Marine Ice Nucleating Particles and the Need for Southern Ocean Measurements Paul J DeMott 1 , Thomas Christopher James Hill 1 , Matthew J Ruppel 2 , Kimberly A Prather 2,3 , Douglas B Collins 2 , Jessica l Axson 2 , Taehyoung Lee 4 , Chung Yeon Hwang 5 , Ryan C Sullivan 6 , Gavin R McMeeking 7 , Ryan Mason 8 , Allan K Bertram 8 , Olga L Mayol-Bracero 9 , Ernie R Lewis 10 1 Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA 2 University of California, San Diego, CA, USA 3 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA 4 Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea 5 Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea 6 Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 7 Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO, USA 8 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada 9 University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA March18, 2014 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)
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Marine Ice Nucleating Particles and the Need for Southern Ocean Measurements
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Marine Ice Nucleating Particles and the Need for Southern Ocean
MeasurementsPaul J DeMott1, Thomas Christopher James Hill1, Matthew J Ruppel2, Kimberly A Prather2,3, Douglas B Collins2, Jessica l Axson2, Taehyoung Lee4, Chung Yeon Hwang5, Ryan C Sullivan6, Gavin R McMeeking7, Ryan Mason8,
Allan K Bertram8, Olga L Mayol-Bracero9, Ernie R Lewis10
1Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA2University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
3Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, CA, USA4Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea
5Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea6Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
7Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO, USA8University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
9University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto RicoBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
March18, 2014 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)
Research questions and significance of ice nucleating particle (INP) measurement of
marine aerosols• To what extent are oceans sources of
the nuclei for ice cloud formation?• What are sea spray produced ice
nucleating particles (INP)? • Do INP emissions play any role in
affecting cloud differences (frequency and phase) over oceans, especially SH? – Poor prediction of SH radiation budget by
climate models (Trenberth and Fasullo, 2010), too few and too short-lived clouds
– Prevalence of supercooled cloud tops down to -20˚C via MODIS and Calipso (Huang et al. 2012)
– Low ice crystal concentration (<0.1 L-1 at T> >-20˚C), only isolated secondary ice (Grosvenor et al. 2012; Chubb et al. 2013)
March 10, 2014 DOE-ASR CAPI Ice Nucleation Breakout (Potomac, MD)
Trenberth and Fasullo (2010)
Kanitz et al. (2011)
NH landSH ocean
Ship-based lidar assessment of cloud ice fraction
Some historical ice nuclei data
March18, 2014 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)
Burrows et al. (2013)
Bigg (1973)
Real-time and offline INP measurements
Inertial impactor at ~2.4 mm
Continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC):
Inertial impactorEM
PCVI single particle devices
> ~4mmBioanalyses:
pyrosequencing
Ambient aerosol
Porous support
0.45 µm backing filter
0.2 µm PC filter
Collection for offline analysis(onto filter or into liquid, frozen)
Immersion freezing of few to few tens
microliter samples
VflnVali (1971):nIN per
ml =qPCR) identification of INA bacteria; heat treatment for
selective removal of biological organisms
Concentrator
March18, 2014 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)
CAICE (Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment) Lab Studies
Glass Wave Channel
Marine Aerosol Reference Tank (MART)
March18, 2014 Workshop on Clouds, Aerosols and the Air-Sea Interface of the Southern Oceans (Seattle)