Manual on the Management of Children with Visual Impairment

Manual on the Management
By
September 2003
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PREFACE
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CONTENT
Introduction
References
1.2 Action To Be Taken By Public Health Nurse
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Visual Impairment
Low Vision
o o o o o o
2. VISUAL DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
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2. VISUAL DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
Note : Give children up to 8 weeks allowance to achieve target milestone
Age (Months) Normal Behaviour
2.1.1. Appearance
2.1.2. Behavior
2.1.3. Complaint
3.4 Technique on Eye Assesssment
3.5 Indication for Referral to Ophtalmologist
3.6 Visual Assessment Record
AGE : NEWBORN TO 1 MONTH
FIXATION TO LIGHT
REFER IF
Technique Observation Illustrations
Technique Observation Illustrations
REFER IF
REFER IF
HUNDREDS AND THPUDSANDS TEST
IMITATE MOVEMENT
REFER IF
MATCHING OBJECTS (DISTANCE) Do not change the size of the pictures
Technique Illustrations Observation
SHERIDEN GARDINER TEST
Visual Acuity Measurement
Recommended Age Method Indications for Referral to an Ophthalmologist
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4.2 Check List for Stimulation Activities
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i. Ensure safety of the home environment
ii. Use and Maximise The Other Senses in the Management of Child with Visual Impairment.
A child with visual impairment must be taught to use his other senses of touch, hearing, smell and taste to learn about the world around him. Some of the ways he can be taught to do this are as follows:-
ii.
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Touch:
Hearing:
Smell:
Taste:
This is safe as long as the object is clean and
big enough so it cannot be swallowed.
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Ages No. Activities Assessment Stimulation Pages
Remarks
Yes
Remarks
Yes
Remarks
Yes
Remarks
Yes
Remarks
Yes
Remarks
Yes
Remarks
Yes
Remarks
Yes
AGE 0 < 3 MONTHS
A. MOBILIZATION AND ORIENTATION
* Start the activities when baby is more then 2 ½ months old
RIGHT TO THE LEFT
STIMULATION ACTIVITIES
2) CARRIED OVER THE SHOULDER
*These activities can be done when baby is more than 2 months. *Get advice from health staffs
RIGHT TO THE LEFT
B. MANIPULATIVE SKILLS, PSYCHOSOSIAL, LANGUAGE AND HEARING DEVELOPMENT
* Introduce one person at a time so that he can recognize the voice with the person.
SIT DOWN
RIGHT LEFT RIGHT LEFT
* Don’t do this activity on slippery surface
* While walking encourage child to hold one hand up in front of forehead to avoid knocking into objects at eye level
* Explain surroundings to avoid accident
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* Introduce one word at the time.
head head
AGE 2 < 3 YEARS A. MOBILISATION AND ORIENTATION
*This activity must be strictly supervised by an adult at all time.
1)
2)
3)
Brushing teeth
Hand washing and wiping face
EAT RICE
*Remember encourage him to use all his other senses.
* Do not shift the basket
* Play and sing the alphabets in rhythm
This activity is for low vision children)
Refer Rehabilitation Equipment : - The colour book
For buttons:
Repeat the same procedure for press studs, hooks and eyes.
Refer Rehabilitation Equipment : - ‘Buku A.D.L.’
brushing his teeth.
Examples:
NOT
Examples:
Examples:
Introduce one taste at a time *Give different types of food of the same taste
AGE 5 < 6 YEARS A. MOBILISATION AND ORIENTATION
Walking stick is available at Malaysian Association For The Blind * Adjust the length of walking according to child’s height
Refer Rehabilitation Equipment : - Buku A.D.L. for tying shoelace and velcro
3 beads to mark 12
2 beads to mark 3,6,9
1 bead to mark 1,2,4,5,7,8,10,11
Refer Rehabilitation Equipment - Clock
B. MANIPULATIVE SKILLS, PSYCHOSOSIAL, LANGUAGE AND HEARING DEVELOPMENT
* Expose the child to the environment e.g heat of the sun during day
Refer to Rehabilitation equipment – Tactile Book
Rehabilitation Equipment “Mari Mengira”
Refer to Special Education
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INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED FOR EYE EXAMINATION
SUGGESTED TOYS FOR REHABILITATION PROGRAM
Characteristic of toys
Example of ToysJustification
Family Health Medical Officer, State Health Department, Perak
Opthalmologist, Hospital Kuala Lumpur
Optometrist, Hospital Kuala Lumpur
Public Health Matron, State Health Department Ipoh
Public Health Matron, Family Health Development Division, Ministry Of Health
Public Health Nurse, Health Clinic Gopeng
Public Health Nurse, M.C.H.C Batu Gajah
Public Health Nurse, Health Clinis Chemor
Public Health Nurse, Health Clinic Ulu Dedap
Public Health Nurse, M.C.H.C Batu Gajah
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St. Nicholas School, Penang
St. Nicholas School, Penang.

Manual on the Management of Children with Visual Impairment

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