis and
)omputation+
/# -n$lusins and re$mmendatinsSo the )on)lusion from $arious test results using the method of
dynami) programming, linear programming, and sto)hasti) "arko$ )hain
obtained a )on)lusion that in order to optimi1e the use of (ater resour)es is
to use dynami) program %Dynami) Program'+ Dynami) program )an mimi) the
beha$ior of the system and )an be used to make a de)ision on a series of
related de)isions+ This is $ery appropriate be)ause the pattern of the
operation depends on the time that it needs )ompletion in stages+
/I# "i*li&rap+Budianto, "uh+ Bagus Setia(an ,Agung Suroso, Agus+ Optimasi Pemanfaatan
Sumber Daya Air ______ Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Jangko. "ataram&
ni$ersitas "ataram+
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;ilmi,"oh "asre$aniah Aniek Soetopo ,Widandi+ Optimasi Pola Operasi
Waduk Pelaparado ______ Di Kabupaten Bima Propinsi !"B+ "alang&
ni$ersitas Bra(i>aya+Nuraeni, eni + #etode #emperkirakan Debit Air yang #asuk ke Waduk
dengan #etode ______ Stokastik $hain #arko% &$ontoh Kasus' Pengoperasian
Waduk Air Saguling. akarta UUUUUU Selatan& ni$ersitas Paramadinahttps&==id+(ikipedia+org=(iki=Waduk diakses pada E3 No$ember E