Management of Marine Management of Marine Environment Environment ENVS ENVS 590 590 Instructor Instructor Dr. Assad A. Al Dr. Assad A. Al - - Thukair Thukair
Management of Marine Management of Marine EnvironmentEnvironment
ENVSENVS 590590
InstructorInstructorDr. Assad A. AlDr. Assad A. Al--ThukairThukair
Contingency PlanningContingency Planning
BackgroundBackgroundElements of Contingency PlanningElements of Contingency Planning
Information gathering Information gathering Strategy development Strategy development Operational planOperational plan
Marine Pollution ManagementMarine Pollution Management
Important Considerations for Marine Protection Important Considerations for Marine Protection should cover:should cover:
Environmental Impact Assessments Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA)(EIA) are are conducted and implemented for all conducted and implemented for all newnew and modified and modified marine projects.marine projects.Environmental Management Systems Environmental Management Systems (EMS)(EMS) are are developed and practiced for developed and practiced for operatingoperating marine facilities.marine facilities.Contingency PlansContingency Plans (Emergency Preparedness Plans) (Emergency Preparedness Plans) are available at marine facilities/activities for all credible are available at marine facilities/activities for all credible emergency scenarios. emergency scenarios.
Contingency Planning for marine Contingency Planning for marine emergenciesemergencies
Definition:Definition:
Contingency Plan (CPContingency Plan (CP):): is a response plan is a response plan specially developed for individual specially developed for individual emergencyemergencyscenario (e.g oil spill, fire, ..etc) which is scenario (e.g oil spill, fire, ..etc) which is envisionedenvisioned to occur at a particular facility/area. to occur at a particular facility/area.
The Need and BenefitsThe Need and Benefits•• The NeedThe Need–– LegislativeLegislative–– Organization policyOrganization policy
•• The BenefitsThe Benefits–– Expedites efficient & effective emergency Expedites efficient & effective emergency
response.response.–– Mitigates environmental damageMitigates environmental damage–– Insures confidence in managing risksInsures confidence in managing risks–– Assists with good media relations and imageAssists with good media relations and image
Main Elements of Contingency Main Elements of Contingency PlanningPlanning
Information gatheringInformation gatheringDetailed processes examining risk and Detailed processes examining risk and sensitivities.sensitivities.
Strategy developmentStrategy developmentProcesses utilizing gathered information to Processes utilizing gathered information to
establish priorities for protection and strategy establish priorities for protection and strategy choices.choices.
Operational planOperational planA response tool facilitating efficient and effectiveA response tool facilitating efficient and effectiveuse of resourcesuse of resources..
Risk Assessment of oil spillRisk Assessment of oil spill•• Spill Source and volumeSpill Source and volume
•• Oil propertiesOil properties
•• Oil MovementOil Movement–– Tides / currentsTides / currents–– Wind Wind –– Seasonal variationsSeasonal variations–– Sea conditionsSea conditions
•• Fate of oil Fate of oil –– Oil type & characteristicsOil type & characteristics–– Environmental conditionsEnvironmental conditions
•• Historic dataHistoric data–– Spill sizeSpill size–– FrequencyFrequency
Environment at RiskEnvironment at Risk
•• Ecologically sensitive habitats & speciesEcologically sensitive habitats & species
•• Industrial sea water intakesIndustrial sea water intakes
•• Fisheries and aquacultureFisheries and aquaculture
•• Amenity areasAmenity areas
•• Coastal sensitivity maps very usefulCoastal sensitivity maps very useful
Priorities for ProtectionPriorities for Protection
••Inability to protect all resourcesInability to protect all resources
••Who has responsibility to allocate Who has responsibility to allocate priorities?priorities?
••Take account of:Take account of:––Degree of sensitivity Degree of sensitivity ––Ability to protect Ability to protect ––Seasonal variationsSeasonal variations
GCC Marine PrioritiesGCC Marine Priorities
•• Desalination & cooling inlets.Desalination & cooling inlets.•• Marine protected areas (MPAMarine protected areas (MPA’’s) s)
and sanctuariesand sanctuaries•• Aquacultures and fisheries Aquacultures and fisheries •• Amenity beachesAmenity beaches
Tiered Response DefinitionsTiered Response Definitions
Tier 1: Small local spills that may occur at or Tier 1: Small local spills that may occur at or near the facility, in which could be controlled near the facility, in which could be controlled using facility resources. using facility resources. Tier 2: Medium spill that may be local or at Tier 2: Medium spill that may be local or at some distance from the facility, in which outside some distance from the facility, in which outside resources are needed to control it. resources are needed to control it. Tier 3: Large spill which exceed national Tier 3: Large spill which exceed national boundaries and require national and boundaries and require national and international resources to control it. international resources to control it.
Spill scenariosSpill scenarios
Various credible scenarios should be considerVarious credible scenarios should be considerExamples:Examples:
Offshore pipeline leakage Offshore pipeline leakage Loading/discharging at marine facilityLoading/discharging at marine facilityOil tankers collisions and groundings Oil tankers collisions and groundings Offshore wells incidents Offshore wells incidents Fires and explosionsFires and explosionsHull failuresHull failures
NEBANEBA
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis :Net Environmental Benefit Analysis : Process Process for balancing sociofor balancing socio--economic benefits and economic benefits and ecological consequences of applying a particular ecological consequences of applying a particular strategy or techniques. strategy or techniques. NEBA provides decision makers proper NEBA provides decision makers proper response options to minimize ecological response options to minimize ecological damage. damage.
Strategy OptionsStrategy Options
•• Plan typePlan type
–– general or specificgeneral or specific–– level of detaillevel of detail•• ResourcesResources
–– manpowermanpower–– equipmentsequipments•• Techniques Techniques
Operation PlanOperation Plan
OrganizationOrganizationResponsibilitiesResponsibilitiesCommunicationCommunicationResources Resources Waste planWaste planReview Review Update Update
CommunicationCommunicationReporting Reporting
Initial notification, interim progress, and terminationInitial notification, interim progress, and terminationAssessmentAssessment
Assess the situation with timeAssess the situation with timeAssess from over flightAssess from over flight
MobilizationMobilizationMobilization of equipments, personnel and other response Mobilization of equipments, personnel and other response resourcesresources
DocumentationDocumentationRecording all steps during and after emergency including; Recording all steps during and after emergency including; spill situations, actions taken, and resources utilization. spill situations, actions taken, and resources utilization. Generate reports Generate reports
ResourcesResourcesProper equipments Proper equipments
Booms Booms Skimmers Skimmers AbsorbentsAbsorbentsDispersantsDispersants
Trained staffTrained staffResponse organization staffResponse organization staffSupport and contracting staffSupport and contracting staffVarious authorities (coast grad, port authorities and Various authorities (coast grad, port authorities and government agencies)government agencies)
Waste PlanWaste Plan
Plan that cover suitable Plan that cover suitable options for :options for :
StorageStorageTransportTransportReprocessing or treatmentReprocessing or treatmentFinal disposal Final disposal
Review & UpdateReview & Update
Plan should be reviewed periodicallyPlan should be reviewed periodicallyPlan should be updatedPlan should be updated
after exercisesafter exercisesfollowing oil spillsfollowing oil spillsperiodically to keep contacts currentperiodically to keep contacts current
Contingency planningContingency planning•• Has there been a realistic assessment of the possible threat, anHas there been a realistic assessment of the possible threat, and d
of the resources most at risk.of the resources most at risk.•• Have protection priorities been agreed including available Have protection priorities been agreed including available
techniques.techniques.•• Have the cleanHave the clean--up and protection strategies been agreed and up and protection strategies been agreed and
explained.explained.•• Have the roles and responsibilities of the team been clearly Have the roles and responsibilities of the team been clearly
statedstated•• Are the available resources sufficient and has back up been Are the available resources sufficient and has back up been
identified identified •• Has the waste management issue been clearly identifiedHas the waste management issue been clearly identified•• Are the initial alerting and evaluation procedures clearAre the initial alerting and evaluation procedures clear•• Has the communication system been identified.Has the communication system been identified.•• Have all aspects of the plan been testedHave all aspects of the plan been tested•• Is the plan compatible with plans for adjacent areaIs the plan compatible with plans for adjacent area’’s and s and
activitiesactivities