MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. MEDICAL CENTER CAMPUS HALS …...Willowbrook, in the unincorporated territory of the County of Los Angeles, California. The medical campus is located approximately

WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA

HALS CA-124HALS CA-124

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. MEDICAL CENTER CAMPUS12021 Wilmington AvenueWillowbrookLos Angeles CountyCalifornia

HISTORIC AMERICAN LANDSCAPES SURVEYNational Park Service

U.S. Department of the Interior1849 C Street NW

Washington, DC 20240-0001

HISTORIC AMERICAN LANDSCAPES SURVEY MARTINL LUTHER KING, JR. MEDICAL CENTER CAMPUS

HALS CA-124

Name: Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus

Location: Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus is a 38 acre site located at 12021 Wilmington Avenue in the community of Willowbrook, in the unincorporated territory of the County of Los Angeles, California.

The medical campus is located approximately 3 miles north of State Route 91 (SR-91; Artesia Freeway), approximately 3 miles northeast of Interstate 710 (I-710; Long Beach Freeway), approximately 2 miles east of I-110 (Harbor Freeway), less than 1 mile south of SR-90 (East Imperial Highway), and less than 1 mile south of I-105 (Glen Anderson Freeway). The site is bounded on the north by East 120th Street, on the east by Wilmington Avenue, on the south by a narrow alley which separates the site from the residential neighborhood which is largely located north of East 122nd Street, and on the west by Compton Avenue of Los Angeles. The site is less than 1 mile north of the City of Compton and less than 1 mile west of the City of Lynwood and is also less than 1 mile south of the City of Los Angeles. The topography of the site is generally flat.

Present Owner/ Occupant/ Use:

Owned by the Los Angeles County. The current use is a community-based healthcare facility where it is used by inpatients, outpatients, and medical staff.

Significance: The Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus was built on recommendation by the McCone Commission following the 1965 civil unrest in Los Angeles. The period of significance for the historic district (four buildings and seven landscape design features) is 1966-1979.

Historians: David Kaplan, Historic Architect Tom Zimmerman, Photographer, July 15, 2015

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. MEDICAL CENTER CAMPUS HALS CA-124

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PART I. HISTORICAL INFORMATION Physical History:

Date of establishment: 1965 –1971

Landscape architects, architects and designers: Peterson and Befu

Peterson and Befu was a landscape architectural firm created in 1956 by Earl W. Peterson and Yoshiro Befu. The firm worked on a variety of projects from small residential gardens to regional parks. It specialized in areas of athletic facilities, college campuses, and rehabilitation of existing facilities. One project is the Japanese Garden for Wattles Gardens (1970) in which they collaborated with design consultant Koichi Kawana. Peterson retired in 1986 and John Donan was appointed as co-principal. The firm was renamed Befu Donan Associates.

Adrian Wilson and Associates

Adrian Jennings Wilson (1898–1988) studied architecture, structural engineering, and mechanical engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, where he graduated in 1919. In 1920, he began his career as a draftsman for the Los Angeles firm of Dodd and Richards where he participated in the design of several notable buildings in downtown Los Angeles, including the Pacific Mutual Building at Sixth and Olive Streets (1922). In 1930,. Wilson began a partnership with Erle Farrington Webster to create the architectural firm of Webster and Wilson, Architects.

In 1936 the firm was renamed Adrian Wilson Associates and specialized in the design of numerous institutional, civic, defense, and commercial projects in the United States and abroad. Early projects of note in the Los Angeles area include Pueblo Del Rio (circa 1942), Victory Park Housing Project in Compton (c1945), and Pacific Palisades High School (c1961). The firm was one of several architects involved with the Kenneth Hahn Hall of Administration (1960) and the Los Angeles County Courthouse (1958) in downtown Los Angeles. The firm obtained numerous commissions in Asia, and Mr. Wilson established a network of offices in Japan, Vietnam, Korea, the Philippines, Turkey and Thailand. By the late 1960s, Adrian Wilson Associates were recognized in the field of hospital design and planning having designed significant medical facilities, including the Mira Loma Hospital (1961) and Harbor General Hospital in Torrance (1963). In Los Angeles, Mr. Wilson collaborated with architect Paul R. Williams in the design of the Psychopathic Unit (circa 1951), Communicable Diseases building (1955), and Osteopathic Hospital (1958) of Los Angeles County General Hospital. Adrian Wilson


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and Paul R. Williams collaborated again in the design of the Post-Acute Polio Hospital at Rancho Los Amigos in Downey (1955). In addition, the firm obtained commissions for many large hospital projects in Asia, such as the V. Luna General Hospital in Quezon City, Philippines. In 1967, the firm was awarded a contract to design three hospital units in Vietnam. The Department of the Army contracted with Adrian Wilson Associates to design the 121st Evacuation Hospital in Seoul, Korea and the firm also worked on alterations to the Seoul Military Hospital. Wilson served as president of the Southern California chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and was chosen as a Fellow of the AIA. Carey K. Jenkins Carey K. Jenkins (1919–1987) was one of the first African-American graduates in architecture at University of Southern California. During the 1970s, Jenkins was involved in Watts Industrial Park, a federally funded 53–acre economic revitalization project where he designed its. Community Service Center. Other projects included the Mary McLeod Bethune Middle School in Los Angeles. Jenkins participated in the development of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Campus. He also designed the Southeast Comprehensive Health Center (Hubert H. Humphrey Comprehensive Health Center), a satellite facility to the Medical Center Campus that was recognized as the first public comprehensive health center in the nation. The firm he founded in 1981 still operates today as Jenkins, Gales & Martinez, Inc. The USC School of Architecture maintains the Carey K. Jenkins Memorial Scholarship, designated for a minority student. Reiner C. Nielsen, Gene E. Moffatt (Nielsen, Moffatt, and Wolverton.) During the 1950s, Reiner C. Nielsen and Gene E. Moffatt collaborated on design of several hospital projects in Southern California. In 1951, Reiner C. Nielsen designed the Metropolitan Hospital at 2001 South Hoover Street in Los Angeles. Mr. Nielsen and Gene E. Moffatt were awarded the contract to design Victory General Hospital in Northridge in 1952.Neilsen and Moffatt also designed the San Vicente Hospital at 6000 San Vicente Boulevard in Los Angeles (1954).Other hospital commissions included the Lark Allen General Hospital in West Covina (1955) and the Southwest Foundation Hospital at La Brea Boulevard and Coliseum Street in Los Angeles (1958). A third designer, identified as “Wolverton,” is listed as on a program for the 1968 groundbreaking celebration for Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center; however, no additional information was located regarding this individual.


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Builder, contractor, suppliers: Robert McKee, Robert McKee Inc. (contractor)

Robert Eugene McKee (1889–1965) began his career as a draftsman in El Paso, Texas for the City engineering department He established a contracting company that grew into one of the world’s largest private construction firms. Robert McKee, Inc. built more than 3,000 projects in 35 states and abroad from the 1930s through the 1960s. Headquartered in El Paso, the firm maintained branch offices in Dallas, Santa Fe, Los Angeles, Honolulu, and the Panama Canal Zone. Projects include the United States Air Force Academy Cadet Chapel in Colorado Springs, Colorado (1963) and military installations in the Panama Canal Zone. During World War II, the firm was selected to build the Los Alamos Atomic Energy Project in New Mexico. Robert E. McKee, Inc. constructed many high profile projects in Los Angeles: Union Station (1938); Hotel Statler (Statler Hilton) (1952); and Wilshire Federal Building (1969). The firm was the primary contractor for the Los Angeles International Airport (1959).

Original and subsequent owners, occupants: County of Los Angeles

The County of Los Angeles acquired the land and financed construction of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus and remains as its owner. Occupants of the facility include inpatients and outpatients, and medical and administrative staff. The facility also served as a teaching hospital for many years occupied by students and school staff.. Periods of development: a. Original plans and construction The sequence of construction of major buildings included in the historic district: •Multi-Service Ambulatroy Care Center (MACC), aka the Main Hospital Building, 1968-1972 •Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium, 1973 •Interns and Physicians Building, 1974 •Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center, 1979. Landscape Design Features Related to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus: •Elongated lawn located east of the MACC, bounded by a primary entrance road •Walkways emenating from the MACC


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•Pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC to the east façade of the Interns and Physicians Building •Pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC’s east façade to the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium •Pedestrian walkway extending from the north elevation of the MACC to the August F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center •Sunken garden and walled courtyard located south and west of the August F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center •Walled courtyard and recreation area located south of the Interns and Physicians Building •Drop-off area located north of the Interns and Physicians Buildling and west of the North Suport Building

b. Changes and additions

The sunken court along the south and west sides of the Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center was modified by recent work that removed winding paths and seating areas as well as a variety of play areas (sand pits, basketball court, pool). The circular drop-off adjacent to the pedestrian walkway from the west elevation of the MACC to the east elevation of the Interns and Physicians Building was removed. The drive and drop-off was coordinated with the pedestrian walk and alighed with a tall porch-like roof projection of a covered walkway. The original drop off at the Interns and Physicians Building was located adjacent to the raised porch-like structure extending from the walkway on the north. Large trees and other landscape elements including a serpentine path with landscape flanked the east side of the roadway. The original drawingws by Carey K. Jenkins showed the driveway layout and relation to the walkway but no landscape information was included.

Also modified is the pedestrian walkway from MACC to the east facade of the Interns and Physicians Building. Walkway drawings are dated 1970 and are stamped "as-built" in 1978 so they were part of the early workings of the facility. The drawings for the walkway have only Carey K. Jenkins name in title block as architect. The walled courtyard and recreation area that was located south of the Interns and Physicians Building has been removed. This area served the Interns and Physicians Building and othe staff of the hospital complex. The recreation area was slightly below grade with a surrounding wall and landscape. The facility included an outdoor basketball court, two tennis courts, and a moderate sized pool. The undulating landscaped exterior wall along the south and east of the outdoor space had provided a decorative backdrop. The layout including the wall are shown on drawings dated 1970 with Carey K. Jenkins listed as Architect.


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Historical Context: The history and development of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus may

be understood within the contexts of its association with the history and development of the Willowbrook area and its direct linkage with the McCone Commission’s recommendation for a new hospital in South Los Angeles in the wake of the 1965 civil unrest. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus, the Willowbrook area’s largest construction project in the years following the 1965 civil unrest, was constructed on the recommendation of the McCone Commission, which identified the lack of access to health care as one of the contributing factors to the civil unrest.

Development of the Willowbrook Area (1893–1980) The unincorporated area of Los Angeles County known as Willowbrook originated as one of several early settlements located to the southeast of the Pueblo de Los Angeles. In 1781, Governor Felipe de Neve granted the region’s first settlement, Nuestra Senora La Reina de Los Angeles, or the Pueblo de Los Angeles, with a vast territory covering approximately 28 square miles. In the 1820s, an early settler, Anastacio Abila, utilized the Willowbrook area for grazing cattle. In 1843, Abila was granted approximately 4,500 acres of land, named Rancho Tajauta. Rancho Tajauta occupied an area roughly defined today as south of today’s Firestone Boulevard and north of Rosecrans Avenue, from Alameda Street on the east to the Harbor Freeway on the west. Rancho Tajauta’s boundaries were surveyed and slightly altered after the admission of California to the Union in 1850. Maps from the mid-19th century depict the area as open land crossed by springs. During this period, the southern boundary of the City of Los Angeles was established in the vicinity of today’s Exposition Boulevard. Despite introduction of residential development in Willowbrook, the area continued to be used primarily for grazing. Construction of railroads in the 1870s increased Los Angeles’ connectivity with the rest of the nation and rangeland uses gave way to a new era of farming, that included construction of roads and farmhouses. In ensuing decades the city’s population grew rapidly, creating demand for housing. Land speculators targeted the southern portion of the growing metropolitan area for new housing developments, often concentrated along railroad lines. An historical topographic maps from1893shows the area the Willowbrook adjacent to the San Pedro branch of the Southern Pacific railroad line consisting of undeveloped land, dotted by occasional dwellings and crossed by a small network of roads. Settlement in this era was concentrated to the south of the project site, in Compton and, to the east, in Downey. In 1903, the Willowbrook Tract was recorded along the newly constructed Pacific Electric railway line to Long Beach. By 1904, much of the formerly open land located to the east of the project site was platted to accommodate agricultural and residential uses.


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Willowbrook’s proximity to rail lines provided the area’s working-class residents with ready access to jobs and services to downtown Los Angeles to the northeast and to Long Beach to the south. The general area became known as Willowbrook named after the Pacific Electric Railroad staion that was located near the new Willowbrook subdivision along 126th Street. A 1923 map of the Willowbrook area depicts several widely spaced and unconnected streets, suggesting the presence of undeveloped land or land occupied by agricultural uses. Willowbrook retained a low-density mix of residential and agricultural uses into the 1940s. In 1945, the Palm Lanes Housing Project was constructed by the Los Angeles Housing Authority on the site of today’s Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Center. Consisting of 75 low-rise buildings with a total of 300 units, the project was built as temporary housing for returning World War II veterans. Over the next 20 years the buildings deteriorated and by 1966 the Housing Authority could not re-rent the units as they did not meet current health and safety code standards. In 1966, the Palm Lane Housing Project was purchased by the County of Los Angeles and all buildings on the site were demolished. Construction of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center began in 1968 and the new Willowbrook area facility opened in 1972 as the seventh hospital in the Los Angeles County Department ofHealth Services and the third Los Angeles County teaching hospital. In 1979, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved a plan created by the Watts Labor Community Action Committee, to redevelop 365 acres in Willowbrook, further urbanizing the area. During the 1980s, new homes, the Kenneth Hahn Shopping Plaza, and a new water system were built in Willowbrook. In 1984, the first permanent building on the campus of Charles Drew University immediately to the north of the medical center, the W. Montague Cobb Medical Education Building, was dedicated. Campus construction would continue at Charles Drew University throughout the 1980s. The south area of Los Angeles, including Willowbrook, has a historic identity with African-American settlement, dating to the late 1910s when migrating African Americans began settling in Watts, a then rural working-class community located just outside the boundaries of the City of Los Angeles. As opportunities to live in the City of Los Angeles were often unavailable to African Americans due in part to restrictive residential covenants, locations just outside the city boundaries provided opportunities for African Americans to establish communities. Only with the easing of discriminatory practices after World War II did African Americans begin to move to other parts of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The historically African American areas of south Los Angeles experienced a demographic shift between 1970 and 1990. The 1970 Census reported that the residential composition of south Los Angeles was predominantly African American at 86.2 percent.


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By 1990, the African American population of South Los Angeles decreased, with African Americans comprising 39.6 percent of residents, while the Latino population rose to 58 percent. Today, south Los Angeles comprises a mix of African Americans, Latinos, and other ethnicities. Development of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus (1965-1971) The development of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus between1965 and 1971 was a direct result of the County of Los Angeles Board of Supervisor’s approval of recommendations from the McCone Commission to respond to the civil unrest that had occurred in the Watts-Willowbrook area in 1965. On August 11, 1965, California Highway Patrol officers arrested Marquette Frye for suspected drunken driving in the Watts neighborhood in South Los Angeles. A subsequent confrontation erupted in civil unrest. Over the following six days, violence left 34 persons dead, over 1,000 persons injured, damaged over 600 buildings, and burned business districts. The National Guard was called to intervene and placed a cordon around a vast region of South Los Angeles. In December 1965, California Governor Pat Brown appointed John McCone, former director of the Central Intelligence Agency, to investigate the causes of the unrest. The resulting Governor’s Commission on the Los Angeles Riots, known as the McCone Commission, produced a report, Violence in the City: an End or a Beginning?, which cited poverty and racial discrimination as the unrest’s major contributing causes. The McCone Commission report acknowledged the commitment required by all citizens to address the severity of the issue:

"...the avenue of violence and lawlessness leads to a dead end. To travel the long and difficult road will require courageous leadership and determined participation by all parts of our community, but no task in our times is more important. Of what shall it avail our nation if we can place a man on the moon but cannot cure the sickness in our cities?"

In comparison to the rest of the metropolitan area, the McCone Commission found that south Los Angeles had a greater incidence of disease, fewer medical facilities, inadequate private hospitals, and lack of medical professionals. The McCone Commission recommended the construction of a hospital, stating that “Immediate and favorable consideration should be given to a new, comprehensively-equipped hospital in this area” and called for establishment of a local committee comprised of “citizens of the area and representatives of the Los Angeles County Department of Charities, Los Angeles County Medical Association, the California Medical Association, the State Department of Health, and medical and public health schools.” In addition to the recommendation for a new hospital, the McCone Commission recommended the facility


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specialize in postgraduate education of physicians and medical assistants through affiliation with one or more medical schools. The McCone Commission’s recommendation for a hospital reiterated a need that was already unidentified local concern in the years leading to the 1965 unrest. The Charles Drew Medical Society, an association of African American medical professionals named in honor of pioneering African American physician and plasma specialist Charles R. Drew, had advocated for construction of a medical school and hospital in the Willowbrook area since the 1950s. Lack of a local hospital required Willowbrook area residents to travel over 15 miles to County facilities located near downtown Los Angeles for emergency or outpatient services. In February 1966, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors unanimously approved construction of a new teaching hospital in the Watts-Willowbrook area in a direct response to the McCone Commission’s findings. A task force was organized to develop an architectural program for the new hospital. In March 1966, an architectural team for the “Los Angeles County Southeast General Hospital” was selected. The team included three architectural firms: Adrian Wilson and Associates; Nielsen, Moffatt, and Wolverton; and Carey K. Jenkins and Associates, Inc. The team also included landscape architects Earl W. Peterson and Yoshiro Befu. The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors appointed Carey K. Jenkins and Associates, Inc. to develop a multi-phased master plan of projected facilities. County Supervisor Kenneth Hahn spearheaded the drive to construct the new hospital facility, navigating considerable political and funding hurdles. A Southeast General Hospital Joint Authority Commission was established to identify funding and oversee building of the project, which would be leased back to the County to operate. In August 1966, seeking a location for the new facility, the County Board of Supervisors purchased the 30-acre Palm Lane Housing Project from the County Housing Authority for $100,000. In April1968, Los Angeles County Supervisors accepted contractor Robert E. McKee’s $24.5 million bid to construct the facility. Local efforts—including the Watts Health Foundation and the King Drew Auxiliary, led by community activists such as Mary Henry, Caffie Green, Johnnie Tillman, Nona Carter, and Lillian Harkless Mobley—were instrumental in securing community support for the project. Following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 4, 1968, the County Board of Supervisors unanimously adopted Supervisor Hahn’s resolution to rename the Southeast General Hospital in honor of Dr. King. The Groundbreaking ceremony for Martin Luther King Jr. General Hospital was held on May 4, 1968. Planning efforts for the hospital represented the area’s largest construction project since the 1965 civil unrest. The project’s primary building, known today as the Multi-service Ambulatory Care Center (MACC), was promoted not only as an opportunity to increase the availability of medical care in South Los Angeles but as an important new source of


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local employment. Supervisor Hahn personally monitored the ethnic and racial composition of the project’s construction workers to ensure that employment reflected the predominantly African American demographic of the area. Priority was also given to African Americans for hospital staff positions. Operation of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Campus (1972–2010) In July 1971, Martin Luther King Jr. General Hospital and Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School entered into a contract to provide health care and education services. In addition to the promise of increased employment and educational opportunities, it was hoped that the project would positively impact the wider community and generate local investment. In 1972, hospital administrator Charles E. Windsor stated:

"Like the rock thrown in the pond, this Area Health-Education Center will set in motion ripples of productive activity throughout the community. For where there are hospitals there will be uniform shops and shoe shops, recreational facilities, restaurants, lodging places, rest homes, convalescent homes, medical offices and all of the other things that will create the kind of economic base that is required to support a healthy community."

Approximately one year later, on March 27, 1972, the new hospital accepted its first patient. Over the next five months, the hospital treated 42,618 outpatients, prompting County Supervisor Kenneth Hahn to note, “Building the hospital fulfilled the No. 1 health recommendation of the McCone Commission which investigated the Watts riot of 1965.” During 1973, the facility cared for approximately 9,000 inpatients, 40,000 emergency room visitors, and 160,000 outpatients, and delivered 1,832 babies. In December 1977, Drew Medical School established an undergraduate medical program in conjunction with the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1982, the Martin Luther King Jr. General Hospital and Drew Medical School became known as the Martin Luther King, Jr./Drew Medical Center. During the 1980s and 1990s, the facility provided medical services to some of Los Angeles County’s neediest citizens. As the only public hospital in South Los Angeles, the facility persevered through numerous challenges, including meeting the intense need for medical care of the poor and uninsured, funding cuts, treating victims of violence, and addressing new health crises such as HIV/AIDS. By the late 1990s, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus was the only Level 1 trauma center in the region and charged with handling the most difficult medical emergencies over a 94 square mile area of Watts, Compton, Willowbrook and South Los Angeles inhabited by 1.5 million residents. The facility employed 3,000 people and provided postgraduate training for 300 resident physicians. Founded with high aspirations after the Watts civil disturbance, Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus was troubled by repeated incidents of purported


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mismanagement. In 2004, the Los Angeles Times published the results of an in-depth investigation by a team of reporters documenting managerial issues and neglect at the facility that were believed to have contributed to harm to some patients and even the loss of life. In 2005, the hospital’s Level 1 trauma center was closed with other hospital facilities and departments following suit by 2007. Since 2007, the hospital has functioned as a MACC with clinics for urgent care and outpatient visits. In 2009, the County of Los Angeles Board of Supervisors approved the rehabilitation of the Inpatient Tower (constructed in 1993) to house a 120-bed inpatient facility, and state and county officials announced a new agreement that would reopen the hospital. Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus Historic District The Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus appears eligible as an Historic District under NRHP and CRHR Criteria A/1 for its exceptional importance in relation to the Civil Rights movement in Los Angeles, as epitomized by the 1965 civil unrest in the Watts area and resultant McCone Commission’s recommendations. The period of significance of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus is 1966-1979. The historic district is also significant as a major milestone in the history and development of the Willowbrook area. Originating during a turbulent era in the history of Los Angeles County and the nation, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus represented the hopes and aspirations of South Central Los Angeles residents and Los Angeles County officials. The McCone Commission had identified the lack of access to health care in the historically underserved area of South Central Los Angeles as one of the primary contributing factors to the civil disturbances, along with high unemployment and limited educational opportunities. The new campus was intended to serve multiple roles as a medical facility and economic engine, rectifying past inequalities regarding medical services, employment, and educational facilities in South Central Los Angeles. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus Historic District demonstrates exceptional importance as a rare, surviving community development project that was built to respond to the 1965 civil unrest. As part of the national civil rights movement that rose in the 1960s, the civil disturbances in and around Watts in 1965 were a pivotal moment in the history of Los Angeles County. The McCone Commission and its recommendations represented a turning point in local governance, when the Countyof Los Angeles made a concerted effort to redress the inequalities that the McCone Commission identified as some of the underlying causes of the upheaval. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center was a centerpiece of the County’s response and as such has exceptional importance as physical manifestation of significant historical events of the 1960s in Los Angeles. Furthermore,


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the name it bears represents one of the most visible local efforts to commemorate a prophet of the national civil rights movement, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. In fulfilling the mandate of the McCone Commission, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus project incorporated an active program of community involvement efforts. Hospital staff regularly attended various local community meetings and the community participated in the plans for the development and operation of the hospital. As a result of community outreach efforts, medical service needs that expanded beyond the facility’s initial vision were identified and led to the acquisition by the County of Los Angeles of an additional 16 acres north of 120th Street to create a comprehensive “Area Health Education Center.” Demonstrating the project’s responsiveness to the provision of local community services, the MACC incorporated spaces for educational and assembly uses, including 50,000 square feet for classrooms and conference rooms. This space was intended for use in providing employment training for local residents and continuing education classes for health professionals at the facility. The development of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center represented a major shift in the history and development of the Willowbrook area, which, prior to the project, was a relatively undistinguished community that still retained substantial vestiges of its original rural uses. The new hospital inspired high hopes as an economic generator and top-notch medical facility that would provide abundant opportunities in an area of considerable need, or, as stated by Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Administrator Charles E. Windsor in 1972:

“This multimillion dollar project is being set in the middle of desert of deprivation offering hope and light where there has been none, offering opportunities in fields heretofore unknown to the residents in this area, and offering medical services of a quality which would be desirable even in the most prosperous of communities.”

In ensuing years, the Matrin Luther King Jr. Medical Center employed thousands of workers, provided needed health care services, provided opportunities for medical professional training and development, and spurred numerous development projects in Willowbrook, including a large scale redevelopment plan, dozens of new homes, the Kenneth Hahn Shopping Plaza and a new water system. Related by function, period of significance (1966–1979), physical placement, and complementary architectural styles, the four buildings (Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center, Multi-Service Ambulatory Care Center (MACC), Interns and Physicians Building, and Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium) that comprise the historic district convey intentionality as the key buildings of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus. The buildings are connected by walkways and each of these buildings have adjacent landscape areas that are contributing elements to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus Historic District.


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PART II. PHYSICAL INFORMATION A. Landscape Character and Description Summary The site is in a region that is generally flat with few natural features and originally with minimal landscape or trees. The parcel was developed by the County of Los Angeles with multi-family housing in the 1940s that was demolished for the Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus. The main original hospital building (Multi-service Ambulatory Care Center) is located toward the south of the property and setback a deep distance from Wilmington Avenue on the east. A flat long rectangle of lawn with central concrete walkway extends from the middle portion of the building out to the street. The main entry road aligns with the north side of the lawn and then turns in front of the building like a circular drive and wraps back around the south side of the lawn where it links with the surface parking areas and finally loops back to the entry road. A service road runs the length of the southern boundary and there is a small berm to visually separate the roadway from the remaining campus with a row of palm trees that extends from Wilmington Avenue to the main hospital building. To the north of the main original hospital building an additional large medical facility, the Comprehensive Mental Health Center, was built connected by a an enclosed walk bridge The new building's ground floor was set below grade with a sunken landscape court surrounding the building. The sunken court consists mostly areas of lawn with concrete meandering paths sitting areas, low shrubs and a few trees. At the western end the sunken area was built slightly larger and includes a children's playground with a large lawn and a concrete court area. Additional ancillary buildings providing hospital services continue from the rear (west) side of the hospital linked by a spine like covered arcade with a few small patches of landscape at breaks between buildings. At the far western end the walk concludes at the residential quarters for interns and employees that has a pool and concrete deck area at the southwest corner of the site. There is also an entry from the north with flanking lawn and a few trees on either side concluding at a small circular drive just north of the outdoor covered walkway by the residential quarters . Otherwise the surrounding site remains mostly covered with asphalt surfaced parking lots.

B. Character Defining Features:

1. Natural Features: a. Topography The Matrin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus Historic District is located in an urbanized area of South Los Angeles of relatively level terrain. The site is surrounded primarily by small residential buildings on the east, south and west. A half mile to the north of the site is Interstate 105. Between the Matrin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus and the Interstate 105 are institutional uses, the


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Charles R. Drew University of Medicine cmpus and Los Angeles Unified School District’s Lincoln Elementary School. The Matrin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus site was first graded to support construction of the Palm Lane Housing Project that contained 75 residential buildings. After these buildings were demolished, the site was again groomed for construction, this time for the campus complex that includes buildings, support structures, open space landscaped areas and surface parking lots.

2. Spatial Organization:

a. Circulation and Landscape Design Elements

The campus function of the property is most evident in the design of its landscaped areas, that include the large, elongated lawn to the east of the MACC, gardens, courtyards, and circulation routes for pedestrians and vehicles. There are several pedestrian walkways that connect the four historic district contributing buildings. The walkways enabled medical personnel and students to travel expeditiously around the campus. The MACC is connected to the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium via a low covered walkway that extends from the MACC’s east facade, which provides a physical link between the medical (MACC) and assembly (Auditorium) uses. Walkways also connect the MACC to the August F. Hawkins Building as well as to the Interns and Physicialns Building. Existing gardens and courtyards, particularly those associated with the Augusts F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center and the Interns and Physicians Building, provided recreational facilities for medical students and expressed the property’s historic function as a medical center campus. Character Defining Features The seven landscape design elements of the Matrin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus Historic District include: Landscape Design Features Related to the Multi-service Ambulatory Care Center (MACC): •Elongated lawn located east of the MACC, which is bounded by a primary entrance road •Walkways emenating from the MACC •Pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC to the east façade of the Interns and Physicians Building


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•Pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC’s east façade to the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium •Pedestrian walkway extending from the north elevation of the MACC to the August F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center Other Landscape Design Features: •Sunken garden and walled courtyard located south and west of the August F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center •Walled courtyard and recreation area located south of the Interns and Physicians Building •Drop-off area located north of the Interns and Physicians Buildling and west of the North Suport Building Elongated Lawn The Elongated Lawn is located at the original main entry to the Martin Luther King Medical Center Campus and is related to the Multi-service Ambulatory Care Center (MACC) Building and the early development of the site. The lawn, encircled by the entry drive, centers on the main entry to the MACC Building, an imposing five story building. This deep lawn provided a setting to reinforce the importance and magnitude of the medical facility. The layout with roadways and center walk were part of the original design in the architect's drawings for the MACC building in 1968 and planting plans were developed by 1970. These supplementary planting drawings show Peterson and Befu listed as Landscape Architects, a Los Angeles area landscape architecture firm but there is little information published on their work. (One guidebook for elderly housing design included projects with their participation: Tokyo Towers and Central City East housing from the late 1970s to early 1980s, both located in Los Angeles.) The current landscape remains predominately open lawn but very few trees remain from the original plan. A set of palm trees flanking the sidewalk as it approaches the MACC building have been added. The row of light fixtures along the side of the walkway are not indicated on the site plan but they appear to be in place in the early photographs at the end of construction. The building’s primary entrance is recessed with a deeply cantilevered canopy. Landscape elements—including the central lawn crossed by a single paved sidewalk, an allée of tall palms to the south of the property, and ornamental trees and shrubs


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located along the building’s primary façade—serve to further emphasize the building’s role as the primary care facility of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus. The axial entry walk originating at the public sidewalk, highlighted by a row of light fixtures and crossing the wide open lawn with trees mostly grouped toward the MACC building were part of the original experience of entering this important community facility. Walkways emenating from the MACC The walkways that connect the MACC to other major buildings on the Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus Historic District are important citculation paths and link the buildings that comprise the medical campus. The extant walkways include: the pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC’s east façade to the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium; the pedestrian walkway extending from the north elevation of the MACC to the August F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center; and the pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC to the east façade of the Interns and Physicians Building. Walkway drawings are dated 1970 and are stamped "as-built" in 1978 so they were part of the early workings of the facility. The drawings for the walkway have only Carey K. Jenkins name in title block as architect. •Pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC to the east façade of the Interns and Physicians Building A landscape element to the Martin Luther King Medical Center Campus that has been recently modified is the pedestrian walkway from the west elevation of the MACC to the east facade of the Interns and Physicians Building. These arcades have rectangular concrete piers and an exposed concrete roof system. The design had similar elements found in the structural expression of the MACC building. Utilitarian light fixtures are mounted on the concrete ceiling. The arcade is designed with entry points expressed by a higher roof and added set of columns. The original drop off at the Interns and Physicians Building was located adjacent to the raised porch-like structure extending from the walkway on the north. Offsets as the arcade navigates between buildings are also articulated by a raised larger roof. The arcade remained as unpainted exposed concrete. •Pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC’s east façade to the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium A low coverd walkway extends the very short distance from the MACC to the one-story Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium and establishes the spatial relationship between the Auditorium and the MACC.


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•Pedestrian walkway extending from the north elevation of the MACC to the August F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center. An elevated walkway constructed of reinforced concrete provides pedestrian access from the west elevation of the MACC to the east façade of the August F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center building.

Sunken Garden and Walled Courtyard at Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Care Center Another landscape element is the Sunken Garden and Walled Courtyard areas along the south and west sides of the Augustus F. Hawkins Building. The drawings for this project dated July 1976 list Jenkins -Fleming, Architects, Inc. (Carey K. Jenkins) and Peterson and Befu ASLA as "Landscape Architects and Site Planners". So although the Augustus Hawkins Building with its exterior landscaped component was constructed 5 to 6 years later than the initial medical campus development, the structure and exterior court was designed by some of the same team. The exterior landscaped area included winding paths and seating areas with a variety of play areas such as a sand pits, a basketball court, a pool and other potentially therapeutic activity areas. This walled-off area was below grade and separated from the surrounding automobile circulation and parking. Original landscaping features include the walled courtyard with pathways, sunken garden along south elevation, and low planter wall long the north façade. The low planter wall that extends along the building’s north façade and continues beyond the building to the west, contains a thickly planted assortment of compact trees, ornamental shrubs, and landscape plantings. An entrance to the building is located on the building’s south elevation is accessed bia a pedestrian bridge that passes over a sunken garden contining numerous examples of evergreens and ornamental vegetation. To the west, the sunken garden transitions into the former recreation area. Recent modifications occurred on the south and west sides of the buiding. The long narrow portion of the sunken court along the south side of the building remains with a simplified landscape design.

Walled Courtyard and Recreation Area located south of the Interns and Physicians Building This walled courtyard and recreations area served the Intern's and Physicians Building and other staff of the hospital complex. The recreation area included a section slightly below grade with a surrounding wall and landscape. The facility


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originally included an outdoor basketball court, two tennis courts and a moderate sized pool. The undulating landscaped exterior wall along the south and east of the outdoor space provided a decorative backdrop. The layout including the wall are shown on drawings dated 1970 with Carey K. Jenkins listed as Architect. The recreation facility was linked to the exterior corridor system to provide a full range of services on the campus. Recent modifications have altered portions of the walled courtyard and recreation area. Drop-off area located north of the Interns and Physicians Building and west of the North Support Building The Interns and Physicians Building originally featured a circular drop off adjacent to the pedestrian walkway from east facade of the Interns and Physicians Building to the MACC. The drop off provided a link and transition from automobile to the internal site circulation. The circular drive and drop-off was coordinated with the pedestrian walk and aligned with a taller porch-like roof projection of the covered walkway. A single drive from the north approached the circular drive on center. Large trees and other landscape elements included a serpentine path with landscape along the east side flanked the roadway. The area inside the circular drive at the walkway drop-off appears to have been open lawn. The drawings by Carey K. Jenkins, Architect show the driveway layout and relation to walkway but no landscape is included. Parking Lots/ Motor vehicle circulation The majority of the property is covered with flat asphalt surface parking lots. The lots are generally featureless except for the geometry of painted white striping. The main feature and primary circulation element is the roadway that enters from Wilmington Avenue and surrounds the elongated lawn on the east. As this asphalt roadway approaches to the curve in front of the main building it also jogs slightly north and then west again alongside the main hospital building and beneath the covered walk bridge to the building on the north. The western end of the property is similarly mostly occupied with surface parking. There is an entry drive from the north bordered by lawn and trees. b. Buildings Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus The Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus was planned and constructed between 1968 and 1972. Three Los Angeles firms were selected to collaboratively design the new facility: Adrian Wilson and Associates; Carey K. Jenkins; and Nielsen,


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Moffatt, and Wolverton. Two of these firms, Adrian Wilson and Associates and Nielsen, Moffatt, and Wolverton already had considerable experience in the planning and design of hospitals and medical facilities. The initial buildings of the Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus, including the MACC, were built by contractor Robert E. McKee, Inc. As the hospital’s primary patient care facility, the MACC, exhibits elements of the Brutalism style, which was a popular choice for public and institutional buildings constructed during the 1960s and 1970s. In the ensuing years, subsequently constructed buildings and structures located on the project site refer broadly to the Brutalism design precedent embodied in the MACC. The main buildings of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus were constructed in phases during the late 1960s and 1970s. The earliest improvements included the three wings of the MACC, the Central Plant, and the Medical Records and Laundry Building, which were all operational by 1972. In 1973, the North and South Support buildings and the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium were built. The Interns and Physicians Building was constructed circa 1974. A second phase of the Central Plant building was completed in 1975, followed by the Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center in 1979. No building permits were located that provided specific dates of subsequent buildings; however, several support buildings, such as the Cooling Towers, Oasis Clinic, Storage Buildings, and the Hub Clinic were built during the 1970s and 1980s. The early 1990s brought several new buildings to the Medical Center: the Registration Building, Inpatient Tower, Pediatric Acute Care, Emergency Room, and the MRI Building. The individual buildings and the Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Center Campus as a whole have been continuously modified to meet the needs of the hospital and hospital building safety codes; between 1973 and 2008, nearly 140 construction projects were completed, with costs in excess of $143 million. Brutalism Brutalism, pioneered by the architect Le Corbusier, developed in part as a return to the functionalist principles defined by early modernist architects. Brutalism prioritized simplicity and function in form and materials. Brutalist buildings are typically constructed of rough unfinished concrete, or breton brut, and utilized prefabricated construction techniques. Structural elements, such as steel beams, are often left exposed. Forms are often monolithic and monumental. Windows may be small and/or nonfunctional. Many Brutalist buildings convey a sense of stark austerity. In contrast to the transparency and refinement conveyed by the use of glass and steel in International style buildings, Brutalist buildings, constructed primarily of concrete, often appear solid, raw and unfinished. Considered easy to construct and maintain, the Brutalist style was widely popular for government, civic,


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and institutional buildings during the 1960s and 1970s.Examples of Brutalist buildings include Le Corbusier’s Unite d’Habitation (1952) in Marseille, France and Secretariat Building (1953) in Chandigarh, India, the Architecture Building at Yale University (Paul Rudolph, 1958), and the Jack Langson Library, UC Irvine (William Pereira, 1965). The MACC building and connected landscape elements, constructed in the early 1970s, incorporate elements of the Brutalism style. Like many Brutalist buildings, it is characterized by use of concrete, horizontality, monolithic massing, geometric repetition, and exposed structural elements. In contrast to the International Style’s enthusiasm for transparency via glass curtain walls, its windows are de-emphasized and the contrast between the heavy solidity of the concrete structure and the voids of the horizontal bands of windows are played up instead. In keeping the Brutalism aesthetic, ornamentation is minimal, with an overall appearance of simplicity in form and an implied visual strength. Similarly, the Interns and Physicians Building (circa 1975) and Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center (1979) also exhibit the hallmarks of Brutalist architecture. The exterior circulation arcade is similarly styled. The Los Angeles County submitted an intensive level cultural resources survey prepared by Sapphos Environmental, Inc. as part of the 2010 Environmental Impact Report for the proposed Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus Redevelopment Project. A total of 21 buildings that occupy the site were evaluated to determine if any were historically significant. Four buildings, connected by walkways and other landscape design elements, appear to meet the criteria for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and California Register of Historical Resources as contributors to a potential Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus Historic District. The buildings include: Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Medical Health Center; Multi-Service Ambulatory Care Center (MACC); Interns and Physicians Building; and, Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium. Contributing features to the potential historic district also include seven landscape elements, three walkways and four open space and recreation areas. The seven landscape elements are significant site features that connect the historic buildings and define the Historic District. The remaining 17 buildings and structures do not contribute to the historic district and are not considered to be historical resources. The Historic District with its four contributing buildings and seven contributing landscape design elements have been recorded on California Historic Resources Inventory forms with the NRHP Status Code of 3D. It appears eligible for National Register as a contributor to a National Register eligible district through survey evaluation.


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PART III. SOURCES OF INFORMATION A. Drawings, plans:

Drawings for Elongated Lawn and Pedestrian walkway extending from the MACC’s east facade to the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium Site plan dated July 1970 (Source: Drawing number RPA-3-1. Los Angeles County Department of Public Works) Planting Plan dated August 1970. Landscape Architect title block for Peterson and Befu added for this drawing. (Source: Drawing number RPA-L-62. LACO Department of Public Works) Drawings for West Walkway from MACC building to Interns and Physicians Building

Drawings for arcade dated 1970. (Source: Drawing number A-35. LACO Department of Public Works)

Arcade drawings have Carey K. Jenkins listed as architect. (Source: Drawing number A-36. LACO Department of Public Works) West Walkway from MACC building to Intern's and Physician's Building, Drop-off area located north of the Interns and Physicians Building and west of the North Support Building & Walled courtyard and recreation area located south of the Interns and Physicians Building The original arcaded walkway connected the original facilities from the west side of MACC to the Interns and Physicians Building with the adjacent courts and recreation area. Also shown on the upper right is the original drop off west of MACC that tied into the circulation. (Source: Drawing number A-2. LACO Department of Public Works) A drop-off was created at the western end of the campus between the Interns and Physicians Building and the North Support Building. The adjacent walkway is articulated by a porch like projection at the drop off. (Source: Drawing number A-3. LACO Department of Public Works) Sunken garden and walled courtyard located south and west of the Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center Drawing of sunken court along south and west side of Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center. The building is connected to MACC by the bridge at the southeast. The area on the west has been eliminated with a small


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simplified sunken section remaining. (Source: Drawing number L-2. LACO Department of Public Works)

Original Drop off at north west corner of MACC with connection to west entry and walkway An original feature of the site was a drop off at the northwest corner of the MACC that connected to the west entry to MACC and the walkway. (Source: Drawing number RPA-2-1. LACO Department of Public Works)


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B. Bibliography

1. Primary and unpublished:

Cultural Resources Technical Report by Sapphos Environmental, Inc. August 2010 RPT-Sapphos DEIR Compiled Volumes I & II 08-31-10 2. Secondary and Published:

"About Donan Associates." BDA Landscape Architects. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2015. Aerial Photographs: EDR Environmental Data Resources, Inc. Clifford, John, ed. "The Wattles Mansion - A Special Jewel For Hollywood." Editorial. Hollywood Heritage [Hollywood] Winter 2002, 21st ed., sec. 4: 10. Hollywood Heritage Inc. Nonstop Printing. Web. 28 Dec. 2015. “Company Changes Name.” Editorial. Los Angeles Times 6 July 1986: n. pag. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Web. 17 Dec. 2015. Drawings: Los Angeles County Southeast General Hospital, Adrian Wilson & Associates; Nielsen, Moffatt & Wolverton; Carey K. Jenkins, 1970 Drawings: Martin Luther King General Hospital Interns and Resident Physicians Building: Carey K. Jenkins, Architect 1970 Drawings: Martin Luther King Jr. General Hospital Psychiatric and Clinical Sciences Building: Jenkins Fleming Architects, Inc. 1977 Historic Photographs: County of Los Angeles MLK Medical Center Campus archives from Los Angeles County Department of Public Works and in Los Angeles County Department of Health Services Site visits – Photographs: David Kaplan - January 14, 2015, March 23, 2015


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PART IV. PROJECT INFORMATION The Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Campus along with the type and method of medical services continues to evolve and the County of Los Angeles has prepared a master plan for change that will eventually transform the site and the delivery of medical services at the hospital complex. The County hired Sapphos Environmental, Inc. to prepare a Cultural Resources Technical Report in August 2010. That report determined that the Martin Luther King Jr. Medical Campus was potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic Places although there has been no application or designation. The report also detailed a number of character defining features including the front lawn, the pedestrian circulation spine and the grouping of medical buildings. Under the California Environmental Quality Act, impacts to historic resources must be evaluated and mitigated. Mitigations were outlined in the report that included compilation of historic information and images to be provided to the Library of Congress and local archival resources such as the Los Angeles Public Library. The documentation provided in this report relates to the overall layout of the campus, focusing on the elongated lawn and pedestrian circulation spine, features that may be modified in the proposed project. David Kaplan, Historic Architect with Kaplan Chen Kaplan in Santa Monica California, reviewed site information, took current color photographs and prepared this report. The County of Los Angeles who funded this effort provided additional background information, drawings and historic photographs collected by Esther Diaz, Senior Project Administrator and Gillian Minter, Project Manager both with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. Current black and white photographs were taken and printed archivally by Tom Zimmerman of Los Angeles. This work occured May to December 2015.


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PART V. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Campus Map

Site Plan. (Source: Los Angeles County (LACO) Department of Public Works)

Aerial Photo of Elongated Lawn ca.2007. (Source: LACO Department of Public Works)


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Aerial photo of Historic District from Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus (Source: LACO Department of Public Works)

Map of Historic District from Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus Redevelopment Project Environmental Impact Report 2010. (Source: LACO Department of Public Works)


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Photography Key Map

(Source: Los Angeles County (LACO) Department of Public Works)


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PHOTOGRAPHS Aerial Photographs of Site1963-2009

Aerial photograph 1963 prior to site clearance and construction. (Source: Enivornmental Data Resources, Inc.)

Aerial photograph 1977 (Source: Enivornmental Data Resources, Inc.)


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Aerial photograph 1979. The Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center with sunken gardens is almost complete. (Source: Enivornmental Data Resources, Inc.)

Aerial photograph 1989. Landscape features in red. (Source: Enivornmental Data Resources, Inc.)


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Aerial photograph 1994. Construction of Inpatient Tower northwest of the MACC Building is underway, removing one of the original drop off areas. (Source: Enivornmental Data Resources, Inc.)

Aerial photograph 2005 (Source: Enivornmental Data Resources, Inc.)

Aerial photograph 2009 (Source: LACO Department of Public Works)


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Historic Images of Martin Luther King, Jr. Medical Center Campus

Photograph ca.1970 not long after completion of construction of the MACC Building. The lawn, pathway with line of pole lights and encircling roadway have been completed. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

Photograph ca.1970 prior to landscape (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Photograph ca.1970 (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

View along walkway to MACC building entry ca. early 1970s that shows initial tree plantings and pole light fixtures along path. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Photograph ca.1990s (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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View of elongated lawn and MACC building (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

Early photo of Interns and Physicians Building with landscaped drive in foreground and circular drop off partially visible on left. A curvilinear path weaved through the landscape on the near side. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Early view of pool area looking northwest towards the Interns and Resident Physicians Building (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

The walkway design continued the post and beam structural expression found in the design of the entryways to the Multi-service Ambulatory Care Center as well as the Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium (foreground). (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Early photo looking southeast from far northwest corner of sunken garden at Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center (Source: LACO Department of Health Services) Original Drop off (removed in 1994 construction)

View of original drop off west of MACC (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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View of original drop off west of MACC (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

Original drop off west of MACC (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Existing Conditions: Photographs of Elongated Lawn

View looking west towards MACC Building from center of walkway and lawn. Continuous row of pole light fixtures follows along one side of the path. (Source: David Kaplan)

View looking west towards MACC Building from center of lawn area (Source: David Kaplan)


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Terminus of main walkway is at covered entry to the MACC Building. (Source: David Kaplan)

View of MACC Building, entry driveway with signage from opposite corner on Wilmington Ave. Walkway to entry of MACC Building is to the left. (Source: David Kaplan)


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Looking east from cross driveway toward terminus at Wilmington Blvd. (Source: David Kaplan)

Looking west from cross driveway toward MACC Building entry. (Source: David Kaplan)


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View at eastern end of walkway toward Wilmington Ave. and covered bus stop. (Source: David Kaplan)

View from north side of Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium looking north east toward central lawn. (Source: David Kaplan)


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View looking north east toward central lawn with north side of Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium on right. (Source: David Kaplan)

View from north side of Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium looking east toward parking. (Source: David Kaplan)


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Panoramic view looking northeast at central lawn. MACC Building on left, Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium on right. Small connecting walkway from MACC to Auditorium behind. (Source: David Kaplan)

Dr. H. Claude Hudson Auditorium from driveway looking south. Short covered corridor at right connects with the MACC Building. (Source: David Kaplan)

ADDITIONAL MODIFIED LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS: Pedestrian walkway extending from the east facade of the Interns and Physicians Building to the MACC


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Aerial of west campus with corridor extending from Interns and Physicians Building to west side of MACC. A portion has been removed and incorporated into the circulation of a new building on the site. (Source: LACO Department of Public Works)

The remaining walkway is articulated with entry points including areas for benches and landscape. (Source: David Kaplan)


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Looking east at remaining arcade walkway. Offsets and intersections are highlighted by roof changes. (Source: David Kaplan)

This length of original corridor east of the North Support Building to west side of MACC has been removed and incorporated in construction of new building. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Earlier view along corridor to West entry to MACC. Original corridor section immediately west of MACC has been removed. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

Original connection of walkway from Intern and Physicians Building to east side of MACC. This area has been removed and replaced with new building. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Drop-off area located north of the Interns and Physicians Building and west of the North Support Building

Aerial view of entry drive from north and circular drop off drive. This area has been modified to surface parking. Area was landscaped with trees and park-like site elements. (Source: LACO Department of Public Works)

Circular drop off drive adjacent to raised roof area of walkway has been eliminated. Walkway extends westward and terminates at Intern's and Physician's Building. (Source: David Kaplan)


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Looking west at arcade walkway. This raised roof area of the walkway served as drop off point adjacent to circular drive and connected to the walkway through the medical facility. (Source: David Kaplan)

Walled courtyard and recreation area located south of the Interns and Physicians Buildingprior to demolition (Source: LACO Department of Public Works)


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Recreation area with courts and pool area at the Interns and Physicians Building. This area has been recently removed. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

View of courts. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Pool area at Interns and Physicians Building recreation area. View of undulating landscaped wall on east. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

Pool area and trimmed hedges at wall looking south east. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Sunken garden and walled courtyard located south and west of the Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center

Aerial View of Sunken garden and walled court at Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center. Area at west end has been modified for new project. (Source: LACO Department of Public Works.)

The bridge from MACC spans over the sunken garden area, looking west along south side of the Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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View of bridge to MACC with sunken garden at Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center at bottom of photo. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)

View of the activity area in the outdoor sunken courtyard at the Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services)


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Looking southeast from sunken garden west of the Augustus F. Hawkins Comprehensive Mental Health Center. (Source: LACO Department of Health Services) Existing Conditions: Photos of Elongated Lawn Area (refer to key map)

1. Southeast corner of lawn, looking towards MACC building. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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2. Overall view of elongated lawn from cross driveway. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

3. Northeast corner of lawn, overall view looking southwest including signage. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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4. Wilmington Avenue, view of north driveway entry looking west. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

5. Wilmington Avenue, overall direct view of MACC building, terminus, lawn, and walkway. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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6. Wilmington Avenue, looking to MACC building, terminus, lawn and walkway. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

7. Wilmington Avenue, overall view of MACC building and lawn. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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8. Wilmington Avenue, view of MACC building and lawn with signage. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

9. Entrance along south driveway, looking northwest. (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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10. Parking lot south of elongated lawn, looking northeast (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

11. South driveway looking northwest to corner of Dr. Claude Hudson Auditorium (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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12. Parking lot, close up of east side of Dr. Claude Hudson Auditorium (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

13. Southwest corner of roadway, view towards parking and Dr. Claude Hudson Auditorium on right (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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14. North side of Dr. Claude Hudson Auditorium, view towards parking (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

15. Northeast of Dr. Claude Hudson Auditorium, looking northeast at Wilmington Avenue (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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16. Northwest corner of Dr. Claude Hudson Auditorium, looking towards elongated lawn (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

17. Southwest corner of roadway, northeast view towards elongated lawn (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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18. Southwest side of elongated lawn, looking towards Wilmington Avenue (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

19. MACC building cross driveway, looking towards lawn and Wilmington Avenue (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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20. View from entrance of MACC building, looking towards lawn (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

21. Northwest corner ofelongated lawn, looking towards parking lot (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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22. Northwest corner of elongated lawn, looking southeast (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

23. Looking south across lawn with Dr. Claude Hudson Auditorium in view (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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24. Looking southwest across lawn to MACC building (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

25. Center of elongated lawn with view of entry to MACC building (Source: Tom Zimmerman


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26. Parking lot, looking west overall with lawn on right (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

27. Northeast part of lawn, looking southwest at MACC building (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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28. East of elongated lawn with view towards MACC entry (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

29. Southeast part of lawn, looking northwest (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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30. West end of elongated lawn, looking east towards Wilmington Avenue (Source: Tom Zimmerman) Pedestrian Walkway extending fromeast façade of Interns & Physicians Building to the MACC Building


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31. Pedestrian Walkway, looking west towards the main entrance of the Interns & Physicians Building (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

32. Transition of Pedestrian Walkway looking northeast towards North Support Building (Source: Tom Zimmerman)


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33. Walkway, looking east toward North Support Building and South Support Building (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

34. Drop off area at Pedestrian Walkway between North Support Building and Interns & Physicians Building (Source: Tom Zimmerman)

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. MEDICAL CENTER CAMPUS HALS …...Willowbrook, in the unincorporated territory of the County of Los Angeles, California. The medical campus is located approximately

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