Georgian Lecture 9 (2) by Manana Kock Kobaidze
FILM : A STUDENTS RESPONSE https://www.you
tube.com/watch?v=XRZYhrWcSUM
TEXT: see also
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6aqkVf-mn2nTW5qNTRya0RyYU0/view?usp=sharing
(Mananas original PDF document, though what follows may in places
be clearer for being a bit reorganized for to reconsider is to
re-position; on the long journey of perceiving an ancient, hidden
tongue.
1.The v-set and m-set markers in direct verbs is me m-xat'av-s
He is painting me
We have already learned that v-set markers indicate a subject
person (an acting person) in the verbs expressing an action or a
state; e.g.:
me v-xat'av mas - I am painting him chven v-dga-var-t - We are
standing
The m-set markers indicate object persons in verbs expressing an
action or a state; e.g.:
me m-xat'av-s is - He is painting me is me mc'ers - He is
writing to meis me mxedavs - He sees me
is melap'arak'aba - He is talking to me
The m-set and v-set markers exchange their functions in verbs
expressing emotions or possession. An experiencer or possessor
subject is marked by the dative case and m-set markers.
Direct verb, an acting subject
Inversive verb,an experiencer subject
Levani ashenebs saxls
Levan is building a house
Levans uq'vars Tina
Levan loves Tina
me vasheneb saxlsI am building a house
me miq'vars Tina I love Tina
1
2.
The v-set and m-set markers in inversive verbs me is m-axsov-s I
remember him
In verbs expressing emotions or possession the v-set markers
usually indicate logical, semantic objects (the one to whom the
emotions are directed):
me v-uq'var-var mas [I am loved to him] He loves me
The m-set markers indicate the experiencer or possessor subject:
me m-iq'var-s Levani [To me is loved Levan]
I love him
Tina-s u-q'var-s is [To Tina is loved Levan] Tina loves him
The one who is in love (Tina) is marked like an object (the
dative case and the m-set markers), but it still has semantics of a
subject.
The one who is loved (Levan) is marked like a subject. It is in
the nominative case and it is marked with the suffix -s on the verb
(uq'var-s Levani), but is still has the semantics of an object.
This phenomenon is called inversion and it often occurs in verb
class IV. It is attested even verb class II. It can seldom occur
even in verb classes I and III.
In direct verbs, the prefix v- marks the subject:
I build it for him/her), whereas in inversive verbs the prefix
v-marks the semantic object - He loves me).
An experiencer subject is marked by the m-set markers:me
m-ik'virs I am surprised about itme m-ixaria I am glad about it me
m-t'k'iva I have a pain me m-axsovs I remember it me m-c'q'ins I am
annoyed about it
shen g-ik'virs You are surprised about it __ shen g-ixaria You
are glad about it shen g-t'k'iva You have a pain __ shen g-axsovs
You remember shen g-c'q'ins You are annoyed about it.
mas u-k'virs He is surprised about it mas u-xaria He is glad
about it mas s-t'k'iva He has a pain mas axsovs He remembers it mas
s-c'q'ins He is annoyed about it.
3.
In a direct verb:theobjects and their m-set markers are marked
in yellow, while the subjects and their v-set markers are marked in
blue (see page 5) First, here are the endings:
The m-set markers indicate an object in direct verbs
Singular
Plural
1.
m-
gv-
2.
g-
gv- t
3.
- s (h)
- s (h)
NB again: In a direct verb: the objects and theirm-setmarkers
are marked in yellow, while the subjects and theirv-setmarkers are
marked in blue:cf above :
Here are the m-set markers in some inversive verbs, notably me
minda, I want
On page 7 are all three charts side by side, or at least one
above the other.Meanwhile, here is Borjomime minda shen ginda mas
unda chven gvinda tkven gindat mat undat
Here are the remainder of the sentences in the Lecture: