Massimiliano Di Pace 1 EU TRADE POLICY Eu has exclusive competence on Trade policy (art. 3 TfUe) This means that every decision on this subject cannot be taken by member States Member States can only take part to decision process in Eu Institutions
Dec 27, 2015
Massimiliano Di Pace 1
EU TRADE POLICY
Eu has exclusive competence on Trade policy
(art. 3 TfUe)
This means that every decision on this subject cannot be taken by member States
Member States can only take part to decision process in Eu Institutions
Massimiliano Di Pace 2
EU TRADE POLICY
The legal fundamental rules on Eu trade policy are in articles 206-207 of TfUe
The main aim of Eu trade policy, as stated in art. 206, is to “contribute, in the common
interest, to the harmonious development of world trade, the progressive abolition of restrictions on international trade and on
foreign direct investment, and the lowering of customs and other barriers”
Massimiliano Di Pace 3
EU TRADE POLICY
Art. 206 explains also why trade policy is an exclusive competence of Eu
Actually this is due to the “establishing a customs union”
The custom union is a consequence of a single market
Massimiliano Di Pace 4
EU TRADE POLICY
The single market implies the free movement of goods, services, persons, capital
Once a product has entered the single market, it can circulate freely
If custom rules (i.e. tariffs) are different, importers in Eu can have reasons to prefer a
custom post instead of another
Massimiliano Di Pace 5
EU TRADE POLICY
This would represent a distortion for the single market
Art. 207 states the principles of Eu Trade policy
“The common commercial policy shall be based on uniform principles”
Massimiliano Di Pace 6
EU TRADE POLICY
These uniform principles regard:- changes in tariff rates- conclusion of tariff and trade agreements- foreign direct investment- achievement of uniformity in measures of liberalisation- export policy - measures to protect trade such as those to be taken in the event of dumping or subsidies
Massimiliano Di Pace 7
EU TRADE POLICY
Furthermore the common commercial policy has to be conducted in the context of the principles and objectives of the Union’s
external action
This implies that better conditions for entering the single market will be recognised to countries in strict relationship with Eu
Massimiliano Di Pace 8
EU TRADE POLICY
The measures defining the framework for implementing the common commercial policy
are decided by European Parliament and Council, acting in accordance with the
ordinary legislative procedure
The ordinary legislative procedure places Council and Parliament on the same level
(art. 294)
Massimiliano Di Pace 9
EU TRADE POLICY
Negotiations in the framework of Wto and for bilateral agreements are handled by the Commission, authorised by the Council,
which provides directives, proposed by the Commission itself
The Commission report regularly to the Council and to the European Parliament on
the progress of negotiations
Massimiliano Di Pace 10
EU TRADE POLICY
The agreements are approved by Council by a qualified majority (55% of the members of the Council representing the participating member
States, comprising at least 65 % of the population of these States)
In some cases it is required the unanimous approval of member countries in Council
(i.e agreements in the field of trade in social, education and health services)
Massimiliano Di Pace 11
EU TRADE POLICY
Eu Trade policy is focussed on implementing the Wto rules
Eu believes that a system of global rules is the best way to ensure that trade between
countries is fair and open
Massimiliano Di Pace 12
EU TRADE POLICY
Eu trade policy is engaged in participating to Doha development round
In this framework Eu’s stance is the following
Eu supported the agenda of the Doha round, which is much broader than past global trade negotiations and it is specifically targeted at addressing the needs of developing countries
Massimiliano Di Pace 13
EU TRADE POLICY
Eu accepts that the focus of negotiations is on:
- reforming agricultural subsidies
- improving the access to global markets
- ensuring that new liberalisation in the global economy respects the need for sustainable economic growth in developing countries
Massimiliano Di Pace 14
EU TRADE POLICY
The Eu priorities in the Doha Round are as follows:
1) As far as market access for industrial goods is concerned, Eu wants to create significant new trade flows by cutting tariffs in both developed countries and the growing emerging economies such as China, Brazil and India; the goal is to create new trade between developed countries, but also between developing countries
Massimiliano Di Pace 15
EU TRADE POLICY
2) for agriculture sector Eu is committed to an agreement that reforms farm subsidy programs throughout the rich world in line with the Eu's wide-ranging 2003 reform of the Cap (Common Agricultural Policy); as part of the Doha round, Eu has offered to cut farm tariffs by 60%, reduce trade distorting farm subsidies by 80% and eliminate farm export subsidies altogether; Eu also wants to see new market access opportunities for its own processed agricultural exports
Massimiliano Di Pace 16
EU TRADE POLICY
3) in market access negotiations for the services trade, Doha round should bring considerable and real market opportunities for business as well as benefits to consumers world-wide; Eu does not seek general deregulation or privatisation of sectors where principles of public interest are at stake, and it is also committed to defending the right of Wto members to promote cultural diversity
Massimiliano Di Pace 17
EU TRADE POLICY
4) Eu wants the Doha Round to agree a package of development measures including: - a special agreement to address trade distortions caused by subsidies to cotton farmers in developed countries- the extension of unlimited markets access to all Least Developed Countries by as many importing countries as possible- a new global package of 'aid for trade' assistance to help the poorest build the capacity to trade- special measures to help the poorest countries
Massimiliano Di Pace 18
EU TRADE POLICY
5) Eu is contributing to achieve an agreement on a new set of rules governing the use of trade defence instruments, so that they are not abused, and a complete update of the Wto's rules for trade facilitation (i.e standard practice for customs and other border related procedures)6) Eu also wishes to use the Doha round to improve the protection of geographical indications (i.e. special legal identity given to products like Parma Ham and Roquefort cheese that are closely linked to a particular place and tradition of production)
Massimiliano Di Pace 19
EU TRADE POLICY
The ongoing deadlock is due also to the stance of Eu relating to the precise terms of a
“special safeguard measure” to protect farmers from surges in imports
As a matter of fact Cap cannot be wiped off abruptly, and Eu looks for mitigation of
impact on Eu farmers of new rules
Massimiliano Di Pace 20
EU TRADE POLICY
The Eu is firmly committed also to the promotion of open and fair trade with all its
trading partners
In addition to the Wto's multilateral negotiations, Eu concludes bilateral
agreements and devises specific trading policies with third countries and regional
areas
Massimiliano Di Pace 21
EU TRADE POLICY
Bilateral trade relations are about agreement on custom unions, free-trade, association, co-operation
and partnership
Countries which have bilateral trade agreements are Algeria Argentina Australia Belarus Brazil Canada
Chile China Egypt India Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Lebanon Mexico Moldova Morocco New Zealand Norway Pakistan Occupied Palestinian Territory Paraguay Russia South Africa Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tunisia Turkey Ukraine
United States Uruguay