marika CikvaiZe

m u s i k amarika CikvaiZe

inteleqti

in

te

le

qt

i

VIIklasis

saxelmZRvanelo

marika CikvaiZe

musika VII

gamomcemloba inteleqti

Tbilisi 2012

grifi mieniWa 2012 wels ssip ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis

erovnuli centris (brZaneba # 375, 18. 05. 2012) mier

marika GikvaiZemusika VII

Marika ChikvaidzeMUSIC VII

INTELEKTI PUBLISHERSTbilisi 2012

ISBN 978-9941-439-23-0 © gamomcemloba ìnteleqti~, 2012

redaqtori mzia GxaiZe

gamomcemloba inteleqtiTbilisi, ilia WavWavaZis gamziri #5225-05-22, 5(99) 55-66-54faqsi: 225-05-22 elfosta: [email protected], [email protected] vebgverdi: www.intelekti.ge

33

sarCevi

Tavi I - musika Cven irgvliv

gaarkvieT, ra gaxsovT, ra ara? ............................................................................. 7

ra aris Janri? ....................................................................................................... 10

programuli musika ............................................................................................... 12

e. grigi `dila~ ..................................................................................................... 15

axla ki, moismineT romansi .................................................................................. 17

ra aris popuri? .................................................................................................... 20

ra aris vokalizi? ................................................................................................ 21

orfevsi da evridike ............................................................................................ 23

saavtoro simRera ................................................................................................. 25

vin `wonis~ msubuq musikas? ................................................................................. 27

ra aris musikaluri industria? ......................................................................... 31

dasartyami sakravebi ............................................................................................ 34

ritmi ...................................................................................................................... 36

ras niSnavs musikaluri kanoni? .......................................................................... 38

ra aris jazi? ........................................................................................................ 40

koncerti _ solistis paeqroba orkestrTan .................................................... 46

Tavi II - orkestri

orkestri ............................................................................................................... 48

partitura ............................................................................................................. 51

simfoniuri orkestri .......................................................................................... 52

Solo da TuTTi, anu èrTi yvelasaTvis, yvela erTisaTvis!~ ........................................ 54

cota ram qarTuli xalxuri sakravebis Sesaxeb ................................................ 61

Tavi III - modiT, erTad vicekvoT!

modiT, erTad vicekvoT! ...................................................................................... 66

4

Tavi IV - musika Teatrsa da kinoSi

cota ram berZnuli Teatris Sesaxeb .................................................................. 76

musika dramatuli speqtaklis mudmivi Tanamgzavria ....................................... 82

qarTvel msaxiobTa galerea ................................................................................ 85

vin aris reJisori? ............................................................................................... 88

sinematografiis istoriidan .............................................................................. 90

sayvareli kinofilmebi ........................................................................................ 96

viqtorina .............................................................................................................. 99

informacia musikalur-kompiuteruli programebis Sesaxeb ..........................101

44

5

• saxelmZRvanelo Seesabameba axal erovnul saswavlo gegmas;

• daexmareba moswavles testuri gamocdebisaTvis momzadebaSi;

• xels Seuwyobs Tvalsawieris gafarToebas;

• daexmareba moswavles xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargSi gaT viT-cno bi ere baSi;

• daexmareba sakuTar SesaZlebloba-monacemebis amocnobasa da gan vi TarebaSi;

• daexmareba mSobels, rom GaerTos Svilis saganmanaTleblo procesSi;

• saxelmZRvanelo gamiznulia rogorc jgufuri, ise individu-aluri meca di ne obisaTvis;

• saxelmZRvanelo iTvaliswinebs rogorc klasSi, ise Sin meca-dineobas.

5

66

Tavi I

musika Cven irgvliv

saxelmZRvanelos am TavSi iswavliT...

• mogecemaT SesaZlebloba, testuri davalebebis saSualebiT gaarkvioT, Tu ra gaxsovT da ra _ ara musikis dargSi?

• musikaluri xelovnebis sxvadasxva Janrs da miiRebT am Jan-rebTan dakavSirebul cnobebs;

• SevecdebiT, zogierTi musikaluri terminis mcireodeni mecni-eruli ganmartebac mogceT da igi Tqvens interesebs Sevusa-bamoT;

• programuli musika. rogorc, uTuod, iciT, arsebobs: sakon-certo, tele- da radiogadacemebis programa... ras niSnavs programuli musika?

• xSirad gaigonebT sityvebs: `msubuqi musika~, `seriozuli musika~, iciT maTi mniSvneloba? nuTu arasdros dagbadebiaT kiTxva: vin `wonis~ musikas?, rodis aris igi `msubuqi~?

• ra aris jazi? ras niSnavs improvizacia? SesaZlebloba mo-gecemaT ìmogzauroT~ XIX saukunis niu-orleanSi, gaecnobiT da mousmenT jazis korifeebs;

• paragrafebs davurTeT kiTxvebi da davalebebi, rac saswavlo process saxalisos, sainteresos gaxdis; garda amisa, gafar-Tovdeba Tqveni inteleqtualuri Tvalsawieri;

• viTvaliswinebT Tqvens gatacebas Tanamedrove musikiT; Sev-ecdebiT, Tqvengan SevityoT, Tu rogori musikaluri stili, mimarTuleba mogwonT da ratom. amisaTvis proeqtis damuSave-basac gTavazobT;

• pop-musikis koncertebze vxedavT mxolod Semsruleblebs da albaT arc ki gvifiqria, Tu ra xdeba scenis miRma. diax, iq gacilebiT meti ram xdeba;

• mogiwevT videoklipis `gadaRebac~, scenaris dawerac, kidev sxva saintereso RonisZiebis ganxorcieleba; musikaluri anbanis sakiTxebsac ganvixilavT;

• saxelmZRvanelos am TavSi Tqven, visac specialuri musikal-uri ganaTleba ar migiRiaT, SevecdebiT dagexmaroT da ùcn-auri~ sqemebis daxmarebiT fortepianoze dakvriT SegaswavloT umartivesi simRerebi. gverwmuneT, mogewonebaT.

• maTTvis, visac surs musikalur-kompiuteruli programebis gam-oyenebiT musikis Cawera, tembris SerCeva, melodiaze ritmuli Tanxlebis gaweva, saxelmZRvanelos bolos, danarTSi gTavazobT programa `Finale~-s gamoyenebis mokle instruqcias.

6

7

vidre musikaluri xelovnebis Sesaxeb cnobebs mogawvdideT, sainteresoa Sevit yoT, Tu ra iciT am etapze.

amis gasarkvevad samuSao rveulSi gTavazobT saxaliso gamokiTx-vas. SevecdebiT, davalebebi ar iyos rTuli. maS, modiT, daviwyoT:

?

?

!!

davaleba 1rogor fiqrobT, risi unari aqvs musikas, ra Zala Seswevs?

davaleba 3ganmarteT termini `folklori~.

davaleba 4Tqveni azriT, ra aris sim-

Rera?

davaleba 5

qarTuli xalxuri Sromis simReraa:

1. `glesav da glesav, namgalo~; 2. `Gakrulo~;

3. `winwyaro~; 4. `netavi gogov, me da Sen~.

davaleba 2SeavseT krosvordi: cariel uj-

re deb Si GawereT qarTuli xalxuri sak ra vebis sa xe lebi.

7

gakveTili

1-2gaarkvieT: ra gaxsovT, ra _ ara?

8

davaleba 6qar Tuli xalxuri simReris sityvier teqstSi xSiradaa GarTuli

Sinaarss mok lebuli sxvadasxva sityva, SeZaxilebi (Sorisdebulebi). gaixseneT da dawereT es sityvebi.

davaleba 10

ipoveT Secdoma:

1. zaqaria faliaSvili _ `qeTo da kote~;

2. revaz laRiZe _ `Tbiliso~;

3. robert sturua _ `kavkasiuri carcis wre~;

4. galaktion tabiZe _ `meri~.

!

!

davaleba 7

rogor fiqrobT, Gveni winaprebi ratom mRerodnen:

Sro mis dros? brZolis dros? glovis dros?

?davaleba 8qvemoT CamoTvlili xelovnebis dargebidan romelia

sinTezuri (aerTianebs xelovnebis ramdenime saxeobas)? Teatri kinoxelovneba safortepiano musika baleti simfoniuri musika opera

?davaleba 9ra hqvia simfoniuri orkestris xelmZRvanels?

sagundo kapelisas? saeklesio mgalobelTa?pasuxebis romeli nakrebia swori? SemoxazeT:• kapelmeisteri, qormaisteri, diriJori.• organisti, pianisti, vokalisti.• diriJori, qormaisteri (lotbari), regenti.

!

88

9

daakvirdiT qvemoT mocemul or sanoto Canawers. Canaweris mixed-viT SeecadeT gamoicnoT musikis avtori da saTauri.

!

99

qarTl-kaxuri xalxuri simRera

gakveTilze moismenT saqarTvelos sxva-dasxva kuTxis xalxur simRerebs. sa-muSao rveulSi (davaleba 12) SeavseT cxrili

guruli xalxuri simRera

fSavuri xalxuri simRera

STabeWdilebebis wigni

davaleba 11moismineT XIX saukunis avstrieli kompozitoris,

Su ber tis saxel gan T qmuli nawarmoebi àve maria~. gadmogveciT Tqveni STabeWdilebebi, Semdeg ki waukiTxeT Tanaklaselebs.

!

10

Gemo kargebo, TqvenTvis gasakviri ar iqneba, Tu vityviT, rom simRera mu si ka luri xelovnebis erT-erTi saxeobaa. simReris garda musikaluri xelovnebis sxva saxeobebic arsebobs, maT musikis Jan-rebi ewodeba. arsebobs vokaluri musikis Jan ri da instrumentuli musikis Janri. maT ki Tav-Tavisi nairsaxeobebi aqvT.

vokaluri Janrebia: simRera, romansi, aria.

instrumentuli Janrebia: mcire da didi formis na wa r m oebebi: piesa, etiudi, pre ludia, sonata, siuita, sim fo nia da sxva.

sagundo Janrebia: kan ta ta, oratoria.

musikalur-Teatralur Janrebs ganekuTvnebian: opera, opereta, ba-leti.

musikaluri Janrebis daniSnuleba sxvadasxvagvaria: zogi dasvenebas axlavs Tan, emsaxureba garTobas. aseTi musika advili mosasmenia da mas msubuq musikas uwo deben.

arsebobs sxva musikaluri Janrebic. maTi mizania ara adamianis garToba, aramed Rrma fiqrebisa da Zlieri gancdebis gamowveva. aseT musikas seriozul musikas uwo deben.

imisaTvis, rom gavigoT da bo lomde aRviqvaT is, Tu ra ze gves-aubreba e.w. seriozuli musika, mas unda vusminoT Za li an xSirad, vusminoT yu rad RebiT, gulisyuriT, gul mo dgined.

10

3gakveTil

i

ra aris Janri?

JorJ bize

karmeni

opera feliqs mendelsoni

koncerti

violinosa da

orkestrisaTvis

ferenc listi

preludebi

simfoniuri

poema

dimitri arayiSvili

varskvlaviansa

Rames

romansi

daakvirdiT nax-ats, aq sxvadasxva sisqis wignebs dainax-avT. zomis mixedviT ar gagiWirdebaT imis gansazRvra, Tu rom-eli Janris nawarmoe-bia yvelaze mcire formis.

11

axla ki samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 13) SeavseT cxrili: !

!

vokaluri Janrebi

instrumentuli Janrebi

sagundo Janrebi

musikalur-Teatral-uri Janrebi

11

iswavleT da SeasruleT megobrebTan erTad

mas Semdeg, rac am simReras SeasrulebT, gaaanalizeT igi: rogoria simRe-ris tempi;orwilad zoma-Sia igi dawer-ili Tu sam-wilad zomaSi;romel dinami-kur niSnebs miusadagebdiT misamRers?

1212

rogori xasiaTis musikas miusadagebdiT iakob gogebaSvilis

moTx ro bis am mcire nawyvets?

romel sakravs (sakravebs) daakisrebdiT am nawarmoebis

Sesrulebas? ratom?

?

qarTvelTa ganmanaTlebeli, iakob gogebaSvili kazmuli sityviT ase aRwers gazafxulis bunebis gamoRviZebas. gTavazobT nawyvets:

`gazafxulis siTbom mTeli dedamiwa gaaRviZa. aiRo Tu ara Tovli velze, maSinve mwva ne ba lax ma Tavi amoyo. naTesma mindvrebma iwyo saamuri bibini mwvane xaverdiviT. aqa-iq adreuli yva vilebic gaiSala. gazafxulis siTbom xeebic zamTris Zilidan ga mo afxizla: jer kokori ga moitana xeebma, merme TeTri yvavilebi gadaiSala da bolos xSi ri foTlebiT Seimosa... ga zafxuls Tan mravali frinveli mosdevs. ager, raRacam maR la caSi dilis zariviT sim Rera SemosZaxa: etyoba torola mosula. patara xans ukan mardi da keTili mercxlebic gve wvevian... mindori, tye da Wala sxvadasxva frin veliT ivseba. maTi galoba da WikWiki, Wyi vili da stvena mTels bunebas aRviZebs... ~

samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 14) moifiqreT da SeTxzeT gazaf-xulis Temaze literaturuli Ganaxati saTauriT `gazafxuli~.

!4-5

gakveTili

programuli musika

12

13


13

davaleba 15axla ki, moismineT antonio vivaldis musika da upa-

suxeT Sem deg kiTxvebs:

• programis gareSe (anu kompozitors rom ar daerTo igi) mixvdebodiT, Tu ras mogviTxrobs musika?

• namdvilad SeigrZnoba musikaSi Gitebis WikWiki, Weqa-quxili?

• ra xerxebiT gadmoscems kompozitori bunebis mov-lenebsa da xmebs?

• gadaxedeT Tqven mier SeTxzul moTxrobas, ramdenad miesadageba igi didi italieli kompozitoris musikas?

megobrebo, uTuod, yofila SemTxveva, roca musikaluri nawarmoebis mosmenis Semdeg dagbadebiaT kiTxva: "ra Sinaarsi, rogori grZnobebia am musikiT gamoxatuli?", "ris gadmo-

cemas eswrafoda kompozitori?" da a.S. iwyebT fiqrs, cdilobT sakuTari mosazrebebi daasabuToT, xSirad sxvisi azria TqvenTvis misaRebi, zogjer am azrs ar iziarebT.

arsebobs iseTi musikaluri Txzulebebi, romelTa Sinaarss kompozitorebi sityvebiT azusteben, saTaurs waumZRvareben xolme da msmenels, erTi SexedviT, aRar esaWiroeba fiqri da amocnoba imisa, Tu ra aris gadmocemuli nawarmoebSi. ai magaliTad, XVIII saukunis sa xel-gan Tqmulma italielma kompozitorma, antonio vivaldim Seqmna musikaluri nawarmoebebis cikli saxelwodebiT "weliwadis droni". nawarmoebs avtorma daurTo programa, anu sityvebiTac ganmarta is, Tu risi gad mo cema surda. es aris saviolono koncertebis cik li, romelic weliwadis oTxi drois Sesabamisad oTxi das-rulebuli nawilisagan Sedgeba. TiTo nawili erTi saviolino koncertia.

antonio vivaldi _ "weliwadis droni" _ "gazafxuli"

italielma kompozitorma, antonio vivaldim aseTi programa waumZRvara Ta visi saviolino koncertis pirvel nawils:

"dadga gazafxuli. Gitunebi mxiaruli stvena-galobiT gvesalme-bian. nakadulebi aGuxGuxdnen da arakrakdnen. ca RrublebiT ifareba. Weqa-quxilic gazafxulis mosvlas gvauwyebs. mwvaned abibinebul mindorze patara mwyemsi Gamomjdara da salamurs akvnesebs; am mS-

venier hangebze zRaprul nimfebs ferxuli GaubamT..."

antonio vivaldi

(1678-1741)

14

antonio vivaldis ciklis erT-erTi nawilis, `gazafxu-lis~ melodia msubuqia da gamWvirvale; ritmi cocxalia,

moZravi; bgeraTa harmonia naTelia, saamuri; musikaluri sakravebi cocxlad, mxned asruleben musikas; maSinac ki, roca ca iR rub-leba da elva iWeqebs, Gven ar gveSinia, vinaidan saSiSroeba marTla ki ar gvemuqreba, aramed xumrobiT gvaSineben...

axla ki amovkriboT es epiTetebi: msubuqi da gamWvirvale, moZravi da coc xa li, mxne, naTeli, mxiaruli, saamuri, ferado-vani, uferuli, mdore, naR v liani, mwuxare ... ai, aseT epiTetebs vusadagebT musikalur bgerebs, TiTqos isini cocxali arsebebi iyvnen da rogorc adamianebs, Tav-TavianTi xasiaTi hqon deT. es gaxlavT, erTi mxriv, ùtyvi~, xolo, more mxriv, `mosaubre~ musikaluri bge rebi, romelTagan Sedgeba melodia da mTlianad musika.

1414

!maSasadame, imisaTvis, rom gavugoT musikalur Txzulebas, sakma-

risia misi rai mesTan Sedareba, raTa Gven winaSe warmoiSvas konkre-tuli musikaluri saxe, xateba, suraTi.

iswavleT da SeasruleT revaz laRiZis simRera `gazafxulda, ayvavilda nuSi~

15

davaleba 16

axla ki, TanaklaselebTan erTad moismineT edvard grigis saorkestro piesa `dila” da Tavad gansajeT, ra grZnobebi SeiZleba iyos asaxuli am nawarmoebSi


am fotoze gamosaxulia XIX saukunis nor-ve gi eli kompozitori, norvegiuli erovnuli klasikuri mu si kis fuZemdebeli edvard grigi. gakveTilze geqnebaT SesaZlebloba, mo is minoT TqvenTvis kargad nacnobi grigis saorkestro Txzuleba `dila~ siuitidan* `per giunti~. saTauri, bu nebrivia, migvaniSnebs, rom masSi aRwerilia ganTiadis Tval warmtaci suraTi.

edvard grigi (1843-1907)

rogorc Tavad mixvdiT, programuli musika hqvia instru-mentul nawarmoebs, romelic Seqmnilia konkretul siuJetze. es siuJeti mocemulia specialur sityvier ganmartebaSi (programaSi) da nawarmoebis saTaurSi.

siuJeti SeiZleba iyos TviT kompoazitoris mier STx-zuli (gaixseneT a. vivaldis `weliwadis droni~), an

literaturuli nawarmoebidan iqnas aRebuli (rogorc es e. grigis SemoqmedebaSi vixileT).

1515

Tqveni azriT, musikis erToblivi mosmena adamianebSi msgavs

gancdebs badebs? imsjeleT.

?

gakveTili

6-7edvard grigi _ `dila~

moiZieT informacia e. grigis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb da warudgineT klasSi mego-brebs.

!

16

samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 17) SeaerTeT isrebiT:!

!

beThoveni • • `weliwadis droni~

vivaldi • • inglisi

baxi • • germania

lenoni • • organi

grigi • • norvegia

faliaSvili • • italia

verdi • • àbesalom da eTeri~

stumari klasSi

warmoidgineT, TqvenTan stumradaa mosuli Tqveni sayvareli Semsrulebeli an kompozitori. SeecadeT mas interviu GamoarTvaT. amisaTvis winaswar SeadgineT kiTxvari da TqvenTvis saintereso kiTxvebiT mimarTeT stumars. aqve SeecadeT, am kiTxvebSi rac SeiZleba vr-clad gamovlindes Tqveni codna stumris Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. dagegmeT SesaZlo TanamSromloba Tqvensa da stumars Soris.

1616

17

Tqveni azriT, raSi exmareba msmenels musikaluri nawarmoebis saxelwodeba?

?diax, nawarmoebis saxelwodeba msmenels, anu Gven, erT SemTxvevaSi

gvexmareba warmovidginoT nawarmoebis siuJeti, misi personaJebi, mag-aliTad, robert Sumanis safortepiano piesa `mxiaruli glexi~, p. Gaikovskis safortepiano piesa `xis jariskacebis marSi~, klod debiusis safortepiano piesa `mTvaris Suqi~... aSkaraa, rom yvela es musikal-uri suraTi konkretul siuJets emyareba;

meore mxriv, kompozitori mis mier Seqmnil Txzulebaze saxel-wodebis micemis dros miuTiTebs ganwyoba-damokidebulebaze, emoci-aze, magaliTad, ian sibeliusis simfoniuri piesa `sevdiani valsi~, p. Gaikovskis saorkestro qmnileba èlegia~(moiZieT terminis, èlegia~ ganmarteba).

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac nawarmoebis saTauri srulebiTac ar warmoadgens mis ganmartebas, mas ubralod ewodeba sonata, simfonia, siuita, koncerti _ yvela es mravalnawiliani, cikluri qmnilebebia, sadac TiToeuli nawili danarGenisagan gansxvavdeba xasiaTiT, tempiT...

xSirad vxvdebiT nawarmoebebs saxelwodebiT alegro, andante, ada-Jio. gaixseneT, ras niSnavs es terminebi:

1717

alegro andante adaJio

!gakveTil

i8axla ki, moismineT romansi...

rodesac kompozitori qmnis nebismieri Janris musikalur qmnile-bas, cdilobs, masSi Gaaqsovos esa Tu is azri, Sinaarsi, emocia. amisaTvis mas arqmevs saxels.

gamoicaniT, vin arisam fotoze?

gaixseneT da samuSao rveulSi

(davaleba 18) CamowereT TqvenTvis

cnobili musikaluri Txzulebebi,

romlebsac Sinaarsis gamomxatveli

saTauri aqvT.

18

!axla ki, wakiTxuli teqstidan amokribeT musikaluri nawarmoebebis

sa xel wodebebi, maT daamateT TqvenTvis nacnobi sxva nawarmoebebis saxel wo debebic da samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 19) ganaTavseT am sqemis Sesabamis grafaSi:

saxelwodeba, romelic

konkretul personaJze miuTi Tebs

saxelwodeba, rome lic kon kre-tul emo cias ga-

moxatavs

saxelwodeba, rome lic nawar-

moebis Jan rze mi-uTi Tebs

saxelwodeba, ro-me lic nawarmoebis tempze miuTiTebs

18

rogorc ukve mixvdebodiT, Gven, msme ne lebma, unda vicodeT, Tu ras niSnavs is saTaurebi, zog SemTxvevaSi ki ter mi nebi, romlebic wamZRvarebuli aqvs ama Tu im musikalur nawar-moebs, vinaidan yo ve live av-toriseuli miniSnebebia ro-gorc SemsruleblebisTvis, ise GvenTvis, msmene le bisTvis.

hoda, rodesac scenidan ga-moacxadeben: axla ki, moismineT romansi... Gven ubralod unda mivxvdeT, rom movismenT momRerlis, voka-listis xmas. romansSi gadmocemuli iqneba erTi adamianis, pirovnebis gancdebi, grZnobebi, anu misi piradi emociebi.

19

akompanementiT romanss ZiriTadad asrulebs erTi xma _ solisti. Tumca, gavrcelebulia agreTve romansis Sesruleba or xmaSi, sam xmaSic.

!naxeT da moismineT biZina kvernaZis ro man si kino-

filmidan `daTa Tu TaSxia~.

19

20

9-10gakveTil

i

!

gaixseneT qarTuli qalaquri simRerebi da maTgan SeadgineT

popuri, Semdeg ki imRereT. ai, erT-erTi maTgani:

cicinaTela (qalaquri)

Gemo cicinaTela, rad mifren nela-nela,

Senma SoriT naTebam damwva da damanela (2-jer)

anaTeb da kargi xar, Tumc me aras margixar,

Gemi iyo is minda, Sen ki sxvisken garbixar (2-jer)

isev Sen da isev Sen, Gemo cicinaTela,

me var Seni erTguli, sxva mogatyuebs yvela (2-jer)

2020

albaT, gagigoniaT gemrieli kerZis, vinegretis Sesaxeb, SesaZle-belia gagisinjavT kidec, gemrielia, ara?

sxvaTa Soris, vinegreti ase mzaddeba: viRebT yvelafers, rac gemrielia _ sxva da sxvagvar bostneuls, xorcs, Tevzs, vWriT wvrilad, vurevT da Semdeg... mi virT mevT. fran gebi aseT kerZs uwodeben popuris.

axla ki, gagacnobT musikaluri “kerZis”, “popuris” recepts: viRebT sa yo vel Ta od cno bil melodiebs, “vWriT”, arc Zalian “msxvil”, arc Zalian “wvril” na wi lebad, ise, rom maTi “gemo” vigrZnoT. gavaerTianebT da mivirTmevT (anu mo vusmenT) koncertze.

kerZis “Sekmazva” (anu Sesruleba) survilisamebr xdeba, gnebavT _ orkestris (sasule, sa es trado, xalxur sakravTa, simfoniuri) an, gnebavT, erTi romelime instrumentis Ses ru lebiT. popuri Zalze `gemrieli~ musikaluri `kerZia~.

davgegmoT koncerti (proeqti)vfiqrob, am dromde musikis gakveTilebze

sakmao raodenobis simRera geqnebaT naswavli da Sesrulebuli. xom ar dadga dro, saklaso koncerti gagemarTaT? hoda, dagegmeT RonisZieba, gamoiyeneT yvela is unar-Gveva, rac SegZinaT musikis sagnis gakveTilebma.

ra aris popuri?

21

SeasruleT romelime TqvenTvis sasurveli simRera, Tundac, `suliko~, Semdeg ki upasuxeT kiTxvebs:

• Tqveni azriT, ra datvirTva aqvs simReraSi sityvier teqsts?

• rogor fiqrobT, sityvieri teqstis gareSe Zneli iqneba simReris xasiaTis, misi ganwyobilebis gansazRvra?

• Tqven mier Sesrulebul simReras sityvieri teqsti rom ar hqonoda, SegrZnebebi iseTive geqnebodaT, Tu sxvagvari?

• maS, mosinjeT da à~ bgeraze SeasruleT `suliko~. rogor mogewonaT?

• axla, dafiqrdiT da upasuxeT aseT kiTvasac: Tqveni azriT, SesaZlebelia Tu ara usityvo simReris arseboba?

Tqven warmoidgineT, SesaZlebelia aseT simReras hqvia vokalizi. vokalizs vuwodebT usityvo melodias, romelic, bunebrivia, xmiT sruldeba solistis an gundis mier.

2121

?

samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 20) moismineT frangi kompozitoris, klod debiusis saorkestro nawarmoebis, `sirinozebis~ fragmenti da gansazRvreT:

• klasikuri nawarmoebia Tu Tanamedrove?

• rogoria nawarmoebis saSemsruleblo Semadgenloba

_ romeli tembrebi SeicaniT?

• vokaluria Tu instrumentuli klod debiusis `sirinozebi~?

• moiZieT informacia berZnuli miTologiidan zRvis sirinozebTan dakavSirebiT,

• romeli gamomsaxveli xerxebis saSualebiT SeZlo kompozitorma sityvebis, teqstis gareSe gaexmovanebina es ulamazesi arsebebi, sirinozebi?

•sityvieri teqstis gareSe Sesrulebulma musikalurma fragmentma raime ukmarisobis grZnoba xom ar dagitovaT?

• mogewonaT es nawarmoebi Tu ara? ratom?


gakveTili

11-12ra aris vokalizi?

22

simRera`mze Sina~

miniatiura`mze Sina~

moismineT qarTuli xalxuri simRera `mze Sina~ da sulxan cincaZis sakvarteto miniatiura `mze Sinas~ Temaze. samuSao rveulSi (davaleba21) dawereT Tqveni STabeWdileba:

romeli varianti ufro mogewonaT? ratom? zogadad, Tqveni azriT, simReraSi romeli ufro mTavaria _ sityvieri teqsti Tu melodia?


22

musikalur literaturaSi uxvad moiZebneba iseTi magaliTebi, rodesac samRerad Seqmnili melodia, romelsac aqvs sityvieri teqsti, gardaiqmneba instrumentul melodiad da asrulebs romelime sakravi, zogjer ki mTeli simfoniuri orkestri.

23

kompozitori rom yofiliyaviT, operis siuJets

ramden moqmedebad dayofdiT?

Tqveni azriT, ra datvirTva aqvs saopero qmnilebaSi literaturas?

diax, literaturuli nawarmoebebis siuJetebi da mxatvruli saxeebi musikalur nawarmoebebs xSirad udevs safuZvlad. ai magaliTad, antikuri miTiT, òrfevsi da evridike~ aris STagonebuli XVIII ssaukunis germaneli kompozitoris, kristof vilibald glukis amave saxelwodebis saopero Txzuleba.

...Sxamiani gvelis nakbeniT moulodnelad kvdeba orfevsis usayvarlesi meuRle, mSvenieri nimfa _ evridike. RmerTebis mefe, zevsi, orfevss aZlevs uflebas, GaeSvas aidis miwisqveSa samefoSi, saidanac daixsnis evridikes. Tumca, evridikes sicocxlesTan dabrunebis erTaderTi piroba arsebobs: orfevsi win unda gauZRves sayvarel meuRles da rac unda moxdes, misken ar gaixedos.

orfevsi GaeSveba aGrdilTa samefoSi, Tavisi damaTrobeli xmiT mrisxane furiebs _ miwisqveSa samefos sulebs moxiblavs; moZebnis evridikes da, pirobisamebr, win gauZRveba dedamiwis zedapirisaken, mzis Suqisaken. magram orfevsi arRvevs pirobas da sayvarel meuRles Sexedavs, ris gamoc evridike kvlav aGrdilad gadaiqceva, orfevsi _ qvad.

... magram, ai, ra Zala Seswevs musikas: _ RmerTebi, romlebic adamianebis

msgavsad eTayvanebodnen orfevsis xelovnebas, Seiwyaleben mas da evridikes sicocxles aGuqeben.

?

23

gakveTili

13-14orfevsi da evridike

gaixseneT da ganmarteT terminebi _ aria; trio; reCitativi; uvertiura.

!

24

`melodia~ operidan òrfevsi da evridike~ (fragmenti)

axla ki, moismineT melodia, romelsac ukve 250 weli Seusrulda, magram igi dResac xSirad JRers radiosa Tu sakoncerto darbazebSi. rogor fiqrobT, ratom? am SekiTx-vaze pasuxis gacema gagiadvildebaT, Tu moismenT `melodias~ glukis operidan òrfevsi da evridike~ da STabeWdilebebs aRwerT samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 22).


moifiqreT teqsti da gaiTamaSeT scena: òrfevsisa da furiebis Sexvedra~ an òrfevsisa da evridikes dialogi miwisqveSa samefoSi~.

?

! orfevsis aria `davkarge me evridike~ (fragmenti)

• SeasruleT es sanoto fragmenti notebis dasaxelebiT;

• axla ki, moifiqreT sityvieri teqsti (Tundac ramdenime strofi) da miusadageT melodias.

24

25

gakveTili

15-16saavtoro simRera

saavtoro simRera erTgvari qalaquri folkloria, romelsac sxva-dasxvanairad moixsenieben xolme: TviTSemoqmedeba, poezia gitaris Tanx-lebiT...

vin arian isini _ am simRerebis avtor-Semsruleblebi? dRes maTi saxelebi kargadaa cnobili. daakvirdiT am fotoebs da gamoicaniT, vin arian aRbeWdilni.

rogor fiqrobT, romeli Tvisebebi ganapirobebs saavtoro simRerebis popularobas msmenelebs Soris?

25

26

diax, geTanxmebiT, es aris gulwrfeloba, sisadave; advilad dasa-maxsovrebeli da msmenelisTvis advilad aRsaqmeli melodiebi; es aris gansakuTrebuli sasimRero poezia, romlis mxatvruli saxe erTdroulad musikaluric aris da poeturic. !

!!

moiZieT internetSi misamarTze: www. google.ge (in-

terneti Tbilisis forumi) qarTveli avtor-Semsruleblis,

avTo SarvaZis, simReris, `wiTelfexeba mtredebo~ au-

dioCanaweri da moasmenineT klasSi megobrebs.

moiZieT/SearCieT internetSi mi-sa marTze: www.avoe.ge qarTveli av-tor-Semsruleblis, mamuka Carkvian-is, romelime simReris audioCanaweri da moasmenineT klasSi megobrebs.

moiZieT informacia TqvenTvis

nacnob/ucnob avtor-Semsruleble-

blebze da moxsenebis an statiis

saxiT warmoadgineT.

2626

27

am legendaruli ansamblis Sesaxeb daiwera aTasobiT wigni (rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, sagazeTo, saJurnalo sta ti eb-ze). es gaxlavT gasuli saukunis 60-iani wle bis msoflioSi yvelaze popu la ru li an sam bli. masze gadaRebulia mra val i filmi.

e.w. `liverpulelma oTxeulma~ SeZ ra mTeli msoflio. koncertebi imar Te bo da sa koncerto darbazebsa da sta di oneb-ze, romlebsac eswreboda aTi aTa so biT ada miani. am an sambls aRmer Teb d nen _ es iyo namd vi li eqstazi.

jeqsonis foto

!ideaTa bazarimegobrebTan erTad SearGieT romelime Tanamedrove musikosis/

jgufis audioGanaweri da “gadaiReT” videoklipi. amisaTvis Sei-muSaveT scenari. gaiTvaliswineT: kompoziciis Sinaarsi, xasiaTi; SearGieT siuJetis personaJebi.

xom ar SegiZliaT, Tundac erTi

solistis gvaris dasaxeleba? ?ra hqvia am ansambls?

gakveTili

17-20

27

!samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 23) am fotoebs miuwereT Tav-Tavisi saxelebi.

moiZieT romelime maTganis audioGanaweri da moasmenineT klasSi Tqvens megobrebs.

27

vin `wonis~ msubuq musikas?

28

ras niSnavs msubuqi musika? vin "wonis" mas? nuTu TiToeul Gven-gans spe cia luri saswori gvaqvs amisaTvis?

... televiziiT gadascemen ritmul varjiSs, "aerobikas". sportsmenebi iRime-bian: sasiamovnoa, rodesac aseTi cocxali, moZravi, ritmuli, mxne musikis fonze kunTebs gaavarjiSeb. modiT, "avwonoT" es musika: isari odnav Seirxa. ra xdeba? musika msubuqia.

... mezoblisgan GvenTan xmauri Semo-dis: iq mxi arul axalgazrdebs cekva gauGaRebiaT. am Sem TxvevaSi ras gviGvenebs Gveni saswori? udar deli, laRi, msubuqi ganwyobaa.

... radioTi gadascemen popularuli melodiebis koncerts. adamianebi, garda imisa, rom ismenen am koncerts, sainteresoa, kidev ra saqmiT arian dakavebulni? ai, riT: zogi amzadebs sadils, zogi _ gakveTi-lebs. ras uGvenebs "saswori"? aseTi musika saq mi ano bas xels ar uSlis.

ase dagrovda epiTetebi: msubuqi, laRi, udardeli, mSvidi, gasarTobi da a.S.

TiToeuli adamiani TviTon irGevs me gob rebs da musikasac _ yve-las Tavisi "saswori" aqvs. sainteresoa, ras uGvenebs Tqveni saswori?

cota ram pop-musikis Sesaxeb

XX saukunis 60-iani wlebi... sakoncerto estradaze farTod gavr-celda 3-6 musikosisgan Sedgenili ansamblebi, romelTa safuZvelia eleqtro-gitarebi da dasartyami instrumentebi. garkveuli wlebi das-Wirda, raTa amgvari musikaluri mimarTulebisTvis Sesaferi saxeli SeerGiaT. yvelaze Sesaferi termini aRmoGnda pop-musika (popularuli musika). am terminma SemdgomSi transformacia, saxecvla ganicada da ewoda rok-musika. amgvari musikis SemsruleblebisTvis damaxasiaTe-beli gaxda eleqtro-akustikuri aparaturis, mkveTrad gaZlierebuli xmovanebis gamoyeneba.

Tqveni azriT, ratom gaxda saWiro aseTi

mkveTrad gaZ li ere buli xmovanebis ga moyeneba?

rok-musikis koncertebis Sesrulebis adgils

xom ar gaixsenebdiT??

28

msubuqi musika advilad aRsaqmeli, ZiriTadad,

garTobisaTvis gankuTvnili musikaa. gamoirCeva Si-

naarsisa da musikaluri enis SedarebiTi simarti-

viT. Janrulad mravalferovania, moicavs simReras,

cekvas, instrumentul piesas, siuitas, rafsodias,

fantazias popularul Temaze, operetas.

29

ritmuli musika Gaisaxa da ganagrZobs ganviTarebas, umeteswilad rogorc axalgazrduli xelovneba. TviTmoqmedi jgufebis monawileni ZiriTadad 14-15 wlidan 20-22 wlamde axalgazrdebi arian. igive asakisani arian, aseve, umeteswilad am ansamblebis msmenelebi da Ga-nawerTa koleqcionerebi.

riT izidavda pop-musika norG msmenelebs? pirvel yovlisa, mTavari instrumentis, gitaris aTvisebis simartiviT. imisaTvis, rom gaxdes Tundac TviTmoqmedi jazuri musikosi, saWiroa Semsrulebeli flobdes Semdeg instrumentebs: roials, saqsofons, sayvirs, rac, dameTanxmebiT, seriozul, bejiTsa da xangrZliv muSaobas moiTxovs; xolo imisaTvis, rom gitaraze daukra pop-musikis nimuSebi, profesiuli momzadeba srulebiTac ar aris aucilebeli. amisaTvis musikosma sakmarisia icodes ramdenime umartivesi akordi gitaraze.

!musikaluri kritikosi

warmoidgineT, rom musikaluri kritikosi xarT da erT-erT po-

pu larul JurnalTan TanamSromlobT. moismineT romelime Ta na med-

rove jgufis/solistis audio/videoGanaweri da Tqveni Jur na lisTvis

moamzadeT masala. SeiZleba es iyos kritikuli werili an kidev

in terviu SemsruleblebTan, msmenelebTan. samuSao rom gagiadvil-

deT, winaswar Se imuSaveT savaraudo kiTxvari. garda amisa, moiZieT

fotomasalac, rac Tqvens naSroms met xibls, mimzidvelobasa da

efeqts Sematebs. warmatebas gi survebT!

romeli musikaluri mimdinareoba gizidavT? xarT Tu ara musikal-uri Ganawerebis koleq-cioneri?

naxeT da moismineT jgufi Metallika-s SesrulebiT

Enter Sandman. gaixseneT/gamoicaniT romel musi-

kalur stils warmoadgens es popularuli jgufi.

moiZieT informacia am jgufis Sesaxeb, agreTve

audio-, videoCanawerebi da warudgineT megobrebs. ?? romelia amaTgan eleqtrogi-

tara? ra iciT zogadad gitaris Sesaxeb?

29

!

30

gindaT fortepianoze erT-erTi umartivesi simRera agawyobinoT? amisaT-vis jer gaecaniT musikaluri bgerebis asoiT aRniSvnebs:

C _ (ce) – do

D _ (de) _re С

E _ (e) _ mi

F _ (ef) _ fa

G _ (ge) _sol

A _ (a) _la F

H _ (ha) _ si

G

am simReris Tanxlebis Sesasruleblad mxolod sami akordi gesaWiroebaT.

Wrelo pepela

CWrelo pepela,gafrindi nela Gdelia ranu

Cni

Fdelia ranuni Cdelia ranuni Gdelia ranu

Cni

!

!

me konferansie var

dagegmeT koncerti: folkloruli, klasikuri an Tanamedrove

musikis, ro me lic geneboT. moifiqreT:

• vin miiRebs monawileobas koncertSi?

• vin iqneba am koncertis sapatio stumari?

• rogori TanmimdevrobiT daalagebdiT sakoncerto programas?

(SeadgineT scenari)

• vis rogor warudgenT sazogadoebas?

• moifiqreT, ra saxis reklamas gaukeTebT Tqven mier organi-

zebul saRamos?

• warmoidgineT, rom xarT konferansie...

3030

31

pop-musikis koncertebze Cven vxedavT mxolod Semsruleblebs da, albaT, arc ki gvifiqria, Tu ra xdeba scenis miRma. diax, iq gacilebiT meti ram xdeba.

imisaTvis, rom Semsrulebeli cnobili da popularuli gaxdes, misi ni-Wiereba da mondomeba sakmarisi ar aris. msmenelis mier SemsrulebelTa aRiarebis saqmeSi kompozitorebi, prodiuserebi, xmis Camweri kompaniebi arian CarTulebi. modiT, cota ram SevityoT zogierTi maTganis Sesaxeb:

xmis Camweri kompaniebiimisaTvis, rom xmis Camwerma kompaniebma finansuri mogeba miiRon kon-

ceretebidan, aseve diskebisa da klipebis gayidvis Sedegad, Zalian did samuSaos axrocieleben. gagacnobT ramdenime ganyofilebas, romlebic TiTqmis yvela Camwer kompaniaSia:

artistebisa da repertu-aris menejeri

mas evaleba Semsruleb-lis moZebna, àRmoCena~. amisaTvis menejeri es-wreba uamrav koncerts.

gayidvebis ganyofilebaklipi mzadaa, diskebic. es ganyofileba maT gay-idvaze zrunavs.

reklamisa da marketingis ganyo-filebamas Semdeg, rac artistebis mene-jeri Semsrulebels moZebnis, saWiroa simReris Cawera, diskeb-bis an klipebis gamzadeba, xolo Caweramde ki xdeba reklamireba _ Semsruleblis rac SeiZleba xSirad moxsenieba Jurnal-gazeTebSi, sxva mediasaSualebebSi.

promouSenis anu popularizaciis ganyofilebamisi mizania, msmenels tele-radio-saSualebebiT miawodos erTi-ori simReris Canaweri, anu amiT Seamza-debs da ganawyobs msmenels.

gakveTili

21-22ra aris musikaluri industria?

3131

!axla ki, moiZieT informacia saqarTveloSi arsebuli xmis Camweri kompaniebis Sesaxeb.

msoflioSi yvelaze didi xmis Camweri kompaniaa Emi.

vebgverdze WWW.emi musicpub.com/intro_maze.htm.

ufro dawvrilebiT gaecaniT am kompaniis saqmianobas

da moZiebuli informacia gaacaniT Tanaklaselebs.

!

32

minidiski

!musikaluri milocvebi

gsurT megobrebs musikaluri milocva gaugzavnoT?

es SesaZlebelia, Tu SexvalT vebgverdze WWW.mp3.

iq ganTavsebulia musikaluri Canawerebi, romelTagan

sasurvel arCevans usaTuod gaakeTebT.

32

gramofoni XX saukunis 40-ian wlebamde musikas usmendnen am xelsawyos saSualebiT.

vinili

audiokaseta 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Seiqmna

80-ani wlebidankompaqtdiski Semovida xmarebaSi. misi xmovaneba gacilebiT sufTaa, vidre firfitisa da kasetisa.

Mp3-fleieri XX saukunis bolos gamoigones. misi daxmarebiT in-ternetidan gadmoweril nebismier musikas mousmenT.

3333

xmis Camwer studiaSi

albaT gainteresebT, Tu rogor xdeba xmis Cawera. aq musika TandaTano-biT, etapobrivad iqmneba _ TiToeuli sakravi calke iwereba. etaps treki (biliki) hqvia. Tu Caweris procesSi, magaliTad, sayviris partia SecdomiT Caiwereba, maSin Sesabamisi treki (biliki) xelaxla Caiwereba.

am fotoze xedavT prodiusers da inJiners, romlebic miqSeris pult-Tan musikis Casawerad emzadebian. maT unda gaakontrolon da SearCion bgerebis siZliere, musikis tempi . yvela biliks Caweris Semdeg aerTe-ben, amTlianeben da gadaaqvT magnitur lentze. xolo aqedan ki musika kompaqtdiskebze mravldeba.

3434

gakveTili

dasartyami sakravebi

!

!

!

gaixseneT Tqven mier naswavli

romelime leqsi, SeurCieT melodia

da imRereT.

naxeT da moismineT, Tu

rogor JRers tabla, induri

dasartyami sakravi.

gsurT SeigrZnoT rokis ritmi? dasartyam sakravebze daukariT es ritmuli naxazi.

23-24

advili misaxvedria, am fotoze mxolod dasartyam sakravebs xedavT. isini gamoiy-eneba sxvadasxva saxeobisa da Semadgenlo-bis orkestrebsa Tu ansamblebSi.

malaiziaSi, afrikaSi, indoeTsa da samxreT amerikaSi arsebobs jgufe-bi, romelTa SemadgenlobaSi mxolod dasartyami sakravebi Sedis. aseTi jgufebi ZiriTadad saritualo musikas asruleben.

353535

Tqven SegiZliaT Tavad daamzadoT dasartyami sakravebi sxvadasxva advilad mosapovebeli masalisagan: muyaos qaRaldisagan, yavis qilebisagan...

daakvirdiT naxats da masalis moZieba, vfiqrob. ar gagiZneldebaT.

barda

soko

simindi

dasartyami sakravebi bgeras dartymiT, SexebiT an rxeviT gamoscemen

36

gamocana-koncerti

moismineT raime melodia an motivi da Semdeg fanqriT da aka ku-

neT misi Sesatyvisi ritmi. es uGveulo ritmuli muzicireba Se giZ-

liaT gadaaqcioT saxaliso gamocana-koncertad. sTxoveT me gob rebs,

ritmis mixedviT gamoicnon, Tu romel melodias “akakunebT”.

!albaT mogismeniaT, Tu rogor Zgers guli: bag-bug (pauza), bag-bug

(pauza) da ase Tanabrad, erTi da imave rigiT, TanmimdevrobiT. es gaxlavT ritmi, ro melic awesrigebs dros. ritmi SeiniSneba, rodesac tiktikebs saaTi; lian da gebze matareblis borblebis bagabugi; dRisa da Ramis, zamTrisa da zafxulis monacvleobac garkveul ritms emyareba ...

yuradRebiT daaTvaliereT am naxatebze gamosaxuli ornamentebi. maT yofaSi xSirad vxvdebiT (magidis sufraze, cxvirsaxocze, xaliGaze, WurWelze, Senobanagebobaze). nebismieri ornamenti ama Tu im nivTs ufro lamazsa da mimzidvels xdis. ornaments aseTi Tviseba aqvs: misi calkeuli elementi meordeba xolme. am ganmeorebiTobas Se iZ leba vuwodoT ritmuloba.

naxeT da moismineT: • qarTuli xalxuri cekva, `xorumi~. SeecadeT ga ime o roT am cekvis ritmi;• m. ravelis saorkestro nawarmoebi `bolero~ da SeecadeT gai-me oroT misi ritmi;• SeadareT erTmaneTs orive mosmenili sacekvao musika;• isaubreT, mogewonaT Tu ara? ratom?

!

36

musikaSi ritmis aseT monacvleobas yovelTvis vis menT xolme: sxvadasxva grZliobis bgerebi Tanmimdevrulad da, amasTan, Tanabrad enacvlebian erTmaneTs.

muanbanis sakiTxebi _ ritmi

37

samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 24) SeavseT taqtebi rit-muli grZliobebiT:

!SeasruleT ritmuli naxazi:

I _ taSiT

II _ fexis bakuniT

I _ magidaze fanqris kakuniT

II _ fexis bakuniT

!

samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 26)

• daukariT magaliTi da miuwereT daskvniTi bgera;

• imRereT notebis dasaxelebiT. daasruleT melodia

!samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 25)

• SeavseT magaliTi notebiT;

• daukariT, Semdeg ki imRereT notebis dasaxelebiT Tqven mier Gawerili melodia da gamoicaniT, ra sim Re raa?

37

38

gakveTili

25 ras niSnavs musikaluri kanoni?

kanoni berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs wessa da rigs. xSirad gvsmenia: "kanonis dac va", rac niSnavs "wesisa da rigis mixedviT qmedebas". vidre uSualod musikalur kanons gagacnobdeT (romlis SeqmnisaTvis didi ostatobaa saWiro), gTavazobT sityvebis meSveobiT Sedgenil kanons, raTa ufro naTeli gax des, Tu ras gulisxmobs musikaluri kanoni:

I xma

II xma

mimixvdiT? fraza "ia, ai ia" orjer gatarda, maSasdame es kanoni or xmi ania _ meore xma Semodis ori ujris dagvianebiT. mTeli said-umlo imaSia, rom aso-bgerebi vertikalSi qmnian sityvebs: ai ia, ia ai...

rodesac am kanons vadgendi, Tavdapirvelad erTi ujris dagvianebiT da viw ye qveda sarTuli (II xma), magram, naxeT, ra gamovida:

I xma

II xma

anu vertikalSi miviRe ai aa ia ii ai _ "aa" da"ii" ar mo me wo na. amitomac meore varianti varGie, sadac meti azri iyo (Tundac arc ise Ti Rrma).

axla ki, Tavad SeecadeT da moifiqreT orsarTuliani kanoni (sxva Ta Soris, arsebobs samsarTuliani, metic, magram gamogitydebiT, ver SeveWide aseT rTul davalebas).

musikaSi vxvdebiT araGveulebrivad dax-vewil kanonebs, rodesac erTi da igive musikaluri fraza/melodia safexurebrivad gaivlis sxvadasxva xmaSi, rac mTlianobaSi sasiamovno JReradobas qmnis.

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dagegmeT koncerti, sadac SeajerebT Tqven mier naswavl sasimRero da sa cekvao reper-tuars. gaiseneT da gaimeoreT yvelaze efeqturi sa kon certo no meri, romelsac gasul sas-wavlo wels damswreTa mowoneba xvda wi lad. ar da ga viwydeT fotoaparati an videokamera, romlis daxmarebiT daafiq-sirebT Tqven mier or ganizebul RonisZiebas.

gTavazobT ritmul kanons:

I rigi — taSiT

II rigi — kakuniT

III rigi — fexebis bakuniT

aRniSnuli savarjiSo SeasruleT jer tempSi:

Andante Semdeg ki, Presto.

es ki melodiuri kanonia

p. qanei

40

gakveTili

26-29

jazi XX saukunis musikaluri xelovnebis erT-erTi uaRresad popularuli saxeobaa. man ganviTarebis vrceli da rTuli gza ganvlo.

XVII saukuneSi aSS-Si afrikidan gemebiT Gaiyvanes zangi monebi. isini iyides mdidarma TeTr kanianebma, raTa TavianT plantaciebSi mZime sa-muSaos Sesasruleblad ga mo eyenebinaT.

samuSao dRis bolos, Sro miT ara qaT ga mo leuli, daR lil-daqanculi Savka nia ni mo nebi mainc poulobdnen Zal -Ro nes, raTa em Re raT da ecekvaT kidec. es maT sim xnevesa da gamZleobas sZenda. droTa gan mav lobaSi Sav kanianTa mexsie re ba Si GabeW dil mSobliur rit meb sa da intonaciebze did i gav lena iqonia TeTrkanianTa mu sik am. amerikelma zangebma Tan da-Tan gadaiRes da SeiTvises TeTr ka nianTa tra di ciebi da Ta vianT Wir-varams, dardsa Tu mcireoden sixa ruls ganaxlebul zan gur musikalur folklorSi gamoxatavdnen. ase warmoiSva zanguri re ligiuri sim Rera _ spi ri Gu el si.

ra aris jazi?

samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 27) SeavseT cxrili

ra vici jazis Sesaxeb? ra minda vicode? viswavle, rom...

moismineT erT-erTi religiuri simRera, spiriGuelsi da samuSao rveulSi (davaleba 28) aRwereT Tqveni Seg-rZnebebi.


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4141

megobrebTan erTad simReriT iswavle afroamerikuli spiriCuelsi.

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zanguri musikis Sesasruleblad TandaTan musi-kaluri instrumentebic gaxda saWiro. saxsrebis uqonlobis gamo, Sav kanianebi simRerebs TviTnakeTi musikaluri sakravebis Tan xlebiT asrulebdnen. aseT sakravebs metad ucnauri forma hqondaT: warmoid-gineT yuTisagan gakeTebuli vi o lino an gamomSral gograze damagrebuli cxenis Zuis si mebiani sakravi, romelsac banjo hqvia; cxovelTa Zvlebisagan dam-zadebuli Gxarunebi da a.S.

ela ficjeraldi,

lui armstrongi.

!

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!!

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...iciT, ra sainteresoa, Tu rogor GauvardaT xelSi zang musikosebs evro pu li musikaluri instrumentebi? Turme ai, rogor: aSS-Si samoqa-laqo omis dam Tav rebis Semdeg (1865 w.) daSlili samxedro orkestrebis musikosebma, vidre Sin dabrundebodnen, TavianTi musikaluri instru-mentebi gadayares. zangebma es sakravebi Seagroves, damoukideblad iswavles dakvra da male niu-orleanis zangur dasaxlebebSi gaisma im droisaTvis metad ucnauri musika.

XIX saukunis amerikuli qalaqis, niu-orleanis mosaxleoba Zalze Wreli, mra val ero vani iyo. vis ar SexvdebodiT aq _ mezRvaurebs, mogzaurebs, vaWrebs, gangs te rebs, usaqmurebs, inglise-lebs, espanelebs, portugalielebs... swored am qalaqSi Ga moyalibda pirveli namdvili jazuri orkestri. misi xelmZRvaneli iyo badi bo ul deni. igi dalaqi iyo. amboben, didi da Zalze janmrTeli filtvebis wyalo-biT, klar nets ise xmamaRla ukravda, rom misi xma 10 km-is daSorebiTac ki ismodao.

bouldenis orkestri sul 5-6 musikosisagan Sedge-boda. Tavdapirvelad or kes tri zangebis yofa-cxovre-baSi aqtiur rols asrulebda. musikosebi ukravdnen dak rZalvisa da qorwilis ceremonialebze, quGebsa da moednebze.

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improvizaciaes musikaluri saocrebaa! adamiani ukravs. mas ekiTxebian: ras

ukrav? man ki, Turme, arc icis, ra nawarmoebs ukravs, TviTonac pirvelad ismens, misi TiTebi, TiTqos, raRac idumal brZanebas emorGilebian, raRac idumali Zala amoZravebT da STaagonebT.

axla ki, SevecdebiT agixsnaT saocreba, romelsac hqvia im-provizacia. la Ti nu ri sityva ìmpro~ qarTulad uecars, moulod-nels niSnavs, imas, rac mom za debis gareSe xdeba. e.i. improvizacia musikis uecar SeTxzvas da mis imave wams, uSualod Sesrulebas, winaswari momzadebis gareSe dakvras niSnavs. improvizacia sanoto furcelze araa Gawerili. igi musikosisagan, uwinares yovlisa, gamomgoneblobas moiTxovs.

improvizaciis xelovneba musikaSi uZvelesi droidan ipyrobda yuradRebas. nakladac ki iTvleboda, Tuki musikoss improvizaciis niWi da unari ar gaaGnda, Tumca am niWiT arcTu ise bevrni yo-filan dajildoebulni. saucxoo improvizatorebi yofilan didi klasikosi kompozitorebi: baxi da hendeli, mocarti da beThoveni, Sopeni da listi, sxvebi da sxvebi, vinc TavianTi improvizaciebiT Tanamedroveebs xiblavdnen.

XX saukunis improvizaciam saxeli gaiTqva jazis musikosTa wya-lobiT. jazi xom mTlianad improvizacias efuZneba. mokled, Tu gsurT gaigoT, ra aris improvizacia, usmineT jazur musikas.

rasobrivi uTanasworobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli adamianebi Tavis protests ai, am simReriTac gamoxatavdnen

v. d. martini

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waikiTxeT da daimaxsovreT

45

Temis hiti

ase dasrulda saxelmZRvanelos pirveli Tavi. sainteresoa, Tu ra iswavleT, gaigeT am TavSi ganTavsebuli TemebiT/gakve Ti lebiT, ai, wigni daxureT... ra dagamaxsovrdaT samudamod?

?

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gakveTilze moismenT fragmentebs im nawarmoebebidan, romlebsac ukve icnobT. samuSao rveulSi (daveleba )cxrilSi gamotovebul adgilebze romel sityvebs CasvamdiT?

# kompozitori nawarmoebis saxelwodeba

1. f. Suberti

2. `weliwadis droni~, `gazafxuli~

3. `dila~, siuitidan `per giunti~

4. l.v. beThoveni

5. x. lakale

6. mindias aria operidan -------

7. `lacrimosa~, `rekviemidan~

8. papagenosa da papagenas dueti operidan --------------------

4646

gakveTili

30koncerti _ solistis paeqroba orkestrTan

usaTuod gemaxsovrebaT terminis, koncertis, ganmarteba. diax, sityva `kon-certi~ (concerto) italiuridan iRebs saTaves da Sejibrs gulisxmobs. koncertSi erTmaneTs èjibrebian~ solisti da orkestri.

rodesac kompozitori qmnis amgvar Txzulebas, is yovelTvis iTvaliswinebs im sakravis maqsimalur SesaZleblobebs, romelmac ̀ paeqrobaSi~ unda gamoiwvios orkestri. amitom aris koncerti virtuozuli xasiaTisa, anu srulyofili saSe-msruleblo teqnikis mqone xelovanisaTvis gankuTvnili, misi maRali ostatobis maCvenebeli.

naxeT da moismineT Cexi kompozitoris, an-tonin dvorJakis koncerti Celosa da orkes-trisaTvis.ganmeorebiTi mosmenisas aswieT xeli, rodesac solo sakravi Semova.

sityva ̀ kadencia~ (ital.cadenza) daboloebas, dasasruls

niSnavs. swored kadenciis Sesrulebis dros vlindeba solis-

tis maRali saSemsruleblo xelovneba, virtuozuli teqnikuri

SesaZleblobebi. kadencia iseTive rols TamaSobs instrumen-

tul koncertSi, rogorsac aria operaSi. XVIII saukuneSi kompozitorebi

ar werdnen kadenciebs. TiToeuli solisti TviTon Txzavda kadencias

Sesrulebis procesSi.

a. dvorJakis koncerti samnawiliania. vidre koncertis I nawils moismenT, winaswar getyviT, rom I nawilis dasrulebamde violonCelisti solo partias Seasrulebs orkestris gareSe. es kadenciaa.

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marika CikvaiZe

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