Marpol 1-6 Ppt Part 1

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONMarpol 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978.

("Marpol" is short for marine pollution and 73/78 short for the years 1973 and 1978.)

Marpol 73/78 is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. It was designed to minimize pollution of the seas, including dumping, oil and exhaust pollution.

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The ObjectivesThe ObjectivesAt the end of the course, the trainees must At the end of the course, the trainees must be able to:be able to:Define marine pollution Define marine pollution

Discuss the impact of marine pollutionDiscuss the impact of marine pollution Describe how ships contribute to marine Describe how ships contribute to marine

pollutionpollution Enumerate and explain ways of preventing Enumerate and explain ways of preventing

marine pollutionmarine pollution State the rules governing marine pollutionState the rules governing marine pollution Explain the principles involved in preventing Explain the principles involved in preventing

marine pollution by cargo oil through specific marine pollution by cargo oil through specific construction and requirements for oil tanker construction and requirements for oil tanker and to comply with the relevant operational and to comply with the relevant operational requirementsrequirements

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Its stated object is: to preserve Its stated object is: to preserve the marine environment through the marine environment through the complete elimination of the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such of accidental discharge of such substances.substances.

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The original MARPOL Convention was The original MARPOL Convention was signed on 17 February 1973, but did not signed on 17 February 1973, but did not come into force. The current Convention is come into force. The current Convention is a combination of 1973 Convention and a combination of 1973 Convention and thethe 1978 Protocol. Protocol.

It entered into force on 2 October 1983. As It entered into force on 2 October 1983. As of 31 December 2005, 136 countries, of 31 December 2005, 136 countries, representing 98% of the world's shipping representing 98% of the world's shipping tonnage, are parties to the Conventiontonnage, are parties to the Convention

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All ships flagged under countries that All ships flagged under countries that are signatories to MARPOL are are signatories to MARPOL are subject to its requirements, subject to its requirements, regardless of where they sail, and regardless of where they sail, and member nations are responsible for member nations are responsible for vessels registered under their vessels registered under their respective nationalities.respective nationalities.

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Basic Principle of Marine PollutionAs seen from the space, the blue color of the planet earth is the vast water of ocean surrounding the beautiful planet about 70% of earth is comprised of water.

Marpol Annex I

Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution by Oilentered into force 02 Oct. 1983/Revised 01 jan. 2007

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Ocean are the biggest stores of water Ocean are the biggest stores of water on earth.on earth.

Water leaves the oceans through the Water leaves the oceans through the evaporation and then enters again evaporation and then enters again through rainfalls, lakes, rivers and through rainfalls, lakes, rivers and ground water.ground water.

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There was a time man thought that the There was a time man thought that the ocean was infinite and everything was ocean was infinite and everything was absorbed by it. absorbed by it.

Ocean and seas literally became the Ocean and seas literally became the receptors of almost all kinds of refuse receptors of almost all kinds of refuse originating from shore, as well as originating from shore, as well as waste coming from ship.waste coming from ship.

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In 1972, the united nation conference In 1972, the united nation conference on human environment was held in on human environment was held in stockholm, sweden.stockholm, sweden.

The conference provided an The conference provided an international forum to resolve international forum to resolve environmental issues that included environmental issues that included marine environment.marine environment.

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In the same year, another international In the same year, another international conference was held in london.conference was held in london.

This was the international convention This was the international convention on the prevention of pollution by on the prevention of pollution by dumping of waste and other matters dumping of waste and other matters ( london dumping convention)( london dumping convention)

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In 1973, the international convention In 1973, the international convention for the prevention of marine pollution for the prevention of marine pollution from ships was adopted.from ships was adopted.

This has been the most comprehensive This has been the most comprehensive convention as regard to the protection convention as regard to the protection of marine environment coming from of marine environment coming from ship.ship.

This convention was modified by the This convention was modified by the 1978 protocol relating thereto.1978 protocol relating thereto.

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It is popularly called It is popularly called MARPOL MARPOL 73/78.73/78. From this convention, the international From this convention, the international

regulation for prevention and control of regulation for prevention and control of marine pollution become an important marine pollution become an important concern of the marine community.concern of the marine community.

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VARIOUS MEANING OF POLLUTIONVARIOUS MEANING OF POLLUTION

The word pollution defined as something that The word pollution defined as something that makes a pure thing impure. Scientifically, makes a pure thing impure. Scientifically, pollution is the chemical gaseous and organic pollution is the chemical gaseous and organic waste, which contaminate air, soil, or water.waste, which contaminate air, soil, or water.Anything that pollutes these earth’s element is Anything that pollutes these earth’s element is called pollutant.called pollutant.

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Environmental pollution basically refers Environmental pollution basically refers to all kinds of pollution in the earth to all kinds of pollution in the earth environment.environment.

There are different meaning of There are different meaning of environmental pollution.environmental pollution.

The meaning depend on what part of The meaning depend on what part of the earth element has been polluted. the earth element has been polluted.

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The marine pollution is only one type of The marine pollution is only one type of environmental pollution.environmental pollution.

For the purpose of distinguishing For the purpose of distinguishing marine pollution from the other types of marine pollution from the other types of environmental pollutionenvironmental pollution

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Air pollution is also called atmospheric Air pollution is also called atmospheric pollution. Atmosphere outside our home pollution. Atmosphere outside our home may contain pollutants such as dust, smoke, may contain pollutants such as dust, smoke, vapors, etc.vapors, etc.

Substantial quantities of these pollutants Substantial quantities of these pollutants stay within the atmosphere for a period of stay within the atmosphere for a period of time.time.

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The quantities and duration oftentimes The quantities and duration oftentimes create harmful effect to person, places, create harmful effect to person, places, animal, and things.animal, and things.

Dust, fuel exhaust, and air rockets debris Dust, fuel exhaust, and air rockets debris are some of the air pollutants which result are some of the air pollutants which result from man’s entry to space.from man’s entry to space.

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Water pollution is refer to alteration opf Water pollution is refer to alteration opf water which reduces the quality of its water which reduces the quality of its usefulness to people, plants, animals, usefulness to people, plants, animals, and properties.and properties.

Water pollution can be considered as a Water pollution can be considered as a major pollution in the Philippines and major pollution in the Philippines and other developing countries.other developing countries.

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Sound pollutionSound pollution refers to any sound that is refers to any sound that is too loud and irritating to human ears is too loud and irritating to human ears is called sound pollution. Noise is measured in called sound pollution. Noise is measured in decibelsdecibels

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Pollution from solid waste or refusePollution from solid waste or refuse are in form are in form garbage, rubbish, demolition debris, street litters, garbage, rubbish, demolition debris, street litters, etc.they originate from the activities of both etc.they originate from the activities of both human and animal.human and animal.

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Pollution from hazardous waste are Pollution from hazardous waste are either liquid or solid waste or a either liquid or solid waste or a combination of waste that pose or combination of waste that pose or create hazard to human or living create hazard to human or living organism for the following reason:organism for the following reason:–Waste are non degradableWaste are non degradable

–Waste can be biologically magnifiedWaste can be biologically magnified

–Waste tend to cause detrimental Waste tend to cause detrimental cumulative effectcumulative effect

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The hazardous waste can be categorized The hazardous waste can be categorized in accordance to the following:in accordance to the following:

–Chemical wasteChemical waste

–Radioactive substance wasteRadioactive substance waste

–Biological wasteBiological waste

–Flammable wasteFlammable waste

–Explosive wasteExplosive waste

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Marine pollution after knowing the Marine pollution after knowing the concept of other types of environmental concept of other types of environmental pollution, it is now distinguish the pollution, it is now distinguish the meaning of marine pollution.meaning of marine pollution.

In defining marine pollution, the united In defining marine pollution, the united nation conference on environment and nation conference on environment and development (UNCED) used the definition development (UNCED) used the definition adopted by the adopted by the group of expert on scientificgroup of expert on scientific aspect of marine pollutionaspect of marine pollution ( (GESAMPGESAMP).).

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Marine Pollution is defined as “an Marine Pollution is defined as “an introduction of man directly or indirectly, introduction of man directly or indirectly, of substance or energy into the marine of substance or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) environment (including estuaries) resulting in such deleterious effect as resulting in such deleterious effect as harmful to living resources, hazard to harmful to living resources, hazard to human health, hindrance to marine human health, hindrance to marine activities including fishing, impairment activities including fishing, impairment of quality for use of sea water and of quality for use of sea water and reduction of amenities.reduction of amenities.

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AIR POLLUTION

HAZARDOUS WASTE

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International concern on marine pollution

In the last fifty years, expression of concern towards prevention and control of marine pollution and protection of marine environment were brought into a number of international conferences. The following is the series of international convention relating to marine pollution in the 2nd half of the 20th century

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTOil enters the sea as a result of Oil enters the sea as a result of natural phenomena; it also enters natural phenomena; it also enters the sea as a result of man’s the sea as a result of man’s activity. activity. Whether through natural seepage, Whether through natural seepage, accidental spill, or long-term, low accidental spill, or long-term, low level discharges, the pressure of oil level discharges, the pressure of oil in the marine environment is to in the marine environment is to some extent unavoidable.some extent unavoidable.

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In tonnage terms, the most important In tonnage terms, the most important pollutant resulting from shipping pollutant resulting from shipping operations is oil. operations is oil. The National Academy of Science The National Academy of Science (NAS) of the United States estimated in (NAS) of the United States estimated in 1980 that as much as 3.54 million tons 1980 that as much as 3.54 million tons of oil entered the sea every year, of oil entered the sea every year, some 1.5 million tons of which resulted some 1.5 million tons of which resulted from the transport of oil by sea (the from the transport of oil by sea (the remainder came from kind based remainder came from kind based activities and included industrial wastes, activities and included industrial wastes, urban run-off and natural seeps).urban run-off and natural seeps).

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

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The ships of the world tanker fleet have The ships of the world tanker fleet have changed dramatically in size. In 1950’s ships changed dramatically in size. In 1950’s ships of 30,000 tons deadweight were regarded as of 30,000 tons deadweight were regarded as a very large; today, tanker of 250.000 tons a very large; today, tanker of 250.000 tons deadweight are commonplace.deadweight are commonplace.

A much greater quantity of oil enters the sea A much greater quantity of oil enters the sea as a result of normal tanker operations, as a result of normal tanker operations, usually associated with the cleaning of cargo usually associated with the cleaning of cargo residues (clingage) which takes place when residues (clingage) which takes place when the ship is returning from the port of the ship is returning from the port of discharge to take on cargo oil. discharge to take on cargo oil.


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The amount of clingage normally The amount of clingage normally amounts about 0.4% of cargo amounts about 0.4% of cargo carrying capacity – about 800 tons carrying capacity – about 800 tons on a 200,000 dwt crude oil carrier. on a 200,000 dwt crude oil carrier. During ballasting and cleaning as During ballasting and cleaning as much as half of this can be lost much as half of this can be lost overboard unless slops are retained overboard unless slops are retained on boardon board. .


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In tonnage terms, this still probably In tonnage terms, this still probably the biggest source of oil pollution the biggest source of oil pollution from ships – about 700,000 tons a from ships – about 700,000 tons a year, according to the NAS – but it year, according to the NAS – but it has declined considerably in recent has declined considerably in recent years.years.


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PollutionPollutionAny inconvenience or Any inconvenience or damage caused by damage caused by human activities to human activities to humans, plants humans, plants animals and to our animals and to our environment as a environment as a whole by spreading whole by spreading compounds to air, compounds to air, water or land.water or land.

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Effects of Marine PollutionEffects of Marine PollutionIt blankets the surface interfering with It blankets the surface interfering with the oxygen exchanged between the the oxygen exchanged between the sea and the atmosphere.sea and the atmosphere.Blankets the seabed, interfering with Blankets the seabed, interfering with the growth of marine lifethe growth of marine lifeelements are mostly toxic and can elements are mostly toxic and can enter the food chainenter the food chainoil may enter sea water distilling oil may enter sea water distilling inlets and it may be deposited on tidal inlets and it may be deposited on tidal mudflats again with detrimental resultmudflats again with detrimental resultinterferes with the recreational uses of interferes with the recreational uses of beachesbeaches

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Main Sources of Marine PollutionMain Sources of Marine PollutionLand-based Sources:Land-based Sources:

by products of industryby products of industry

run-off from agricultural run-off from agricultural pesticides and herbicidespesticides and herbicides

effluents discharged from effluents discharged from urban areasurban areas

Exploration and Exploration and exploitation activitiesexploitation activities

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Main Sources of Marine PollutionMain Sources of Marine Pollution

Shipping and Maritime IndustryShipping and Maritime Industrycollisioncollisiongrounding or accidental grounding or accidental dischargedischargeoperational dischargesoperational discharges

tank washingtank washing ballasting / deballastingballasting / deballasting machinery space dischargemachinery space discharge docking docking

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Some of the best known cause of oil pollutionSome of the best known cause of oil pollution

by tanker accidents :by tanker accidents :

Braer – 1993 Shetland Island, Braer – 1993 Shetland Island, U.KU.K

Oil lost-85,000 MTOil lost-85,000 MTSea Empress – 1996 Melford Sea Empress – 1996 Melford HavenHaven

Oil lost-72,000 MTOil lost-72,000 MTExxon Valdez – Alaska, U.S.A Exxon Valdez – Alaska, U.S.A

Oil lost-37,000 MTOil lost-37,000 MTTorrey Canyon – 1967 Sicily Torrey Canyon – 1967 Sicily Isle, U.K Isle, U.K

Oil lost-119,000 Oil lost-119,000 MTMT

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Some of the best known cause of oil pollutionSome of the best known cause of oil pollution

UrquiolaUrquiola1976 La Corona, spain1976 La Corona, spainOil lost-100,000 MTOil lost-100,000 MT

Hawaiian PatriotHawaiian Patriot1977 Honolulu, Hawaii1977 Honolulu, HawaiiOil lost-95,000 MTOil lost-95,000 MT

Atlantic EmpressAtlantic Empress1979 Off Tobago 1979 Off Tobago Oil lost- 287,000 MTOil lost- 287,000 MT

Abt Summer Abt Summer 1991 Angola1991 AngolaOil lost-260,000 MTOil lost-260,000 MT

Castillo de Beliber Castillo de Beliber South AfricaSouth AfricaOil lost- 252,000 MTOil lost- 252,000 MT

Amoco CadizAmoco Cadiz1978 Brittany, France1978 Brittany, FranceOil lost-223,000 MTOil lost-223,000 MT

HavenHaven 1991 Genoa, Italy1991 Genoa, ItalyOil lost 144,000 MTOil lost 144,000 MT

Odessy Odessy 1988 Nova Scotia 1988 Nova Scotia

CanadaCanadaOil Lost – 132,000 MTOil Lost – 132,000 MT

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International Convention to Control the International Convention to Control the Marine Pollution Marine Pollution

19291929 – An International Conference was – An International Conference was held in Washington D.C in attempt to held in Washington D.C in attempt to control the discharge f oil into the sea.control the discharge f oil into the sea.

19481948 – IMCO was established in – IMCO was established in Geneva and changed to IMO in 1982Geneva and changed to IMO in 1982

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International Convention to Control the International Convention to Control the Marine PollutionMarine Pollution

19541954 – International Convention for the – International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the sea by oil Prevention of Pollution of the sea by oil ((OILPOL ‘54OILPOL ‘54) )

Hosted by U.K Hosted by U.K Entered into force in 1958Entered into force in 1958 Distinction was made between oil and oily Distinction was made between oil and oily

mixtures from machinery space and from mixtures from machinery space and from cargo tanks.cargo tanks.

Oil was defined as crude oil, fuel oil and Oil was defined as crude oil, fuel oil and heavy diesel oil.heavy diesel oil.

Prohibited zones were laid down for the Prohibited zones were laid down for the discharge of cargo oil into the sea. (50 nm / discharge of cargo oil into the sea. (50 nm / 100 ppm / reception facility)100 ppm / reception facility)

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19581958 – IMO assumed OILPOL’54 and – IMO assumed OILPOL’54 and entered into force. The depository/ secretariat entered into force. The depository/ secretariat function in relation to convention were function in relation to convention were transferred to IMOtransferred to IMO

19671967 – Torrey Canyon incident and the – Torrey Canyon incident and the biggest pollution incident at that time and biggest pollution incident at that time and IMO decided to convene on 1969 in response IMO decided to convene on 1969 in response to the incident. They raised question about to the incident. They raised question about the technical and legal aspects.the technical and legal aspects.

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1969 1969 – IMO decided to convene an – IMO decided to convene an International Conference on 1973 International Conference on 1973

- Amendments on the requirements Amendments on the requirements regarding the quality of the effluents.regarding the quality of the effluents.

- Limitations on the quantities of oil Limitations on the quantities of oil which tankers were permitted to which tankers were permitted to discharge into the sea.discharge into the sea.

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19731973 – IMO adopted International – IMO adopted International Convention for the prevention of Convention for the prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL ‘73) and pollution from Ships (MARPOL ‘73) and incorporated OILPOL ’54 in response to incorporated OILPOL ’54 in response to Torrey Canyon incident.Torrey Canyon incident.

- Agreement was made on the Agreement was made on the contamination of the sea, land and air contamination of the sea, land and air by ships.by ships.

- Two protocols were madeTwo protocols were made- It needs to be ratified by 15 IMO It needs to be ratified by 15 IMO

member countries with 50% gross member countries with 50% gross tonnage of the world fleettonnage of the world fleet

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19761976 – Only 3 IMO member – Only 3 IMO member countries ratified the countries ratified the Convention with only 1 % GT of Convention with only 1 % GT of the total world fleet. (Jordan the total world fleet. (Jordan Kenya and Tunisia)Kenya and Tunisia)1976-771976-77 – Two tanker incidents – Two tanker incidents (Urquiola and Hawaiian Patriot)(Urquiola and Hawaiian Patriot)

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1978 1978 – IMO held a conference on – IMO held a conference on (TSPP) (TSPP) Tanker Safety and PollutionTanker Safety and Pollution PreventionPrevention and it includes tanker and it includes tanker design and operation in response to design and operation in response to the two tanker incidentthe two tanker incidentThey incorporated the 1978 They incorporated the 1978 Protocols to 1974 SOLAS Protocols to 1974 SOLAS Convention and adopted on Convention and adopted on February 17, 1978.February 17, 1978.

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The condition to entry into force:The condition to entry into force:States become party to the States become party to the

convention by first convention by first implementing ANNEX I and implementing ANNEX I and ANNEX II. ANNEX II.

19831983 – October 2, MARPOL – October 2, MARPOL 73/78 entered into force for 73/78 entered into force for Annex I and IIAnnex I and II

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MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78International Convention for the Prevention of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships adopted on November Pollution from Ships adopted on November 1973 modified by a protocol of 1978.1973 modified by a protocol of 1978.

It contains comprehensive provisions It contains comprehensive provisions compared to the previous conventionscompared to the previous conventions

– An abbreviation derived from the words An abbreviation derived from the words marine and pollutionmarine and pollution

– It is directed towards limiting marine It is directed towards limiting marine pollution caused by damaged to ships and pollution caused by damaged to ships and day to day operation of the ships.day to day operation of the ships.

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MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78

Objective of the Objective of the MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78MARPOL 73/78 desires MARPOL 73/78 desires to achieve the complete to achieve the complete elimination of intentional elimination of intentional pollution of the pollution of the environment by OIL and environment by OIL and other harmful substance other harmful substance and to minimize and to minimize accidental discharge. accidental discharge.

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MARPOL Convention consists of:MARPOL Convention consists of:

– 20 Articles20 Articles

– 2 Protocols and 2 Protocols and

– 6 annexes6 annexes

MARPOL Annex I contain: MARPOL Annex I contain:

– 39 regulations39 regulations

– 7 chapters7 chapters

– 3 Appendices3 Appendices

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International Convention for the Prevention of International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships adopted on November Pollution from Ships adopted on November 1973 modified by a protocol of 1978.1973 modified by a protocol of 1978.

It contains comprehensive provisions It contains comprehensive provisions compared to the previous conventionscompared to the previous conventions

– An abbreviation derived from the words An abbreviation derived from the words marine and pollutionmarine and pollution

– It is directed towards limiting marine It is directed towards limiting marine pollution caused by damaged to ships and pollution caused by damaged to ships and day to day operation of the ships.day to day operation of the ships.

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MARPOL 73/78 MARPOL 73/78 Annex IAnnex I

Chapter 1 – GENERALChapter 1 – GENERAL

Regulation Regulation

1 Definition1 Definition

2 Applications2 Applications

3 Exemptions and waivers3 Exemptions and waivers

4 Exception4 Exception

5 Equivalents5 Equivalents

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Chapter 2 – Surveys and CertificationsChapter 2 – Surveys and CertificationsRegulation Regulation

6 Surveys6 Surveys7 Issue or Endorsement of Certificates 7 Issue or Endorsement of Certificates 8 Issue or Endorsement of Certificates 8 Issue or Endorsement of Certificates

another Governmentanother Government9 Form of Certificate9 Form of Certificate10 Duration and Validity of Certificate10 Duration and Validity of Certificate11 Port State Control operational on 11 Port State Control operational on requirementsrequirements

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Chapter 3 – Requirements for Machinery Chapter 3 – Requirements for Machinery spaces of all shipsspaces of all ships

(Part A - Construction)(Part A - Construction)


12 Tanks for Oil Residues12 Tanks for Oil Residues

sludge sludge

13 –Standard Discharge Connections13 –Standard Discharge Connections

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((Part B - Equipment)Part B - Equipment)Regulation Regulation

14 oil filtering equipment14 oil filtering equipment(Part C – Control of Operational (Part C – Control of Operational

Discharge of Oil)Discharge of Oil)Regulation Regulation

15 Control of Discharge of Oil15 Control of Discharge of Oil16 Segregation of oil and water ballast 16 Segregation of oil and water ballast and carriage of oil in forepeak tank and carriage of oil in forepeak tank 17 oil Record Book (Part I)17 oil Record Book (Part I)

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Chapter 4 – Requirements for the Cargo Chapter 4 – Requirements for the Cargo area area of Oil tankersof Oil tankers

(Part A - Construction)(Part A - Construction)18 – Segregated ballast tanks18 – Segregated ballast tanks19 – double hull and double bottom 19 – double hull and double bottom requirements for oil tankers delivered on requirements for oil tankers delivered on or after July 6, 1996 or after July 6, 1996 20 – double hull and double bottom 20 – double hull and double bottom requirements for oil tankers delivered on requirements for oil tankers delivered on or after July 6, 1996or after July 6, 1996

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Regulation

21 – Prevention of oil pollution from oil tankers carrying

heavy grade oil as cargo

22 – Pump-room bottom protection

23 – Accidental oil outflow performance

24 – damage assumptions

25 – Hypothetical outflow of oil

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Regulation Regulation 26 –limitations of size and 26 –limitations of size and

arrangement of cargo tanksarrangement of cargo tanks27 – Intact stability27 – Intact stability28 – Subdivision and stability28 – Subdivision and stability29 – Slop tanks29 – Slop tanks30–pumping, piping and 30–pumping, piping and

discharge arrangementdischarge arrangement

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(Part B - Equipment)(Part B - Equipment)

RegulationRegulation

31 – Oil discharge monitoring 31 – Oil discharge monitoring and control systemand control system

32 – Oil/Water interface detector32 – Oil/Water interface detector

33 – Crude oil washing 33 – Crude oil washing requirementrequirement

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((Part C – Control of operational Part C – Control of operational discharge of oil)discharge of oil)

RegulationRegulation

34 – Control of discharge of oil34 – Control of discharge of oil

35 – Crude oil washing operation35 – Crude oil washing operation

36 – Oil Record Book (Part II)36 – Oil Record Book (Part II)

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Chapter 5 – Prevention of oil Chapter 5 – Prevention of oil Pollution arising from an oil Pollution arising from an oil pollution incidentpollution incident


37 – shipboard oil pollution 37 – shipboard oil pollution emergency planemergency plan

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Chapter 6 – Reception FacilityChapter 6 – Reception FacilityRegulation Regulation

38 – Reception facility38 – Reception facilityChapter 7 – Special requirements Chapter 7 – Special requirements

for fixed and floating platformsfor fixed and floating platformsRegulation Regulation

39 – Special requirements 39 – Special requirements for fixed and floating platformsfor fixed and floating platforms

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ARTICLES OF MARPOL 73/78ARTICLES OF MARPOL 73/78

Regulate the relationship between Regulate the relationship between states and foreign ships.states and foreign ships.

Regulate the extent to which a port Regulate the extent to which a port state interfere with a foreign ships.state interfere with a foreign ships.

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ARTICLES OF MARPOL 73/78ARTICLES OF MARPOL 73/78

Cooperation between states when Cooperation between states when investigating violationinvestigating violation

Protocol 1 – concern the duty of Protocol 1 – concern the duty of Master to reportMaster to report

Protocol 2 – deals with arbitration in Protocol 2 – deals with arbitration in cases of disputescases of disputes

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Technical Annexes of MARPOL Technical Annexes of MARPOL 73/7873/78

Annex 1 Annex 1 –– Oil (Oct. 2, 1983) Oil (Oct. 2, 1983)

Annex 2 Annex 2 –– NLS (April 6, 1987) NLS (April 6, 1987)

Annex 3 Annex 3 –– Harmful Substance Carried in Harmful Substance Carried in

Package form (July 1, 1992)Package form (July 1, 1992)

Annex 4 Annex 4 –– Sewage (Sept. 27, 2003) Sewage (Sept. 27, 2003)

Annex 5 Annex 5 –– Garbage (Dec. 31, 1988) Garbage (Dec. 31, 1988)

Annex 6 Annex 6 –– Air Pollution (May 19, 2005) Air Pollution (May 19, 2005)

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Party to MARPOL 73/78 Party to MARPOL 73/78

Coastal State Coastal State – main function of – main function of which is surveillancewhich is surveillance

Port State Port State – main function of which is – main function of which is for inspection and if necessary for inspection and if necessary detentiondetention

Flag State Flag State – main function of which – main function of which is complianceis compliance

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Vessel Regulation TermVessel Regulation Termss

Flag StateFlag State- Nation where a vessel is registeredNation where a vessel is registered- Vessel is essentially granted nationalityVessel is essentially granted nationalityPort StatePort State- Nation where a vessel intend to dockNation where a vessel intend to dockCoastal StateCoastal State- Nation within which a vessel passes - Nation within which a vessel passes

through a territorial sea or EEZthrough a territorial sea or EEZ

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- Regulates safetyRegulates safety- Manning of ship and competence of crewManning of ship and competence of crew- Sets construction, design, equipment and Sets construction, design, equipment and

seaworthiness standardsseaworthiness standards- Enforce regulation on high seasEnforce regulation on high seas- Must inspect at periodic intervalsMust inspect at periodic intervals- Issue an IOPP certificateIssue an IOPP certificate

Flag State ResponsibilityFlag State Responsibility

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Benefits of Port State controlBenefits of Port State control

- Improved efficiency for collecting Improved efficiency for collecting evidence and finding violationsevidence and finding violations

- Reduces needs for coastal Reduces needs for coastal states to interfere with ships states to interfere with ships while in transitwhile in transit

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Regulation 11 : Port State Control on Regulation 11 : Port State Control on Operational RequirementsOperational Requirements

(1) (1) A ship when in port or an offshore A ship when in port or an offshore terminal of another party is subject to terminal of another party is subject to inspectioninspection by officer duly authorized by by officer duly authorized by such party concerning operational such party concerning operational requirements under this annex, where requirements under this annex, where there are clear grounds for believing there are clear grounds for believing that the master or crew are not familiar that the master or crew are not familiar with essential ship bound procedures with essential ship bound procedures relating to the prevention of pollution by relating to the prevention of pollution by oil.oil.

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Reporting of IncidentsReporting of Incidents

Article 8 of MARPOL 73/78Article 8 of MARPOL 73/78

Requires ships Master to report Requires ships Master to report incident involving the discharge of incident involving the discharge of harmful substance into the sea.harmful substance into the sea.

Actions by coastal state is often Actions by coastal state is often necessary and it is important that necessary and it is important that states are informed of any incident states are informed of any incident resulting in the discharge of harmful resulting in the discharge of harmful substance.substance.

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The reporting requirements The reporting requirements apply not only to actual apply not only to actual discharges but also to discharges but also to probable probable dischargedischarge

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Harmful substances covered by the Harmful substances covered by the reporting requirements:reporting requirements:

a.a. OilOilb.b. NLSNLSc.c. Harmful substances in Harmful substances in

packaged formpackaged formAn initial report must be sent to An initial report must be sent to the nearest coastal state as soon the nearest coastal state as soon as possible by the fastest as possible by the fastest telecommunications means telecommunications means available.available.

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Reporting of IncidentsReporting of IncidentsContents of initial report as:Contents of initial report as:- Name of ship, call sign, flagName of ship, call sign, flag- Frequency or radio guarded channelFrequency or radio guarded channel- Name, address, telex and telephone number of Name, address, telex and telephone number of

owner and representative owner and representative - Type of shipType of ship- Date and time (URC) of incidentDate and time (URC) of incident- Description of the incident, including damage Description of the incident, including damage

sustainedsustained- Ship’s position, course, speed, as appropriate at Ship’s position, course, speed, as appropriate at

time of incidenttime of incident- Type of oil involvedType of oil involved- Other cargo carriedOther cargo carried

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Regulation 1 - definitionRegulation 1 - definitionOILOIL – is defined in Annex 1 as petroleum – is defined in Annex 1 as petroleum

in any form including crude oil, fuel oil, in any form including crude oil, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse and refined productssludge, oil refuse and refined products

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Regulation 1 - definitionRegulation 1 - definition

OILY MIXTURE OILY MIXTURE – a mixture with – a mixture with any oil contentany oil content

OIL FUEL OIL FUEL – any oil used as fuel in – any oil used as fuel in connection with the propulsion connection with the propulsion and auxiliary machinery of the and auxiliary machinery of the ship in which such oil is carriedship in which such oil is carried

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Annex 1 – Oil Annex 1 – Oil

Annex 1 oil ranges form crude Annex 1 oil ranges form crude oil, heavy products oil and light oil, heavy products oil and light distillates. It is either used distillates. It is either used onboard or carried as cargo.onboard or carried as cargo.

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Annex 1 – Oil Annex 1 – Oil

The scope of Annex 1 is wider than The scope of Annex 1 is wider than that of the preceding OILPOL ’54 that of the preceding OILPOL ’54 convention which limited itself to convention which limited itself to persistent or black oils. Generally, persistent or black oils. Generally, Annex 1 prohibits the discharge of Annex 1 prohibits the discharge of oil into the sea.oil into the sea.

2 sources of oil/ water discharges 2 sources of oil/ water discharges are:are:- Machinery spaces Machinery spaces - cargo/ballast tanks spacescargo/ballast tanks spaces

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Principles of Environmental protectionPrinciples of Environmental protection

- Minimize the generation of oil and water Minimize the generation of oil and water mixturesmixtures

- Separate oil from water where mixtures Separate oil from water where mixtures cannot be avoidedcannot be avoided

- Set limits to the quantity of oil which may be Set limits to the quantity of oil which may be discharged into the seadischarged into the sea

- Set effluent standards so as to render any Set effluent standards so as to render any discharge harmless to take extra protective discharge harmless to take extra protective measures for special areas and coastal measures for special areas and coastal zones zones

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Principles of Environmental protectionPrinciples of Environmental protection

Carrying oil in tanks which are Carrying oil in tanks which are protected from direct impact by protected from direct impact by collision and groundingcollision and grounding

- Limit the size of the cargo tanksLimit the size of the cargo tanks- Carrying oil in ships which have a Carrying oil in ships which have a

greater survival capability in case greater survival capability in case of damageof damage

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Principles can be implemented through:Principles can be implemented through:

Construction requirementsConstruction requirements

Equipment requirementsEquipment requirements

Operational requirementsOperational requirements

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Construction, Equipment and Operating Construction, Equipment and Operating requirements can be verified by the following:requirements can be verified by the following:

Survey and certification Survey and certification – flag state – flag state controlcontrol

Boarding and inspection Boarding and inspection – port – port state controlstate control

Airborne surveillance Airborne surveillance – coastal – coastal state controlstate control

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Oil Record Book Oil Record Book port and flag state control record of oil port and flag state control record of oil

content produced by oil content produced by oil

Discharged Monitoring and Control Discharged Monitoring and Control SystemsSystems

Port and flag state controlPort and flag state control

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Regulation 38: Reception FacilityRegulation 38: Reception Facility

The government party to The government party to MARPOL 73/78 must ensure to MARPOL 73/78 must ensure to provide the reception facilities in provide the reception facilities in all their ports to collect ship’s all their ports to collect ship’s residues and without causing residues and without causing undue delay to shipsundue delay to ships

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Control of Oil Discharges from Control of Oil Discharges from Machinery spacesMachinery spaces

Waste Oil Waste Oil – generated in – generated in machinery spaces by a number of machinery spaces by a number of sources such as crankcases and sources such as crankcases and gear cases which used lubricating gear cases which used lubricating oil and oil purifiers which creates oil and oil purifiers which creates oil sludge.oil sludge.

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Measures to minimize the generation Measures to minimize the generation of oily wasteof oily waste

It can be minimized by:It can be minimized by:- Reconditioning (purifying)Reconditioning (purifying)- Incinerating (onboard incinerator)Incinerating (onboard incinerator)- Disposal to shore reception facilityDisposal to shore reception facility

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SPECIAL AREASSPECIAL AREAS

Means a sea area for recognized Means a sea area for recognized technical reasons in relation to its technical reasons in relation to its oceanographical oceanographical location, location, ecological ecological condition and to the particular condition and to the particular character of its traffic,character of its traffic, the adoption of the adoption of special mandatory methods for the special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution by oil is prevention of sea pollution by oil is prohibited.prohibited.

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1. Mediterranean sea 6. Gulf of Aden1. Mediterranean sea 6. Gulf of Aden

2. Baltic Sea 7. Antarctic Area2. Baltic Sea 7. Antarctic Area

3. Black sea 8. North – West 3. Black sea 8. North – West European European

WatersWaters

4. Red sea 9. Gulf of Oman4. Red sea 9. Gulf of Oman

5. Gulf sea5. Gulf sea

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In respect of In respect of Antarctic areaAntarctic area, any discharge into the sea of oil , any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited.or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited.

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Discharge Provisions

Regulation 15 ( Control of operational discharge of oil )

MACHINERY SPACE - OUTSIDE SPECIAL AREA

Discharges of oil or oily mixtures from ships shall be prohibited.

From ships of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except for the following conditions:1. the ship is proceeding en route2. the mixtures are processed by filtering equipment

3. without dilution does not exceed 15ppm4. does not originate from cargo pump room5. not mixed with cargo residues

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Discharge Provisions Regulation 15 ( Control of operational discharge of oil )

MACHINERY SPACE - IN SPECIAL AREA

Discharges of oil or oily mixtures from ships shall be prohibited.From ships of 400 gross tonnage and above shall be prohibited except for the following conditions:1. the ship is proceeding en route2. the mixtures are processed by filtering equipment

3. without dilution does not exceed 15ppm with automatic stopping

4. does not originate from cargo pump room5. not mixed with cargo residues

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Discharge ProvisionsMACHINERY SPACE

Outside Special area

Regulation 15

Within Special area

Regulation 15

1. En route

2. Oil filtering equipment

3. 15 ppm

4. Not from cargo pump room

5. Not mixed with cargo residues

1. En route

2. Oil filtering equipment with

level alarm and automatic stopping

3. 15 ppm

4. Not from cargo pump room

5. Not mixed with cargo

residues

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Construction and Equipment for Machinery Spaces for Environmental

Protection ( Reg.16)

Ships delivered after 1979 should no longer be provided with dual purpose tanks (ex. to hold fuel oil or ballast)

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If dual purpose tanks are necessary, such as the deep sea tugs, any oil water mixtures may only be discharged into the sea in compliance with the discharge provisions.

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Prohibition on the use of forepeak tank or tank forward of the collision bulkhead to carry oil since they are considered to be vulnerable to damage.

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Regulation 12 Sludge Tank

Every ships of 400 gross tonnage shall be provided with sludge tank to receive all residues from machinery spaces.

Piping to and from sludge tank shall have no direct connection overboard or to reception facilities other than the standard discharge connection.

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Fitting of one or more bilge water holding tanks which collect the bilge water generated in port

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Regulation 14 Oil Filtering Equipment

Any ships shall be fitted with oil filtering equipment approved by the administration based on IMO specification.

For ships of 10,000 gt and above, it shall be provided with alarm arrangement.

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The administration may waive the requirements for Filtering

equipments to ships:

Engaged exclusively on voyages within special area and high-Speed Craft provided that the ship:

- has holding tanks- must retained onboard the oily bilge

and be discharged to reception facility

- port of calls must have reception facilities

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Oil Filtering Equipment

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Types of Filtering Systems

Coalesce type filter

The filter tank contains a hydrophilic material i.e. a material with a capability for absorbing or taking up water rather than oil.

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Types of Filtering Systems

Absorption type filterThe bed consist of a material which is oleophilic i. e. with a capability for taking up oil rather than water.

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Oily water separators and auxiliary equipment possible problems

The first problem centers on the capacity of the oily separators.

The second problem is that the separation process is adversely affected by detergents used in cleaning the engine room and its bilges, or by emulsifiers present in lubricating oil.

Another problem is caused by the deterioration in the quality of fuel oil.

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3 Ways of Disposing Residues

1. Mixing with

bunkers

2. Discharge to

shore reception

facilities

3. Incineration

Marpol 1-6 Ppt Part 1

Documents

marpol 73 78 annex

dual purpose tanks

port state control

oil filtering equipment

reception facility

special area

initial report

marine pollution