MAKALAH JENIS OBAT TERLARANG.docx

1. HEROIN

How it’s used

Heroin is an opiate with strong sedative (‘downer’) and painkilling effects.

It comes in powder form which varies in colour from brown to white. You can

inject it, sniff it or smoke it on foil or in a tobacco-based joint.

Heroin is an opiate processed directly from the extracts of the opium

poppy. It was originally created to help cure people of addiction to morphine.

Upon crossing the blood-brain barrier, which occurs soon after introduction of

the drug into the bloodstream, heroin is converted into morphine, which mimics

the action of endorphins, creating a sense of well-being; the characteristic

euphoria has been described as an “orgasm” centered in the gut. One of the

most common methods of heroin use is via intravenous injection.

Short-term effects

Effects can start quickly and last for several hours. This depends on how

much of the drug you use and how you take it

Makes you feel warm and relaxed with a hazy feeling of security

Pinpoint pupils

Pain relief

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You can have nausea and vomiting the first time you use it

Dramatic mood swings

Your breathing and heart rate slow down

Constipation

Higher doses cause drowsiness – ‘goofing off’

Injecting heroin causes more intense feelings

Long-term effects

You build tolerance, so you need to take more to get the same buzz

Chronic constipation

Irregular periods in women

High doses can cause you to feel drowsy all the time, fall into a coma or

die from breathing failure

If you smoke heroin you risk lung and heart disease

You may stop eating properly and not look after yourself

Other dangers

Unplanned pregnancy due to irregular periods

Your risk of overdose is a particularly high if you stop using heroin for a

while and then start using again as your tolerance goes down

Heroin is more dangerous when you use it with other depressant drugs

such as an alcohol, tranquillisers, benzos or other opiates, such as

methadone

Damage to veins if you inject it

You risk HIV and hepatitis if you share needles

You risk choking on vomit as your cough reflex is suppressed

If you are pregnant

If you use heroin while pregnant, you risk miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth,

low birth weight or cot death. Your baby may go through heroin withdrawal and

need treatment after birth. You should stop using heroin gradually over a few

days under medical supervision. If you stop too quickly you could lose your baby.

Addictive

Heroin is highly addictive, both physically and psychologically, so your body

craves it and you feel you can’t cope without it. If you use it regularly for 2 to 3

weeks you will build tolerance so you need to keep taking more to get the same

buzz.

Withdrawal

You may start to experience withdrawal after several weeks on high, frequent

doses of heroin. Withdrawals start 8-12 hours after your last use and include

aches, shakes, sweating, chills, sneezing and yawning and muscle spasms. These

fade after about a week and are not life threatening.

How long does it stay in your system?

A urine test will detect heroin for 3-8 days. (The length of time depends on the

test used, the amount you take, if you have other medical conditions and your

own metabolism. Please use this figure as a guide only)

What help is available?

Self-help support such as Narcotics Anonymous

Counselling or psychotherapy

Complementary therapies, such as acupuncture

Help from your doctor to reduce, withdraw, detox or keep off heroin

Residential treatment programmes (clinics)

Aftercare

One to one or group family support

Contact the Drugs Helpline 1800 459 459 to find out about options in

your area

2. COCAINE

Category: Stimulants

Also called: snow, C, charlie, coke, rock, dust, white.

How it’s used

Cocaine is a strong but short acting stimulant drug (‘upper’) which comes

in a white powder. You can divide it into lines and snort up the nose with a rolled

up bank note or straw. You can also smoke it or make into a solution to inject.

Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves

of the coca plant. It is both a stimulant of the central nervous system and an

appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has been described as a euphoric sense

of happiness and increased energy. It is most often used recreationally for this

effect. Cocaine is a potent central nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last

from 20 minutes to several hours, depending upon the dosage of cocaine taken,

purity, and method of administration. The initial signs of stimulation are

hyperactivity, restlessness, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate and

euphoria. The euphoria is sometimes followed by feelings of discomfort and

depression and a craving to experience the drug again. Sexual interest and

pleasure can be amplified. Side effects can include twitching, paranoia, and

impotence, which usually increases with frequent usage.

The cocaine arrived and we agreed to use it at a time that translated to

three and a half hours after I arrived. It cost $60 for what I was told was an

eighth of a gram. This seemed rather expensive, but I was assured that it was

‘high quality product.’ I took the line up my left nostril. After about ninety

seconds, I felt my heartbeat increase. It was definitely kicking in. I began to worry

a bit, as I could feel my heart pounding and my pulse increasing. I finally felt as if

it had reached a plateau.

Short-term effects

Effects of cocaine start quickly but only last for up to 30 minutes

You may feel more alert, energetic, exhilarated and confident

Your heart and pulse rate speed up suddenly

Hyperactivity, dilated pupils, dry mouth, sweating and loss of appetite

Higher doses can make you feel very anxious and panicky

Increased sex drive

Long-term effects

Tightness in chest, insomnia, exhaustion and unable to relax

Dry mouth, sweating, mood swings and loss of appetite

You may become aggressive or even violent

You may feel depressed and run down

Damage to nose tissue

Digestive disorders, dehydration and anorexia

Kidney damage

If you use it often you may lose your sex drive

Injecting may cause abscesses

Smoking may cause breathing problems

Anxiety, paranoia and hallucinations, if you use a lot

Restlessness, nausea, hyperactivity, insomnia and weight loss

Other dangers

Overdose can cause epileptic fit, stroke, breathing problems and heart

attack

Damage to veins if you inject

Risk of HIV and hepatitis if you share needles

When you mix cocaine with alcohol, they combine to produce

cocaethylene, which increases the risks of damage to the heart or heart

attack

Extremely dangerous if you inject it with heroin, known as a ‘speedball’

Increased sex drive can lead to unsafe sex, with the risk of unwanted

pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or HIV

Debt – cocaine is an expensive habit and you may find yourself borrowing

money to buy it

If you are pregnant

If you are pregnant, stop using cocaine now. Cocaine causes high blood pressure

so you increase your risk of miscarriage, premature birth or placental abruption

(afterbirth coming away from the womb). It can reduce the oxygen your baby

gets through the placenta. Your baby may be smaller at birth, have birth

abnormalities and a higher risk of cot death.

Addictive

Cocaine is very psychologically addictive so you find it hard to live without it.

Your tolerance increases over time so you have to keep taking more to get the

same buzz.

Withdrawal

You may feel tired, panicky, exhausted and unable to sleep, which can cause you

extreme emotional and physical distress. This distress can lead to symptoms such

as diarrhoea, vomiting, the shakes, insomnia and sweating. You may have long-

term effects such as anorexia and depression. Once you stop using stopped, you

will have an intense craving for more.


Cocaine shows up in a urine test for 2-4 days. (The length of time depends on the



The Law

What help is available?Self-help support such as Narcotics Anonymous



Support from your doctor to withdraw or keep off coke


Aftercare



your area

3. METHAMPHETAMINE

HallucinogensStimulants

Also called: crystal meth, ice, glass, tina, christal, cristy, yaba, chalk, crank,

zip, meth.

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Methamphetamime, popularly shortened to meth or ice, is a psycho

stimulant and sympathomimetic drug. Methamphetamine enters the brain and

triggers a cascading release of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. Since it

stimulates the mesolimbic reward pathway, causing euphoria and excitement, it

is prone to abuse and addiction. Users may become obsessed or perform

repetitive tasks such as cleaning, hand-washing, or assembling and disassembling

objects. Withdrawal is characterized by excessive sleeping, eating and

depression-like symptoms, often accompanied by anxiety and drug-craving.

How it’s used

Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant (‘upper’), similar to

speed. It is white, odourless and bitter tasting and comes as rocks, crystals or

tablets, which you can dissolve in water or alcohol. You can smoke, inject, snort

or swallow it.

Short-term effects

Effects can last from 4 to 12 hours, depending on how you take it

You may have an intense rush

Even small amounts make you feel euphoric, aroused, awake, more active

Loss of appetite and rapid breathing

You may have nausea, panic attacks, compulsive repetitive behaviour and

jaw clenching

Long-term effects

Tooth decay or ‘meth mouth’

Can cause paranoia, hallucinations and psychosis – when you lose contact

with reality

You can become violent and aggressive

Other dangers

Overdose can cause lung, kidney and stomach disorders, stroke, coma

and death


Increased sex drive can lead to unsafe sex, with the risk of unplanned

pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease (STDs) and HIV

Damage to nerve tissue (neurotoxicity) leading to concentration and

memory problems

If you are pregnant

Do not use if you are pregnant as we don’t know enough about the risks to your

baby.

Addictive

You can become psychologically and physically addicted, so your body craves it

and you feel you can’t cope without it. You can build tolerance so you need to

take more to get the same buzz.

Withdrawal

Withdrawals include depression, anxiety and craving for the drug.


Meth will show up in a urine test for 2-3 days. (The length of time depends on

the test used, the amount you take, if you have other medical conditions and

your own metabolism. Please use this figure as a guide only)



Counselling


Support from your doctor


Aftercare



your area

4. CRACK COCAINE

Also known as: Freebase, Base, Rocks, Stones, Wash, Pebbles, Gravel.

How it's used

Crack cocaine is a smokeable form of cocaine which is made by

chemically altering cocaine powder to form crystals or rocks (about the size of a

raisin). It is called crack because it makes a crackling sound when it is being

burnt. Crack is usually smoked in a pipe, glass tube, plastic bottle or in foil. It can

also be injected.

Crack cocaine, often nicknamed “crack”, is believed to have been created

and made popular during the early 1980s . Because of the dangers for

manufacturers of using ether to produce pure freebase cocaine, producers began

to omit the step of removing the freebase precipitate from the ammonia

mixture. Typically, filtration processes are also omitted. Baking soda is now most

often used as a base rather than ammonia for reasons of lowered odor and

toxicity; however, any weak base can be used to make crack cocaine. When

commonly “cooked” the ratio is 1:1 to 2:3 parts cocaine/bicarbonate.

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Short-term effects

Crack is also a short acting stimulant drug but the effects are much

stronger than cocaine

Creates an immediate intense euphoria which peaks after about 2

minutes and lasts for around 10 minutes

The “high” feeling can induce hallucinations, huge mood swings and

paranoia

Aggression and violence

Users report feeling alert, energetic and confident

Dry mouth, loss of appetite, sweating, increased heart and pulse rate

Once the high has worn off (after about 20 minutes), it is followed by a

long low crash which can be associated with strong cravings to take more

Long-term effects

Increased anxiety, nervousness and psychotic behaviour

Chronic coughing, cracked wheezy breathing and partial loss of voice

Breathing problems and damage to lungs

Difficulty sleeping

Weight loss

Debt

Other dangers

Risk of overdosing increases if mixed with heroin, barbiturates or alcohol

High doses can raise the body’s temperature, cause convulsions and

respiratory arrest.

Problems with anxiety, paranoia and panic attacks.

Loss of sexual desire, heart problems

Damage to veins if injecting

Risk of HIV and Hepatitis transmission if injecting equipment is shared

Increased libido can lead to risky sexual behaviours.

If you are pregnant

Crack cocaine use during pregnancy can induce miscarriage, premature labour,

smaller babies and congenital abnormalities. Babies born to mothers who are

crack users during pregnancy will show withdrawal syndrome following birth.

Addictive

Crack can quickly become both physically and psychologically additive. Tolerance

increases over time and so users have to keep increasing their dose to get the

same effect.

Withdrawal

Tiredness and depression


2-4 days(The length a substance is detectable depends on the test used, the

levels consumed, if there are existing medical conditions and the persons own

metabolism. This figure should therefore be used as a guide only)


• Self help support such as Narcotics Anonymous

• Counselling/ Psychotherapy

• Complimentary therapies, e.g. acupuncture

• Residential treatment programmes

• Aftercare

• One to one or group family support

• Contact the Drugs Helpline 1800 459 459 to find out about options in your area

5. LSD

Also called: lysergic acid diethylamide, acid, blotter, cheer, dots, flash,

hawk, L, lightening flash, liquid acid, lucy, micro dot, trips, tabs.

How it’s used

LSD is a hallucinogenic drug. It comes from ergot, a fungus found growing

wild on rye and other grasses. It comes as a piece of paper with pictures on it,

which you suck or swallow.

Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, LSD-25, or acid, is a semisynthetic

psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family. Arguably the most regarded of all

psychedelics, it is considered mainly as a recreational drug, an entheogen, and a

tool in use to supplement various types of exercises for transcendence including

in meditation, psychonautics, and illegal psychedelic psychotherapy whether self

administered or not. LSD’s psychological effects (colloquially called a “trip”) vary

greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous

experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose strength. They also

vary from one trip to another, and even as time passes during a single trip. An

LSD trip can have long term psychoemotional effects; some users cite the LSD

experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life

perspective. Widely different effects emerge based on what Leary called set and

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setting; the “set” being the general mindset of the user, and the “setting” being

the physical and social environment in which the drug’s effects are experienced.

Short-term effects Effects start 30 minutes after you take it and can last up to 20 hours

Effects depend on how much you take and how you are feeling when you

take them, so may be good or bad

You may have visual effects, distortion of sound, changes in sense of time

and place. This is called a ‘trip’.

Long-term effects

Paranoia, phobia and ideation (thinking about suicide)

If you have underlying mental health problems, LSD can trigger them

You can get flashbacks for 2-3 years after your trip

Other dangers

LSD affects your judgement so you may make unsafe choices, such as

driving while under the influence

Hallucinations may make you delusional, such as believing you can fly,

which can cause accidents or falls

If you are pregnant


baby.

Addictive

LSD is not addictive, but you can build tolerance so you need to take more to get

the same effect.

Withdrawal

No withdrawal symptoms


LSD will show up in a urine test for 2-3 days. (The length of time depends on the









Aftercare



your area.

6. ECSTASY

Ecstasy Category: HallucinogensSedativesStimulants

Also called: E, disco biscuits, hug drug, mitsubishi, rolex, dolphins, XTC, yokes,

love doves, MDMA, brownies, M and Ms, sweeties, tulips, X.

How it’s used

Ecstasy is a stimulant drug (‘upper’) that also produces mild hallucinogenic

effects. Ecstasy tablets come in a variety of colours and shapes and often have a

logo or design.

Short-term effects

Effects can start after 20 to 60 minutes and last for several hours

Your pupils dilate and your jaw tightens

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You may have nausea, sweating, loss of appetite, dry mouth and throat

You can have epileptic fits and paranoia for the first time

Your body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate go up

You may feel intense emotions and love for people around you

Anxiety, panic attacks and confusion

Long-term effects

Weight loss

Loss of interest in work

You may get flashbacks

Sleep problems, lack of energy and dietary problems

Bouts of depression, personality change and memory loss

Other dangers

Danger of collapse, vomiting and burst blood vessels

Anxiety, psychosis, panic attacks, hallucinations, insomnia and paranoia

Liver, kidney and heart problems

Women may get more frequent urinary tract infections

Heart failure

The ‘loved up’ feeling can lead to unsafe sex, with the risk of unwanted

pregnancy, sexually transmitted disease (STDs) and HIV

Heatstroke, dehydration

Drinking too much fluid too fast can be dangerous – best to sip 1 pint of

water per hour

Death by overdose is rare

If you are pregnant

Do not use ecstasy if you are pregnant as we don’t know enough about the risks

to your baby.

Addictive

You won’t become physically addicted to ecstasy but there is a risk of

psychological addiction, when you feel you can’t enjoy yourself without it. You

may build tolerance to it so you have to keep taking more to get the same buzz.

Withdrawal

If you use regularly, you may feel tired and depressed when you withdraw from

ecstasy.


Ecstasy shows up in urine tests for 3-8 days. (The length of time depends on the







Your doctor


Aftercare



your area

7. OPIUM

Opium is a resinous narcotic formed from the latex released by

lacerating (or “scoring”) the immature seed pods of opium poppies (Papaver

somniferum). It contains up to 16% morphine, an opiate alkaloid, which is most

frequently processed chemically to produce heroin for the illegal drug trade.

Opium has gradually been superseded by a variety of purified, semi-synthetic,

and synthetic opioids with progressively stronger effect, and by other general

anesthesia. This process began in 1817, when Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner

reported the isolation of pure morphine from opium after at least thirteen years

of research and a nearly disastrous trial on himself and three boys.

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Methadone Category: Opioids

Also called: meth, juice, phy.

How it’s used

Methadone is a green or blue liquid which you drink. It can only be prescribed by

certain GPs. Methadone can help you to reduce your cravings if you are addicted

to heroin. It is an opiate, from the same family as heroin and morphine.

Short-term effects

Drowsiness, sleep

Slower, shallower breathing

Reduces cough reflex

Reduces pain

Dry eyes nose and mouth

Your blood pressure goes down

Long-term effects

Long-term constipation

Small pinpoint pupils

Sweating, itching

Pain in your bones

Teeth problems, so it’s important to brush your teeth

Other dangers

Your risk of overdose goes up if you take a break and then start using

again as your tolerance will be lower

You are more likely to overdose if you drink alcohol and use benzos while

on methadone

Methadone is poisonous to people who do not use it regularly so it is

important to keep it out of reach of children or others in your home who

may drink it by accident

If you are pregnant

If you are addicted to heroin, your doctor can prescribe methadone to stabilise

you before your baby is born. Your baby may go through withdrawal symptoms

after birth. Only use methadone under medical supervision and only during your

middle trimester (3-6 months of pregnancy).

Addictive

Methadone is physically and psychologically addictive, so your body craves it and

you feel you can’t cope without it. You can build tolerance so you need to take

more to get the same effect.

Withdrawal

You will start withdrawal within 72 hours of your last dose. Withdrawal is less

severe if reduce your dose gradually rather than stop suddenly. Opiate

withdrawal symptoms include aches, tremor, diarrhoea, sweating and chills,

sneezing, yawning and muscular spasms. You may have sleep problems, cravings

and mood swings for weeks.


Methadone shows up in a urine test for 2-3 days. (The length of time depends on


your own metabolism. Please use this figure as a guide only).




Support from your doctor to reduce, stabilise or withdraw from

methadone



Aftercare



your area

Codeine phosphate Category: Opioids

Also called: Solpadeine, Nurofen Plus, Feminax, Migraleve, Panadeine, Syndol,

Tylex. Although sometimes called DF118s, DFs, Difene these do not contain

codeine. Difene is a totally different drug. DFs contain dihydrocodeine which is

related to codeine but is a different drug.

How it’s used

Codeine is a painkiller which you can get in tablet, capsule or liquid form.

Codeine is in many medicines which you can buy over the counter or be

prescribed by your doctor for pain. It is an opiate drug, from the same family as

morphine and heroin.

Short-term effects

Pain relief

You may feel warm, relaxed and detached

You may feel confused and light headed

Dry mouth, itchiness and pinpoint pupils

Your body temperature and heart rate go down

You may feel drowsy and sick

Larger doses can slow your breathing and lower blood pressure

Long-term effects

Constipation

Liver damage if drug also contains paracetamol, such as Solpadeine

Breathing problems

Irregular periods for women

Other dangers

Your risk of overdose goes up if you mix codeine with other drugs, such as

other painkillers or alcohol

If you are pregnant

It can be dangerous for your baby if you withdraw from codeine when pregnant.

It is better to reduce your dose very slowly. Codeine may cause your baby to be

born small and have withdrawal symptoms after birth.

Addictive

Codeine is both physically and psychologically addictive, so your body craves it

and you find it hard to cope without it. Your tolerance increases over time so you

have to keep taking more to get the same buzz.

Withdrawal

Withdrawal is less severe if you reduce the dose first. If you stop using suddenly,

you will get opiate withdrawal symptoms such as aches, tremor, diarrhoea,

sweating and chills, sneezing, yawning and muscular spasms. These symptoms

start within 8 to 24 hours after your last dose, peak around the third day and

fade after 5 to 10 days. You may have sleep problems, cravings and mood swings

for weeks.


Codeine will show up in a urine testfor2-10 days depending on the dose and how

well your liver functions. (The length of time depends on the test used, the

amount you take, if you have other medical conditions and your own

metabolism. Please use this figure as a guide only)





Support from your doctor to reduce withdraw, detox or keep off codeine


Aftercare



your area

8. Cannabis Category: HallucinogensSedatives

Also called: hash, hashish, blow, pot, ganja, marijuana, grass, joint, THC,

bhang, black, blast, blunts, Bob Hope, bush, dope, draw, hemp, herb, puff,

northern lights, resin, sensi, shit, smoke, soap, spliff, wacky backy, weed, zero,

afgan, moroccan.

How it’s used

You can smoke it with tobacco in a joint, inhale through a pipe or bong or make

into a tea or food.

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Herbal cannabis (grass or weed) is common and is generally made from the dried

leaves and flowering parts of the female plant and looks like tightly packed dried

herbs. Skunk is a general term given to stronger forms of cannabis that contain

more THC, cannabis’s active ingredient, than resin or more traditional herbal

cannabis. Resin/hash is a black/brown lump made from the resin of the plant.

Short-term effects

You may feel sedated, chilled out and happy

Some people feel sick

You may get ‘the munchies’ or feel hungry

Your pulse rate speeds up and blood pressure goes down

Bloodshot eyes, dry mouth

Tiredness

Long-term effects

May damage your lungs and lead to breathing problems

Has been linked with mental health problems, such as depression and

schizophrenia

May lower sperm count and suppresses ovulation so you may have

problems getting pregnant

Regular use may affect your memory, mood, motivation and ability to

learn

May cause anxiety and paranoia

May affect your coordination and reactions so you are more at risk of

accidents, especially if you also drink alcohol

Other dangers

As with tobacco, smoking hash may cause cancer

Cannabis psychosis – when you disconnect from reality and start showing

symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations even when you are not

using drugs

If you are pregnant

If you smoke cannabis with tobacco while you are pregnant the risk to your baby

is the same as smoking – smaller birth weight, higher risk of premature (early)

birth, higher risk of miscarriage, your baby may get less oxygen through the

placenta. After the birth, your baby is at more risk of cot death and early health

problems, such as asthma.

Addictive

You can get psychologically addicted to cannabis, in this case, you might find it

hard to cope without it. If you smoke it with tobacco you may get physically

addicted to tobacco (see Tobacco ).

Withdrawal

Anxiety, irritability

Urge or cravings to smoke

Sleep problems, restlessness

Loss of appetite


Cannabis will show up in a urine test for 2-28 days (The length of time depends

on the test used, the amount you take, if you have other medical conditions and

your own metabolism. Please use this figure as a guide only.)






Aftercare



your area

9. AMPHETAMINE CATEGORY: STIMULANTS

Also called: speed, amphetamine sulphate, uppers, phet, billy, whiz,

sulph, base, dexedrine, dexamphetamine.

How it’s used

Amphetamine is a stimulant (‘upper’). It can be a powder or tablet which you

sniff, swallow or inject. Speed is an off-white or pinkish powder and can

sometimes look like crystals. Base speed is purer and is a pinkish grey colour and

feels like putty. You can dab speed onto your gums or sniff in lines like cocaine

using a rolled up bank note. You can also roll it up in a cigarette paper and

swallow. This is called a ‘speedbomb’. You can mix it in drinks or inject it. You can

smoke methamphetamine in its ‘crystal’ form. It starts to affect you within 20

minutes and lasts for 4-6 hours.

Short-term effects

You feel exhilarated, with more energy and confidence

You don’t need much sleep or food

Your pupils look wider and your face paler

Your breathing and heart rate increase and blood pressure rises

Dry mouth, diarrhoea, need to urinate more often

Higher doses also cause flushing, sweating, headaches, teeth grinding,

jaw clenching and racing heart

You may be talkative and aggressive

Can sometimes cause amphetamine psychosis, when you lose contact

with reality

Long-term effects

Tolerance – you need to take more to get the same buzz

Anxiety, depression, irritability and aggression

Powerful cravings

You may become violent

Mood swings

Mental health problems such as psychosis, paranoia, delusions and

hallucinations

Weight loss

Scratching or itchy skin

Sniffing speed can damage the inside lining of your nose

Injecting speed can cause vein damage and sharing needles puts you at

risk of HIV and hepatitis

Other dangers

Risk of overdose

Heart failure

Very dangerous if you combine it with anti-depressants or alcohol

Risk of HIV and hepatitis if you share snorting or injecting gear

May trigger underlying mental health problems

Increased sex drive can lead to unsafe sex, with the risk of unwanted

pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or HIV

If you are pregnant

Do not take if you are pregnant as we don’t know what the risks are to your

baby.

Addictive

You can become addicted to speed physically and psychologically, so your body

craves it and you find it hard to cope with life without it.

Withdrawal

You may have anxiety and panic attacks after withdrawal from speed. You may

feel you have no energy for weeks afterwards.


Speed will show up in a urine test for 1-2 days. (The length of time depends on


your own metabolism. Please use this figure as a guide only).




Complementary therapies such as acupuncture


Residential treatment programmes

Aftercare



your area

10. Ketamine Category: HallucinogensSedatives

(also called: special K, K, vitamin K)

How it’s used

Ketamine is an anaesthetic. You can get it as a white powder to snort, a liquid to

inject or a tablet to swallow.

Short-term effects

Depending on how you take it, the effects generally start within a few

minutes and last 1-3 hours

You can have an ‘out of body’ experience

You may have hallucinations, numbness and muscle spasms

You may also feel sick or vomit

Long-term effects

If you use ketamine regularly, you may get ‘flashbacks’

Loss of appetite and weight loss

Ketamine is linked to many mental health problems including panic

attacks, insomnia, delusions and suicide

Can cause depression, memory problems and psychotic episodes

Other dangers

If inject it, ketamine may damage your veins and lead to abscesses and

thrombosis


If you are pregnant


baby

Addictive

You have a fairly high risk of becoming psychologically addicted, so you find it

hard to cope without it.

Withdrawal

No known physical withdrawal symptoms





Medical support if necessary


Aftercare



your area.

MAKALAH JENIS OBAT TERLARANG.docx

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