Maps & Statistics Sikh Empire that lasted from 1799-1849. British Empire took control and annexed Punjab in 1849 after two Anglo Sikh Wars. Punjab was at the heart of the independence

23

Maps & StatisticsThe Punjab Province

Land Cover By Province Land Cover Atlas of Pakistan The Punjab Province

Punjab is the largest province of Pakistan in terms of population. The name Punjab is derived from Persian words Panj – ab meaning “five” (panj) “waters” (āb), i.e., Land of Five Rivers. These five rivers are the tributaries of the Indus River namely Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.

History of Punjab dates back to the Indus Valley civilization. The region has been invaded and ruled by many different empires and races including the Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Egyptians, Afghans, and Mongols. The population of Punjab had been pre-dominantly Hindu with large Buddhist minorities before it was conquered by Muhammad bin Qasim in 712 AD. Islam later spread through the teachings of various sufi saints. The Mughals controlled the region from 1524-1739. It was their reign that saw the construction of the great architectural wonders such as the Badshahi Mosque and the Shalimar Gardens. Following the decline and subsequent fall of the Mughal Empire, Maharaja Ranjeet Singh was the most prominent ruler of Punjab. He established

the Sikh Empire that lasted from 1799-1849. British Empire took control and annexed Punjab in 1849 after two Anglo Sikh Wars. Punjab was at the heart of the independence struggle of modern Pakistan; the Pakistan resolution of 1940 was passed in Lahore. The province also hosts heritage sites of Taxila, Rohtas Fort, Ruins of Harappa and Lahore Shahi Fort.

The province lies predominantly on plains, however, there are some hilly areas in the north west and extreme south west. There is also a plateau adjacent to the mountains known as the Potohar plateau and a desert belt in the South Eastern part known as Cholistan desert. All major rivers originating from Himalayas pass through Punjab. They are primeval in nature and the volume of water increases in the summer after the monsoon rains, resulting, at times, in floods. Most areas in Punjab experience warm winters, often accompanied by rain. By mid-February, the temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in. The

temperature ranges from −2° to 45°C, but can reach 47°C in summer and touch down to −5°C in winter.

The province contains one of the largest irrigation systems of the world with about 3000 irrigated channels present all over the province. Due to the presence of extensive irrigated system, Punjab is rich with an agricultural production.. Cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, millet, corn, oilseeds, pulses, vegetables, and fruits such as kinoo (orange), mango etc are the major agricultural products. Along with the agricultural activities, the province developed significantly in industrial production also. Its manufacturing industries produce textiles, sports goods, Heavy machinery, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, cement, vehicles, auto parts, IT equipment, metals, sugar mill plants, aircraft, cement plants, agriculture machinery, bicycles and rickshaws, floor coverings, and processed foods etc.

The Punjab province comprises of 36 districts which are discussed separately.

PUNJAB PROVINCE

Source: SUPARCO

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Land Cover By Province Land Cover Atlas of Pakistan The Punjab Province

PUNJAB

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND COVER IN THE PROVINCE OF PUNJAB IN KM²

DISTRICT Orc CIr CIs Cfp CRa NtM NvW Rsh Bui Bar Bav Wet Snw

Attock 3.33 0 0 8.19 4,112.83 265.67 175.74 2,007.88 131.62 2.40 0.51 73.51 0

Bahawalnagar 6.38 5,720.10 88.22 145.04 327.33 4.74 118.42 12.83 240.39 38.81 1,874.43 96.59 0

Bahawalpur 4.91 5,120.94 6.94 39.13 0.36 104.93 54.91 169.55 214.74 24.85 18,146.30 40.66 0

Bhakkar 12.32 3,144.30 1.72 101.98 0.07 41.13 64.28 12.05 189.83 1.38 4,483.61 107.71 0

Chakwal 0.03 0 0 0.40 3,815.97 502.59 47.76 2,005.61 138.36 1.93 0 43.20 0

Chiniot 39.80 2,187.52 7.26 150.64 0 1.94 104.97 11.47 79.45 3.61 0 72.60 0

Dera Ghazi Khan 5.70 2,680.05 39.59 382.43 1,812.28 55.13 531.34 4,341.82 164.89 23.99 1,685.11 224.47 0

Faisalabad 30.14 5,023.01 119.88 20.60 0 11.43 12.73 31.09 454.01 0.21 0 154.51 0

Gujranwala 0.15 3,225.17 5.64 35.14 0 12.18 47.52 0.53 246.35 2.04 0 62.75 0

Gujrat 0.83 2,134.21 0.09 58.31 283.65 16.29 150.19 294.68 188.09 12.54 0.80 71.09 0

Hafizabad 0.23 2,105.40 35.30 29.55 0 5.20 50.56 0.36 66.29 1.93 0 65.54 0

Jhang 15.42 4,235.85 41.69 285.15 0 61.95 188.77 49.90 132.72 2.32 1,014.69 153.68 0

Jhelum 0.19 188.92 37.09 83.78 1,386.69 169.40 108.17 1,317.20 104.64 3.97 1.79 224.88 0

Kasur 19.49 3,463.89 20.02 70.70 0 92.97 48.74 23.96 191.01 1.29 0 77.79 0

Khanewal 155.41 3,644.06 25.05 91.49 0 56.25 28.64 44.55 162.40 3.40 0 79.15 0

Khushab 8.75 1,440.96 28.06 83.56 722.89 685.44 39.63 429.67 205.24 36.67 2,725.68 149.68 0

Lahore 4.02 1,048.33 28.16 4.70 0 3.35 7.49 8.50 621.06 1.36 0 23.79 0

Layyah 59.18 2,980.43 0 398.01 0.01 111.04 145.28 21.35 124.93 0.31 2,312.78 117.70 0

Lodhran 10.30 2,711.75 23.22 13.54 0 6.21 18.06 2.26 87.39 2.26 18.84 21.31 0

Mandi Bahauddin 102.77 2,231.91 1.58 61.52 0.14 41.19 68.60 8.62 96.48 2.36 0 72.55 0

Mianwali 5.66 2,089.60 0 300.46 770.12 124.55 308.75 1,397.27 184.53 24.94 382.05 242.96 0

Multan 347.56 2,787.35 20.31 108.06 0 0.04 51.20 1.33 263.39 0.26 36.29 56.49 0

Muzaffargarh 272.18 4,695.95 57.13 865.53 0.62 4.86 535.54 55.43 149.54 1.58 1,189.11 439.33 0

Nankana Sahib 16.02 1,451.16 48.84 43.20 0 3.70 14.64 0.78 54.05 0.46 0 29.34 0

Narowal 0.25 1,947.47 4.76 212.69 0 13.74 39.26 30.54 85.54 7.23 0 19.20 0

Okara 11.66 3,935.00 47.50 82.52 0 30.00 57.86 4.77 192.50 0.49 0 58.95 0

Pakpattan 5.37 2,514.54 7.11 27.37 0 6.35 20.86 6.56 111.13 3.33 0 10.91 0

Rahim Yar Khan 160.63 5,891.23 116.33 508.02 0 50.67 120.54 28.01 272.63 30.46 5,287.23 156.29 0

Rajanpur 9.66 2,694.63 27.12 863.77 1,328.70 8.82 179.79 6,885.02 64.76 39.69 21.67 216.54 0

Rawalpindi 0.54 0 0 0.01 2,719.17 618.30 10.20 1,574.04 366.30 0 0 39.26 0

Sahiwal 52.78 2,821.72 26.54 29.79 0 50.35 28.53 2.72 166.87 0.10 0 25.13 0

Sargodha 1,114.84 4,028.19 70.27 89.22 0 6.45 69.14 21.96 278.00 8.25 0 166.74 0

Sheikhupura 42.81 3,794.56 94.60 27.81 0 14.95 27.73 3.00 259.45 5.18 0 83.64 0

Sialkot 3.35 2,665.78 0.63 35.04 0 28.52 36.40 3.21 234.87 3.23 0 21.70 0

Toba Tek Singh 69.94 2,764.79 12.78 26.58 0 53.15 24.30 104.53 172.41 0.76 0 46.91 0

Vehari 30.82 4,079.57 12.80 18.27 0 0.01 28.66 9.36 174.11 10.76 1.04 19.26 0

Total in km² 2,623.41 101,448.35 1,056.25 5,302.20 17,280.83 3,263.49 3,565.18 20,922.42 6,869.97 304.37 39,181.94 3,565.80 0

Total in % 1.3 49.4 0.5 2.6 8.4 1.6 1.7 10.2 3.3 0.1 19.1 1.7 0

Grand total 205,384.21

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Federally Administered Tribal Areas

Azad Jammu & Kashmir

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I n d i a

A f g h a n i s t a n

Rahim Yar Khan

Jhang

Kasur

Okara

Attock

Jhelum

Gujrat

Lahore

Layyah

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Vehari

Chakwal

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Sahiwal

Lodhran

Mianwali

Sargodha

Khanewal

Rajanpur

Hafizabad

Pakpattan

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Jauharabad

Gujranwala

Faisalabad

Bahawalpur

Sheikhupura

Muzaffargarh Bahawalnagar

NankanaSahib

Toba Tek Singh

MandiBahauddin

Dera Ghazi Khan

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LAND COVER IN PERCENTAGE

1.3

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Land Cover Map of Punjab

Land Cover By District Land Cover Atlas of Pakistan The Punjab Province

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND COVER IN THE DISTRICT

I n d i a

A f g h a n i s t a n

Balochis tan

Sindh

KhyberPakhtunkhwa

Federally AdministeredTribal Area Gil git-Bal ti stan( Di sputed Terri tory )

Azad Jammu& KashmirIslamabad Capital Territory

AttOCk

Legend km² %

Orchards 3.33 0.0

Crop Irrigated 0.00 0.0

Crop Marginal and Irrigated Saline 0.00 0.0

Crop in Flood Plain 8.19 0.1

Crop Rainfed 4,112.83 60.6

Forest - Natural Trees and Mangroves 265.67 3.9

Natural Vegetation in Wet Areas 175.74 2.6

Range Lands - Natural Shrubs and Herbs 2,007.88 29.6

Built-up 131.62 1.9

Bare Areas 2.40 0.0

Bare Areas with Sparse Natural Vegetation 0.51 0.0

Wet Areas 73.51 1.1

Snow and Glaciers 0.00 0.0

Grand Total 6,781.68

Attock district is situated at the left bank of Indus River. The famous Attock Fort is a major land mark of district Attock. Its climate comprises of hot summers and cold winters. The district mainly occupies hills, plateaus and dissected plains. The Indus River flows on the northern and western borders of the district. Attock comprises of six tehsils: Attock, Fateh Jang, Pindi Gheb, Jand, Hazro and Hasan Abdal. The district headquarter is located at Attock.

Source: Wikipedia

INDEX MAP

LAND COVER IN PERCENTAGE

29

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Jand

Hazro

Attock

Fateh Jang

Pindi Gheb

Hassan Abdal

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

IslamabadCapital

Territory

Chakwal

Rawalpindi

Mianwali

72° 30'E

72° 30'E

72° 0'E

72° 0'E

34° 0'N 34° 0'

N

33° 30'N 33° 30'

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33° 0'N 33° 0'

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0 8 164 Km

Ü Mercator Projection WGS-84

Land Cover By District Land Cover Atlas of Pakistan The Punjab Province

DISTRIBUTION OF LAND COVER IN THE DISTRICT

I n d i a

A f g h a n i s t a n

Balochis tan

Sindh

KhyberPakhtunkhwa

Federally AdministeredTribal Area Gil git-Bal ti stan

Azad Jammu& KashmirIslamabad Capital Territory

( Di sputed Terri tory )

BAhAwAlNAgAR

Legend km² %

Orchards 6.38 0.1

Crop Irrigated 5,720.10 66.0

Crop Marginal and Irrigated Saline 88.22 1.0

Crop in Flood Plain 145.04 1.7

Crop Rainfed 327.33 3.8

Forest - Natural Trees and Mangroves 4.74 0.1

Natural Vegetation in Wet Areas 118.42 1.4

Range Lands - Natural Shrubs and Herbs 12.83 0.1

Built-up 240.39 2.8

Bare Areas 38.81 0.4

Bare Areas with Sparse Natural Vegetation 1,874.43 21.6

Wet Areas 96.59 1.1

Snow and Glaciers 0.00 0.0

Grand Total 8,673.29

Bahawalnagar district is located in the east of Punjab. It is mainly an agricultural region with some desert region; Cholistan. The district has a hot desert climate with hot summers and mild winters. Precipitation mostly falls in the monsoon season from June to August. Some rain also falls from February to April. The district has five tehsils: Bahawalnagar, Haroonabad, Chishtian, Fort Abbas and Minchinabad. The district headquarter is located at Bahawalnagar.

Source: www.panoramio.com

INDEX MAP

LAND COVER IN PERCENTAGE

31

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Chishtian

Haroonabad

Fort Abbas

Minchinabad

Bahaw a lnagar

Vehari

Bahawalpur

Sahiwal

Okara

Pakpattan

Khanewal

Toba Tek Singh

I n d i a

74° 0'E

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N

29° 30'N 29° 30'

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0 10 205 Km

Ü Mercator Projection WGS-84