MANNOISE MANagement of anthropogenic NOISE and its impacts on terrestrial and marine habitats in sensitive areas – proposal for a collaboration between.

MANNOISEMANNOISEMANagement of anthropogenic NOISE and its impacts on terrestrial and marine habitats in sensitive areas – proposal for a collaboration between Italy and Slovenia

Overview of the presentationOverview of the presentation

•Noise pollutionNoise pollution

•Aim of the projectAim of the project

•PartnersPartners

•Study sitesStudy sites

•MethodsMethods

•OutputOutput

Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output2

What noise pollution is?What noise pollution is?


Effects of excessively intense noise levels:Effects of excessively intense noise levels:On animals: On animals: masking of sounds used for masking of sounds used for reproduction and navigation, reduction of reproduction and navigation, reduction of usable habitat (cause of extinction to some usable habitat (cause of extinction to some species), long term changes in population species), long term changes in population structurestructureOn humans: hypertensionOn humans: hypertension, annoyance and annoyance and aggression, tinnitus, sleep disturbancesaggression, tinnitus, sleep disturbances

On both: On both: stress, permanent or temporary stress, permanent or temporary hearing loss, other harmful effectshearing loss, other harmful effects

it is the it is the unwantedunwanted sound that disrupts the sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal lifeactivity or balance of human or animal life

Many human activities can be claimed as Many human activities can be claimed as responsible for noise pollutionresponsible for noise pollution

www.fuelingtheworld.com

Unwanted noise can be impulsive or tonal, loud or Unwanted noise can be impulsive or tonal, loud or relatively quiet, persistent or short/very shortrelatively quiet, persistent or short/very short

Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output

Why addressing undewater noise pollution?Why addressing undewater noise pollution?

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Because of increasing human activities in Because of increasing human activities in coastal areas, it is a every-day growing coastal areas, it is a every-day growing problemproblem

Transboundary problem – need of joint Transboundary problem – need of joint collaboration between neighbouring collaboration between neighbouring countriescountries

Most sensitive areas in Northern Adriatic, Most sensitive areas in Northern Adriatic, located in highly populated coastal zones, located in highly populated coastal zones, with very high level of human activities, are with very high level of human activities, are critical habitats for key-species, both marine critical habitats for key-species, both marine and terrestrialand terrestrial


Aim of the presented projectAim of the presented project

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MSFD requires a complete assessment of MSFD requires a complete assessment of marine environment in all EU seas within marine environment in all EU seas within 2012 as well as development of monitoring 2012 as well as development of monitoring programmes for all relevant parameters, programmes for all relevant parameters, including underwater noise. including underwater noise.

Underwater noise is one of the relevant Underwater noise is one of the relevant issues in the new issues in the new Marine Strategy Marine Strategy Framework DirectiveFramework Directive, adopted by the EU , adopted by the EU in 2008. in 2008.

This project is intended to prepareThis project is intended to prepare Guidance Guidance on the Effective airborne and Underwater on the Effective airborne and Underwater Noise Management in Slovenian-Italian Noise Management in Slovenian-Italian coastal areascoastal areas


Our principal activity is to perform scientific research, test, implement and ensure safety and health in the working and living environment as well as protection from ionized and non-ionized radiation, fire safety, road safety, publicity and education.

ZVD d.d. takes an active part since 1960 and it is the oldest and the largest institution on the field of assuring of safety and health at work.

ZVD d.d. is equipped with top-level equipment and employ 95 people including 5 Doctors of Science, 6 with Master's degrees and 51 university, college and high school graduates.

ZVD d.d. covers entire region of the Republic of Slovenia and performs whole range of services from the field of safety and health at work and living environment.

Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output 8

Laboratory for Physical Measurement received accreditation according to standard SIST EN ISO/IEC 17025 for performing sound Insulation measurements in buildings and of building materials and for measuring noise in buildings and in the natural and living environment

ZVD Zavod za varstvo pri delu, d.d.; Chengdujska cesta 25, 1260 Ljubljana - Polje

NOISE MEASUREMENTS

PORT OF KOPER – CONTINUES NOISE MEASUREMENTS AROUND PORT AND NOISE MAPPING

AIRPORT OF LJUBLJANA – CONTINUES NOISE MEASUREMENTS OF AIRCRAFT NOISE

MILITARY AIRPORT CERKLJE PRI KRKI – NOISE MAPPING, NOISE MEASSUREMENTS

COMBINED HEAT AND POWER STATION TE-TOL LJUBLJANA - NOISE CONTROL

SOME LAST BIGGEST ACOUSTICAL PROJECTS:


FFounded in the early sixties as Water ounded in the early sixties as Water Management InstituteManagement Institute

From 2004 it is a public instituteFrom 2004 it is a public institute

specialized in water resources management specialized in water resources management and freshwater and maritime engineering.and freshwater and maritime engineering.

IWRSIWRS serve serves thes the Ministry of Environment in Ministry of Environment in legal regulation procedures in water legal regulation procedures in water management planning and water protection.management planning and water protection.

Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia


Field of activitField of activitiesies::

LeLead institution forad institution for organization of organization of expert support to the expert support to the Ministry of Ministry of Environment in implementation of: Environment in implementation of:

Marine Strategy Framework DirectiveMarine Strategy Framework Directive Water Framework DirectiveWater Framework Directive Flood DirectiveFlood Directive and other fields and other fields

Development and research in the fields of:Development and research in the fields of: water ecology, hydrology and river water ecology, hydrology and river morphodynamics;morphodynamics;hydrological studies, water hydrological studies, water management plans and environmental management plans and environmental risk assessment studies;risk assessment studies;GIS, data management.GIS, data management.

StaffStaff

5566 employed employed

1212 researchers researchers ((88 PhD) PhD)

3535 engineers engineers

1111 technicians technicians & admin& admin..

Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia

11Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output

TheThe newly founded Department of Life Sciences of Trieste newly founded Department of Life Sciences of Trieste University originates from the fusion of four departments: University originates from the fusion of four departments: the Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and the Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, the Department of Biology, Macromolecular Chemistry, the Department of Biology, the Department of Physiology and Pathology and the Department of Physiology and Pathology and the Department of Biomedical Sciences.the Department of Biomedical Sciences.

More than 10 years of formal agreement between Biology More than 10 years of formal agreement between Biology Department (University of Trieste) and WWF-Natural Marine Department (University of Trieste) and WWF-Natural Marine Reserve of MiramareReserve of MiramareSeveral studies on the impact of man-made input of noise Several studies on the impact of man-made input of noise and light in the marine environment, with special regards to and light in the marine environment, with special regards to the behavioral response of target species to these stimulithe behavioral response of target species to these stimuli

Expertize on the topic:Expertize on the topic:

5 Master Thesis, 2 PhD, 1 research fellowship 5 Master Thesis, 2 PhD, 1 research fellowship Research papers on the topic published on international Research papers on the topic published on international scientific journalsscientific journals

External collaborations:External collaborations: Biology Department, University of Wien Biology Department, University of Wien Blue-Blue-World Institute of Marine Research and World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation (Croazia)Conservation (Croazia) FRS Marine Laboratory of Aberdeen (UK)FRS Marine Laboratory of Aberdeen (UK) SISSA (Trieste)SISSA (Trieste) Engeneering Department, University of Parma (Italy)Engeneering Department, University of Parma (Italy)


Acoustic protection of the marine bio-systemAcoustic protection of the marine bio-system

Some examples:Some examples:

Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise pressure in the Lošinj Dolphinpressure in the Lošinj Dolphin Reserve (Northern Reserve (Northern Adriatic, Croatia) (2004-2006) - runned with the ngo Adriatic, Croatia) (2004-2006) - runned with the ngo Blue Blue World Institute for marine research and conservationWorld Institute for marine research and conservation

Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise Assessing the extent of the anthropogenic noise pressure in the Natural Marine Reserve of Miramare pressure in the Natural Marine Reserve of Miramare (2006-2008) - research supported by the (2006-2008) - research supported by the Italian Ministry Italian Ministry for Environment, Territory and Seafor Environment, Territory and Sea


Cooperative SocietyCooperative Society

Estabilished in 1988Estabilished in 1988

Research institute from 1995Research institute from 1995

Quality certified Quality certified ENI EN ISO 9001–2000;TŰV Italy 25701/2003

Highly qualified Laboratory for Ministry of Highly qualified Laboratory for Ministry of Education, University and Research Education, University and Research

Authorized for research activity in fisheries and Authorized for research activity in fisheries and aquaculture from Ministry for Agricultural, Food aquaculture from Ministry for Agricultural, Food and Forest Resourcesand Forest Resources


Staff: 30 people, comprising mainly biologists, but Staff: 30 people, comprising mainly biologists, but also geologists, businnes consultants, lawers… also geologists, businnes consultants, lawers…

Fields of activity:Fields of activity:

Environmental conservationEnvironmental conservation

Management of Miramare Marine ReserveManagement of Miramare Marine Reserve

Environmental educationEnvironmental education

Scientific Monitoring of marine ecosystems Scientific Monitoring of marine ecosystems

Marine Biology StationMarine Biology Station

The Marine Biology Station Piran MBS was The Marine Biology Station Piran MBS was founded in 1969 as a Unit of the Institute of founded in 1969 as a Unit of the Institute of Biology, University of LjubljanaBiology, University of Ljubljana

Today is a Unit of the National Institute of Today is a Unit of the National Institute of Biology Ljubljana;Biology Ljubljana;

The MBS is currently the only research group The MBS is currently the only research group in Slovenia devoted entirely to marine in Slovenia devoted entirely to marine scientific research and professional workscientific research and professional work. .


Staff MBSStaff MBSStaff MBSStaff MBS

35 employed:35 employed: 16 researchers 16 researchers

(13 PhD)(13 PhD) 10 young 10 young

researchersresearchers 9 technicians & 9 technicians &

administratorsadministrators

Biologists, chemists, biochemists, pysics, Biologists, chemists, biochemists, pysics,

metereologists, geologists, …metereologists, geologists, …



Industrial Engineering DepartmentIndustrial Engineering Department

The University of Parma was founded in XI The University of Parma was founded in XI century: it is among the 4 most ancient in the century: it is among the 4 most ancient in the worldworld The Industrial Engineering Department wasThe Industrial Engineering Department was established in 1990, focusing on mechanical established in 1990, focusing on mechanical engineering and environmental impact of engineering and environmental impact of industryindustry Current staff includes 38 academics, 64 Current staff includes 38 academics, 64 postgraduate fellows, 11 postgraduate fellows, 11 technicians/administrativestechnicians/administratives

Yearly research funds range between 350.000 € Yearly research funds range between 350.000 € and 750.000 €, without accounting staff’s wages and 750.000 €, without accounting staff’s wages


Underwater Acoustics at UNIPR-IEDUnderwater Acoustics at UNIPR-IED

Multichannel hydrophone arrays for low-frequency Multichannel hydrophone arrays for low-frequency active SONAR and passive source localizationactive SONAR and passive source localization Use of innovative not-impulsive test signals for echo-Use of innovative not-impulsive test signals for echo- sounding with low environmental impact sounding with low environmental impact Patented three-dimensional underwater Ambisonics Patented three-dimensional underwater Ambisonics probe allows for vector analysis of pressure and probe allows for vector analysis of pressure and particle velocityparticle velocity Software for mapping noise propagation in coastal Software for mapping noise propagation in coastal areasareas


Morigenos – marine mammal research Morigenos – marine mammal research and conservation societyand conservation society

founded in 2001founded in 2001

independent, non-profit and non-governmental independent, non-profit and non-governmental organization, dedicated to the research and protection organization, dedicated to the research and protection of cetaceans and conservation of the marine of cetaceans and conservation of the marine environment.environment. Involved in several projects in the field of scientific Involved in several projects in the field of scientific research, education, public awareness and research, education, public awareness and conservationconservation

partner organization to ACCOBAMS (An Agreement on partner organization to ACCOBAMS (An Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic AreaMediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic Area

14 people, mainly biologists, but also veterinaries, 14 people, mainly biologists, but also veterinaries, students, volunteers with different backgroundsstudents, volunteers with different backgrounds

Slovenian Dolphin Project by MorigenosSlovenian Dolphin Project by Morigenos

Started in 2002Started in 2002

Long-term projectLong-term project

Ecology and conservation of bottlenose dolphinsEcology and conservation of bottlenose dolphins

Mediterranean population: proposed as “Vulnerable” by IUCN.Mediterranean population: proposed as “Vulnerable” by IUCN.

Only regular cetacean in the Gulf of Trieste and north AdriaticOnly regular cetacean in the Gulf of Trieste and north Adriatic

Distribution, abundance, social structure, population dynamics, Distribution, abundance, social structure, population dynamics, habitat use, behaviour, fishery interactions, strandingshabitat use, behaviour, fishery interactions, strandings


Sečovlje Salina Nature Sečovlje Salina Nature ParkPark


Protected areaProtected area Ramsar SiteRamsar Site Natura 2000 SiteNatura 2000 Site Conservation of wild Conservation of wild bbirds – EC Birdirds – EC Birdss Directive Directive Conservation of natural habitats and of wild Conservation of natural habitats and of wild

fauna and flora – EC Habitats Directivefauna and flora – EC Habitats Directive 51experts 51experts

Sečovlje Salina Nature Sečovlje Salina Nature ParkPark


Field of activityField of activity:

production of salt with traditional methodsproduction of salt with traditional methods from 2003 management of Natural Park from 2003 management of Natural Park and water managementand water managementEnvironmental monitoring and protectionEnvironmental monitoring and protection


Study sitesStudy sites

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EMISSION SOURCES EMISSION SOURCES INVENTORYINVENTORY

- ShippingShipping, boating, boating- Construction- Construction works works (coastal) (coastal)- Road traffic, urbanization* - Road traffic, urbanization* - A- Aiirportrport* Urbanization includes also * Urbanization includes also emissionsemissionsfromfrom recreational recreational sourcessources

CHARACTERSATION OF NOISE CHARACTERSATION OF NOISE EMISSIONSEMISSIONS

Underwater noise Underwater noise emissionsemissions

airborne noise airborne noise emissionsemissions

- Shipping, boating- Shipping, boating- Construction (coastal)- Construction (coastal)

- Shipping, boating- Shipping, boating- Construction (coastal)- Construction (coastal)- Road traffic, - Road traffic, urbanizationurbanization- A- Aiirportrport

STATE OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORINGSTATE OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

Underwater - background noiseUnderwater - background noise airborne - background noiseairborne - background noise

Underwater noise levels Underwater noise levels monitoringmonitoring

airborne noise levels monitoring airborne noise levels monitoring

IMPACTSIMPACTS

Marine faunaMarine fauna Intertidal fauna, Intertidal fauna, marine birds, turtlesmarine birds, turtles

Terrestrial fauna, Terrestrial fauna, human health human health

RESULTSRESULTS

UUNDERWATER NOISE NDERWATER NOISE MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

airborne NOISE MANAGEMENTairborne NOISE MANAGEMENT

Limit valuesLimit values Limit valuesLimit values

Sensitive areasSensitive areas Hot spot areasHot spot areas Sensitive areasSensitive areas Hot spot areasHot spot areas

Safety Safety distancesdistances





Noise monitoring: - 4 noise monitoring terminal - short time measurements on all locations

Airborne Noise mapping: - costal traffic - water traffic and activities - other noise events

AIRBORNE NOISE MONITORING AND MAPPINGAIRBORNE NOISE MONITORING AND MAPPING

Overview - Partners - Sites - Methods - Output 26

AIRBORNE NOISE MONITORINGAIRBORNE NOISE MONITORING

Mea

surin

g pa

rtD

ata

Man

agem

ent


Long term monitoring of Underwater noiseLong term monitoring of Underwater noise

5 sonobuoys in study areas5 sonobuoys in study areas

1 sonobuoy offshore location1 sonobuoy offshore location connecteded to VIDAconnecteded to VIDA

Vida:Vida:oceanographic buoyoceanographic buoyReception station at MBS Reception station at MBS

SoundfishSoundfish: innovative buoy to: innovative buoy torecord noise directionality andrecord noise directionality andparticle velocity particle velocity

Study of coastal fish assemblageStudy of coastal fish assemblage

•Vertical transectsVertical transects•Horizontal transectsHorizontal transects•All-occurence samplingAll-occurence sampling

Species richnessSpecies richness

AbundanceAbundance

Habitat typesHabitat types

Cryptobenthic Cryptobenthic and Endolitic and Endolitic speciesspecies

NNon-on-destructivedestructive visual visual census census methodsmethods


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Acoustic census and playback in the fieldAcoustic census and playback in the field


!!!!!!


Laboratory workLaboratory work

GROARR!GROARR?

1=video camera; 2=videorecorder; 3= recorder; 4= hydrophone; 1=video camera; 2=videorecorder; 3= recorder; 4= hydrophone; 5= loudspeaker; 6= Portable recorder5= loudspeaker; 6= Portable recorder

Boat based and land Boat based and land based surveysbased surveys

C-podC-pod

Photo-IDPhoto-ID

Behavioural samplingBehavioural sampling



Monitoring target speciesMonitoring target species

Plotting data on mapsPlotting data on maps

5036

5037

5038

5039

389 390 391 392

All Species

EX: EX: distribution distribution of breeding of breeding speciesspecies

Measuring biological diversityMeasuring biological diversity

We will be able to answer to question such We will be able to answer to question such as:as:how well are we doing?how well are we doing?Is human noise harming target species ?Is human noise harming target species ?what difference are we making?what difference are we making?


• Annoyance, • sleeping disturbance,• Interference with communications, schools, communities,• hearing damage.

• For domesticated species the issue is still damage to individual animals or impacts on production and profits.

• For wild animals high noise levels can interfere with chance of their survival and stability of species population.

• The abandonment of nests and resulting death of young birds are possible.

NOISE IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS AND HUMANS

CRITERIA FOR NOISE IMPACT ON HUMANS (Existing legislation - EU)

ASSESSMENT OF NOISE ON ANIMALS (No legislation exists - EU)

Outputs:Outputs:

Noise maps of the Northern Adriatic Noise maps of the Northern Adriatic coastlinecoastline

Handbooks with guidelines, informative Handbooks with guidelines, informative material material

Set animal-safe limit values for man made Set animal-safe limit values for man made noise noise

Develop mitigation measuresDevelop mitigation measures

Create a website accessible to the large Create a website accessible to the large publicpublic


In the framework of Prioritary AXIS 1 of the Italy-In the framework of Prioritary AXIS 1 of the Italy-Slovenia collaboration, this project will:Slovenia collaboration, this project will:

Protect the peculiar biodiversity of Northern Protect the peculiar biodiversity of Northern Adriatic Adriatic

Protect environment from noise pollution Protect environment from noise pollution and technological riskand technological risk

Estabilish a long term collaboration for the Estabilish a long term collaboration for the management of the coastal areamanagement of the coastal area

Develop strategies for conservation and Develop strategies for conservation and management of natural areas (protected or management of natural areas (protected or not) and Natura 2000 sites in the area, which not) and Natura 2000 sites in the area, which is one of the most preserved in Europeis one of the most preserved in Europe


36

MANNOISE MANagement of anthropogenic NOISE and its impacts on terrestrial and marine habitats in sensitive areas – proposal for a collaboration between.

Documents

unwanted noise

sites methods

underwater noise management

undewater noise pollution

terrestrial slide

slovenia slide

intense noise levels

output aim