Makalah Analisis

ANALISIS JURNAL

Effect of Family Empowerment Model on Quality of Life in Children

with Chronic Kidney Diseases

Oleh :

Ricky Riyanzah 130100428

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN ALMA ATA

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

YOGYAKARTA

2014

Kata Pengantar

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat

serta hidayahNya kepada penulis, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan makalah

analisis jurnal tentang Effect of family empowerment model on quality of life in

children with chronic kidney diseases Block Urogenital system.

Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam menyusun makalah ini pasti masih banyak

kesalahan ataupun kekeliruan. Untuk itu demi sempurnanya makalah ini, penulis

membuka kritik dan juga saran.

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb

Yogyakarta, 16 April 2015

Penulis

Daftar isi

Halaman Judul ................................................................................................. i

Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................. ii

Daftar Isi .......................................................................................................... iii

Analisa Jurnal .................................................................................................. 1

Lampiran Jurnal ............................................................................................... 10

ANALISIS JURNAL

No. Komponen yang di

analisis

Hasil analisis Komentar

1. Alasan pengambilan judul Ingin mengetahui pengaruh model

pemberdayaan keluarga pada kualitas

hidup pada anak-anak dengan penyakit

ginjal kronis.

Alasan pengambilan judul sudah

sesuai dan menarik untuk ditiliti

2.

Judul:

a. Singkat

Effect of family empowerment model

on quality of life in children with

chronic kidney diseases.

Menurut Setiadi (2007) tidak boleh

lebih dari 20 kata karena untuk

menimbulkan kerancuan. Pada

jurnal ini sudah sesuai.

b. Mengambarkan

masalah dan variable

yang diteliti

Judul sudah menggambarkan masalah

variable yang akan diteliti dan sudah

meliputi apa dan siapa subyek

penelitian.

Judul yang diambil sudah cukup

jelas dan dan menarik untuk di

analisis.

c. Tempat dan waktu

penelitian

Tidak menyebutkan tempat dan waktu

penelitian.

Sebaiknya mencantumkan tempat

dan waktu penelitian agar lebih

jelas.

3. Penulis (Peneliti) dan

Alamat

Nama-nama peneliti :

1. Zohreh Ghazavi

Alamat : Department of Pediatric

Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and

Midwifery, Isfahan University of

Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2. Marzieh Sadat Minooei

Alamat : Student Research Center,

Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery,

Isfahan University of Medical

sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3. Zahra Abdeyazdan

Alamat : Nursing and Midwifery

Care Research Center, Faculty of

Penulisan nama peneliti sudah

sesuai urutan dimulai dengan

peneliti utama dan pendamping.

Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan

University of Medical sciences,

Isfahan, Iran

4. Alaleh Gheissari

Alamat : Isfahan Kidney Research

Center, School of Medicine,

Isfahan University of Medical

sciences, Isfahan, Iran

4. Abstrak:

a. Tujuan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk

mengetahui dampak dari model

pemberdayaan keluarga pada kualitas

hidup pada anak-anak dengan penyakit

ginjal kronis.

Tujuan dari jurnal sudah ada dan

jelas.

b. Desain penelitian Tidak menyebutkan desain penelitian

yang digunakan.

Desain penelitian seharusnya

disebutkan untuk mengetahui

desain yang digunakan.

c. Tempat penelitian Tempat penelitian tidak disebutkan. Sebaiknya menyertakan tempat

penelitian agar lebih jelas.

d. Waktu penelitian Waktu penelitian tidak disebutkan. Waktu penelitian seharusnya di

sebutkan.

e. Populasi penelitian 64 anak-anak dengan penyakit ginjal

kronis dan keluarga mereka.

Populasi penelitian sudah ada.

f. Teknik pengambilan

data

Pengambilan data pada jurnal ini

menggunakan kuesioner.

Sudah dicantumkan teknik

pengmbilan data.

g. Hasil penelitian Menunjukkan perbedaan yang

signifikan dalam kualitas hidup

sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada

kelompok studi.

Hasil penelitian jurnal sudah ada

dan jelas.

h. Kesimpulan Temuan menunjukkan bahwa model

pemberdayaan keluarga adalah efektif

dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup

anak-anak dengan penyakit ginjal

kronis.

Sudah dicantumkan kesimpulan

dalam abstrak, untuk mengetahui isi

jurnal dengan cepat.

i. Jumlah kata 233 kata. Sesuai dengan ketentuan yaitu

antara 150-250 kata.

j. Kata kunci Terdapat 3 kata kunci. Tidak lebih dari 5 kata penting.

5. Pendahuluan Penyakit kronis merupakan penyakit

jangka waktu yang panjang, biasanya

lebih dari 6 bulan, dan sering sampai

akhir pasien hidup.(Berman A. 2007).

Statistik yang ada menunjukkan bahwa

jumlah pasien dengan penyakit ginjal

kronis berkembang, sehingga 1,5 juta

pasien dari semua pasien dengan

penyakit kronis memiliki penyakit

ginjal. Oleh karena itu, program

pemberdayaan yang diperlukan untuk

meningkatkan kualitas hidup mereka.

Penulis mencantumkan beberapa

referensi pada pendahuluan sebagai

dasar atau acuan untuk mengadakan

penelitian.

6. Metode penelitian Jenis penelitian

Penelitian deskriptif-analitik.

Tempat dan waktu penelitian

Tempat dan waktu penelitian tidak

disebutkan.

Populasi dan sampel penelitian

64 anak-anak dengan penyakit

ginjal kronis dan keluarga mereka.

Kriteria sampel penelitian

Anak-anak usia 8-12 tahun, tidak

ada riwayat transplantasi ginjal dan

stadium akhir penyakit ginjal.

Metode analisa data

Model pemberdayaan keluarga

berisi empat langkah :

1. Peningkatan pengetahuan.

2. Peningkatan self-efficacy.

3. Peningkatan harga diri melalui

Pada metode penelitian ini kurang

mencantumkan tempat dan waktu

penelitian dalam jurnal.

partisipasi pendidikan.

4. Evaluasi proses.

Kemuadian data dianalisis dengan

statistik deskriptif dan analitik.

7. Teknik pengumpulan data Teknik pengumpulan data

menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi

oleh orang tua dan anak.

Cara pengumpulan data sudah

tepat.

8. Instrument penelitian Menggunakan demografi karakteristik

kuesioner dan angket Core Ped QoL,

version 4.

Instrumen penelitian sudah ada dan

baik digunakan dalam penelitian

ini.

9. Hasil dan bahasan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa

nilai rata-rata (deviasi standar) dari

kualitas hidup secara fisik, dimensi

psikososial,dan total skor QOL adalah

81,1 (14), 80,2 (13,8), dan 80,5 (12,3),

masing-masing, sebelum intervensi

dan 87,3 (9,4) , 86,5 (7,6) dan 86,8

(7,4), masing-masing, setelah

intervensi. Paduan t-test menunjukkan

perbedaan yang signifikan sebelum

dan sesudah intervensi. Independen t-

test menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan

yang signifikan dalam skor total rata-

rata kualitas hidup sebelum intervensi

pada kedua kelompok, tetapi

perbedaan itu signifikan setelah

intervensi. Teimori et al. (2011), dalam

sebuah studi untuk menentukan efek

yang berpusat pada keluarga

pemberdayaan pada kualitas hidup

anak-anak dengan asma, menunjukkan

perbedaan yang signifikan dalam skor

total anak-anak dari kualitas hidup

sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada

Dalam jurnal ini menunjukkan hasil

yang jelas serta dalam

pembahasanya mencantumkan dan

membandingkan dari sumber atau

penelitian sebelumnya, sehingga

hasil lebih baik.

kelompok studi dan kontrol.

10. Simpulan dan saran Kesimpulan

Sebagai hasilnya menunjukkan,

pemberian model pemberdayaan

keluarga dapat meningkatkan kualitas

hidup anak-anak usia 8-12 tahun

dengan penyakit ginjal kronis.

Saran

Dengan demikian, kami menyarankan

model ini akan digunakan dalam

perawatan kesehatan rawat inap dan

rawat jalan anak-anak.

Jurnal ini telah memberi

kesimpulan dan saran, namun

terlalu singkat.

11. Kaidah penulisan Kaidah penulisan penelitian jurnal ini

dimulai dari judul, abstrak,

pendahuluan, metode penelitian, hasil

penelitian, pembahasan, kesimpulan

dan menyertakan referensi.

Kaidah penulisan sudah sesuai

dengan ketentuan-ketentuan pada

umumnya.

12. Referensi Urutan pengutipan :

Jurnal ini telah menguraikan kutipan

secara berurutan. Namun penempatan

tidak alfabeth.

Nama dan Judul :

Nama pengarang dan judul

dicantumkan pada referensi.

Tahun dan Halaman :

Jurnal ini telah menuliskan referensi

dengan tahun terbit dan halaman nya.

Dalam jurnal ini mencantumkan

banyak referensi sehingga dapat

memperkuat penelitian.

13. Implikasi keperawatan Perawat dapat menerapkan peran

sebagai edukator. Dan perlunya

keterlibatan keluarga pasien dalam

kualitas hidup pasien.

Penting bagi perawat untuk

menerapkan dalam asuhan

keperawatan.

14. Kesimpulan jurnal Perawat mengedukasi keluarga dalam

perawatan kesehatan rawat inap

Diharapkan metode ini dapat

diterapkan dengan baik oleh

maupun rawat jalan, agar kualitas

hidup anak lebih baik sehingga dapat

mengatasi penyakit ginjal kronis pada

anak.

perawat.

15. Rekomendasi Disarankan untuk melakukan studi

lebih lanjut di kelompok usia lainnya

dan penyakit kronis lainnya.

Dalam upaya meng-update ilmu

pengetahuan, maka penelitian ini

dapat dilanjutkan.

371 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research | July-August 2014 | Vol. 19 | Issue 4

Effect of family empowerment model on quality of life in children with chronic kidney diseases

Zohreh Ghazavi1, Marzieh Sadat Minooei2, Zahra Abdeyazdan3, Alaleh Gheissari4

AbstrActBackground: Quality of life is a concept, which in recent years is considered as a measure for health in chronic diseases such as kidney diseases. Complications of chronic diseases can affect the quality of life in children and their families over time. Therefore, empowerment programs are necessary to improve their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the family empowerment model on the quality of life in children with chronic kidney diseases.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 64 children with chronic kidney diseases and their families. The research tools included the questionnaire of demographic characteristics and the quality of life questionnaire 4th edition. After data collection in the first phase, the family empowerment model was implemented in the intervention group and the test was repeated after 1 month. For comparison of data between the two groups and within each group, independent t-test and paired t-test were used, respectively.Results: Independent ttest showed that the mean score of quality of life was not significantly different in the two groups before intervention. However, after intervention, the differences were significant. Paired ttest showed a significant difference in the quality of life before and after intervention in the study group.Conclusions: The findings showed that family empowerment model was effective in increasing the quality of life of children with chronic kidney diseases. Thus, we suggest this model to be used in inpatient and outpatient childrens health care.

Key words: Chronic kidney disease, family empowerment, quality of life

1Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 2Student Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 3Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran, 4Isfahan Kidney Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Address for correspondenc: Dr. Zahra Abdeyazdan, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Email: [email protected]

chronic renal diseases is growing, such that 1.5 million patients out of all patients with chronic diseases have renal diseases.[4] The total population of patients with chronic renal diseases has been reported to be 16,000, and is predicted to grow by twofold by the end of year 2012.[5] There is no available statistics about children with chronic renal diseases in Iran. Chronic renal diseases, as a threatening condition for patients health and socioeconomic status, as well as their families and society,[3] can also change the childrens and families quality of life (QOL).[6] Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) statement, QOL includes individuals perceptions from their life situation with regard to their culture, value system, goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.[7] Therefore, the point important in treatment of a chronic disease like renal disease is promotion of patients QOL, in addition to control of disease signs. Health and treatment team members can affect patients QOL through investigation of individuals health and its provision. They can also determine the negative impact of the disease on individuals QOL through measurement of QOL.[8] One of the ways to improve QOL in children with chronic diseases is empowerment of the families. Family empowerment includes the interaction of health professionals with the families, so that it causes a sense of control of families life and leads to achievement to positive changes in the

Original Article

IntroductIon

Chronic diseases refer to the diseases which exist for a long period, usually more than 6 months, and often to the end of patients life.[1] Therefore, these diseases are expected to affect patients interactions with the physical and social environment they live in.[2] Chronic diseases include a vast range of heart diseases, respiratory diseases, asthma, and renal diseases. Among them, renal diseases, which lead to gradual dysfunction of kidneys for more than 3 months, are one of the major causes for mortality and morbidity in the world.[3]

Existing statistics show that the number of patients with

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Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research | July-August 2014 | Vol. 19 | Issue 4 372

direction of power, ability, and enhancement of skillsin families.[9]

Family empowerment is so important. The nature of renal diseases disturbs the unit of the family and leaves serious complications since children with renal diseases receive a major part of their treatment at home and study in usual schools. Unfortunately, despite there being numerous researches conducted concerning familycentered cares and family empowerment, these cares are not basically administered based on parentsnurses reciprocal interactions.[10]

In Iran, familycentered care and family empowerment do not seem to be administered, since what is done is just oneside decision, made and conducted by nurses and physicians.

The goal of nursing interventions in family empowerment is to improve the ability of family members so that they can come over the existing obstacles in health context. Chronic renal diseases disturb the unit of family and leave serious complications.

So, family empowerment can diminish hospitalization costs and number, improve physical and mental function, and reduce disease signs and school absenteeism of children with renal diseases. Researcher observations and experiences in various pediatric wards confirm that what these childrens parents receive is unstructured and disorganized information given to them by the physicians and nurses at the time of discharge, which is often forgotten due to lack of repetition and the use of medical terms in this education after discharge. These families should live their life in peace and physical and mental health from the time their children chronic disease is diagnosed, and have the ability of decisionmaking and determination of priorities for their own needs as well as their childrens. The parents skills should be confirmed by nurses, although the families are deprived of this right. Therefore, the researcher decided to investigate the effect of family empowerment on QOL of the children with chronic renal diseases, in order to suggest appropriate strategies for the promotion of their QOL.

MAterIAls And Methods

This was a quasiexperimental twogroup twostep study conducted on 64 children with chronic renal diseases and their families in two groups of study and control after obtaining their parents written consent. Inclusion criteria were age 812 years, no history of kidney transplantation and endstage renal diseases, childrens and their families interest to attend the study, ability of reading and writing

in at least one of the parents, ability to understand Persian, children not affected withany other chronic diseases, parents not working as members of health and treatment team, lack of mental and psychological problems, and ability to fill the questionnaire. The exclusion criteria were patients interest to stop cooperating in the study, events such as parents divorce, parents or brothers or sisters death, and change of address during the study. The offices of childrens renal diseases subspecialists were selected as the research environment. Data collection tools were the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the questionnaire of Core Ped QoL, version 4. This questionnaire includes 23 questions of which 8 are on physical function and 15 are on psychosocial function (5 on emotional function, 5 on social function, and 5 on school function). Persian version of core Ped QoL was confirmed by Masaeli (2009) with Cronbachs alpha of 0.89.[11] The questionnaire was filled by the child and his/her parents, and if needed, by one of the researchers in two stages of before and 1 month after the last family empowerment session in the study and control groups in identical time points. Researcher, with agreement of the subjects, held needs assessment sessions of the study group in a building near one of the offices of childrens renal diseases subspecialists, and after detection of resources, limitations, needs, and weak points of the children and their parents, designed the content of empowerment program. Then, family empowerment model was held based on its steps and stages in six 45min sessions, according to childrens needs and tolerance. Three group discussion sessions were held for the parents too. Control group received no intervention. Family empowerment model contains four steps that are discussed below.

First step (knowledge increase)The level of knowledge was improved in educational sessions through use of educational assistive materials such as Power Point, model, poster, group discussion methods, question and answer, lecture, and presentation. The subjects were assigned to 35 member groups based on their disease and received educational contents in a total of six 45min sessions (four sessions of theory and two sessions of practical presentation) as follows.

In the first session physiology and anatomy of kidney, the children introduced themselves, and then, the general and behavioral goals, the evaluation method, and the duties of the subjects in educational sessions were explained by the researcher.

In the second session, the researcher explained the cause, signs, complications, and prognosis. In the third session, nutrition and laboratory tests and their normal values were explained. In the fourth session, medication was discussed

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373 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research | July-August 2014 | Vol. 19 | Issue 4

with the children. For instance, the researcher explained the effect on nutrition on the disease. Then, the participants started discussing about it, based on their experiences, and the researcher conducted the session. Length of each session, based on childrens desire, was decided to be 45 min. At the end of each session, the given materials were finalized and the questions were answered, and finally, the data and goal of the next session were determined. In each session, two questions were asked to the children in relation with the subjects of former sessions to evaluate the level of their learning.

Second step (improvement of self-efficacy)To increase selfefficacy, two educational sessions were held by the practical presentation method. It was such that after explanation of each skill of weight and BP measurement, the skill was practically presented and taught to the children as follows:1. Firstly, the researcher explained to the children about

the related skill and its importance, the complications that arise due to lack of its control, and normal values of these measurements

2. The researcher presented the ultimate procedure of the skill in front of the children

3. Then, she divided the skill into more detailed components(for instance, concerning weight measurement, voiding before weight measurement, weight control after getting up in the morning, wearing identical clothes, tuning the scales gage, standing on the scales with no vertical pressure, and holding nothing during measurement)

4. The children were asked to do the task5. The children were given a chance to get skillful by

practice and repetition of the skill to be able to do it6. The children were asked to obtain selfefficacy in other

components of the skill through practice and repetition to be able to do it without researchers attendance

7. Finally, the children got completely selfefficient in the skill8. Childrens learning and the feeling of learning, as

well as the ability of measurement and the feeling of capability resulted in their encouragement and increased selfesteem.

Third step (increase of self-esteem through educational participation)At this stage, the children were asked to participate in their parents education concerning recognition of chronic diseaserelated issues and encourage their parents to help them. They transferred all they had learned in each group discussion session as well as all through observation in selfefficacy sessions to their parents. At this stage, the educational card of each session was given to the children and they were asked to pass the card to their parents to study. Parents wrote down their questions in this regard on a piece of paper after studying the card, concerning what

they had learned from their children. If the parents were not interested in writing down the materials, they orally expressed their questions and their children wrote them down to be delivered to the researcher or to be discussed in the next session. In cases where the parents did not get selfefficient through their childrens education and by studying the educational card, they were invited to discuss the disease trend, nutrition, physical activity, medication, and disease complications with the researcher during three 45min educational sessions. Two weeks after holding the last session, phone calls were made to the subjects by the researcher to followup the skills and to be assured about application of the presented materials. In case of any further questions, researchers phone number was given to the subjects for clarification.

Fourth step (process evaluation)In empowermentrelated sessions, an evaluation was made.

In order to evaluate the knowledge at the beginning of each session, two oral questions were asked to the children from the previous sessions. Selfefficacy evaluation was conducted by asking the children to represent two related skills correctly and their selfconfidence and cooperation in education was evaluated in the form of returning the educational card related to their parents notes.

Final evaluationOne month after the last empowerment session held in the study group, core Ped QoL inventory was given to the study and control groups. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (Chisquare, paired ttest, independent ttest) through SPSS.

results

In the present study, frequency distribution of the childrens education, location of residence, fathers education, mothers education, fathers occupation, and mothers occupation were identical [Table 1]. Subjects mean ages were 9.8 years and 10 years in the study and control groups, respectively. The mean lengths of disease were 5 years and 4.4 years and the mean ages of disease diagnosis were 5 years and 5.4 years in the study and control groups, respectively. Results showed no significant difference in the mean scores of QOL in the physical (P = 0.78) and psychosocial (P = 0.71) dimensions and the total score of QOL (P = 0.71) before intervention, but this difference was significant after intervention in physical (P = 0.02) and psychosocial (P = 0.01) dimensions and the total score of QOL (P = 0.007) in the study and control groups [Table 2]. There was also a significant difference in the mean scores of QOL in physical (P = 0.02) and

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Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research | July-August 2014 | Vol. 19 | Issue 4 374

psychosocial (P = 0.03) dimensions and the total QOL score (P = 0.02) after intervention, but this difference was not significant in the control group in physical (P = 0.81) and psychosocial (P = 0.81) dimensions and the total score of QOL (P = 0.79) [Table 2]. Results showed that the mean scores (standard deviation) of QOL in physical, psychosocial dimensions, and the total score of QOL were 81.1 (14), 80.2 (13.8), and 80.5 (12.3), respectively, before intervention and 87.3 (9.4), 86.5 (7.6) and 86.8 (7.4),

respectively, after intervention. Paired ttest showed a significant difference before and after intervention. This difference was not significant in the control group.

dIscussIon

Independent ttest showed no significant difference in the mean total scores of QOL before intervention in the two groups, but the difference was significant after intervention. Teimori et al. (2011), in a study to define the effect of familycentered empowerment on QOL of the children with asthma, showed a significant difference in the childrens total scores of QOL before and after intervention in the study and control groups.[12]

Allahyari et al., in a study on the effect of family empowerment model based on the of schoolage children with thalassemia, showed a significant difference in the total scores of childrens general QOL before and after intervention in the study and control groups,[13] which is consistent with our findings. Independent ttest showed no significant difference in QOL in the physical dimension means scores between the two groups before intervention, but the difference was significant after intervention. Yao et al. (2011) showed no significant difference in the QOL in children with vesicoureteral reflux in physical dimension compared to healthy children (P = 0.9999).[14] Buyan et al. (2009), in a study on QOL in children with a chronic kidney disease, showed no significant difference in QOL in the physical dimension between the study and control groups.[15] Marciano et al. showed that QOL score in the physical dimension was significantly lower in children with chronic renal diseases compared to healthy children.[16] Our obtained results are not in line with the results of previous studies. One of the reasons for the significant difference in the QOL score in physical dimension is that in our study, two identical groups of patients were compared, and on the other hand, it was

Table 1: Demographic characteristics of the subjects in the study and control groups

P(%) No.VariableControlStudy

Sex

P=0.44(65.2) 21(56.2) 18Female

(34.4) 11(43.8) 14Male

Residential location

P=0.39(71.9) 23(65.6) 21City

(28.1) 9 (34.4) 11Village

Educational level of the child

P=0.96(12.5) 4(25) 8Second

(25) 8(15.6) 5Third

(25) 8(9.4) 3Fourth

(21.9) 7(31.2) 10Fifth

(15.6) 5(18.8) 6Others

Mothers occupation

P=0.56(83.9) 26(78.1) 25Home maker

(16.1) 5(21.9) 7Employee

Fathers occupation

P=0.33(35.5) 11(40.6) 13Employee

(12.9) 4(28.1) 9Worker

(41.9) 13(25) 8Self-employed

(9.7) 3(6.2) 2Others

Mothers education

P=0.38(9.4) 3(9.4) 3Primary

(25) 8(15.6) 5Secondary

(40.6) 13(40.6) 13Diploma

(3.1) 1 (6.2) 2Associate degree

(18.8) 6(21.9) 7BS

(3.1) 1(6.2) 2>BS

Fathers education

P=0.2(6.2) 2(3.1) 1Illiterate

(15.6) 5(9.4) 3Primary

(25) 8(21.9) 7Secondary

(28.1) 9(25) 8Diploma

0(3.1) 1Associate degree

(15.6) 5(25) 8BS

(9.4) 3(12.5) 4>BS

Table 2: Mean and SD of childrens QOL dimensions scores before and after intervention in the study and control groupsQOL dimensions (SD) Mean Independent

t testStudy Controlt P

Before

Physical 81.1 (14) 80 (15.9) 0.29 P=0.78

Psychosocial 80.2 (13.8) (17.3) 78.8 0.37 P=0.71

Total (13.8) 80.2 (16) 79.2 0.37 P=0.71

After

Physical function 87.3 (9.4) 79.4 (15.3) 2.5 P=0.02

Psychosocial function 86.5 (7.6) 78.3 (16.2) 2.6 P=0.01

Total 86/8 (7.4) 78.7 (14.7) 2.8 P=0.007

QOL: Quality of life, SD: Standard deviation

Ghazavi, et al.: Family empowerment and quality of life

375 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research | July-August 2014 | Vol. 19 | Issue 4

an interventional study, whereas Yao et al. and Buyan et al. compared the QOL of healthy and diseased children in a descriptive study. In the present study, independent ttest showed no significant difference in the QOL mean scores in psychosocial dimension before intervention in the study and control groups, but the difference was significant after intervention. Mary Banacg et al. (2010), in a study on family empowerment in stress management and childrens autism diagnosis acceptance, showed a significant difference in the empowerment of supportive systems after intervention[17] (P > 0.000). Marciano et al. (2011), in their study on behavioral disorders and low QOL in children and adolescents with chronic kidney diseases, showed that the QOL score in psychosocial dimension in these children was significantly lower, compared to that of healthy children[16] (P = 0.0001). Graves and Shelton, in a study on the effect of family empowerment on improvement of behavioral disorders in children, showed that these disorders were significantly different before and after intervention,[18] which is consistent with the abovementioned studies. Paired ttest results presented in Table 2 show a significant difference in the QOL scores in physical and psychosocial dimensions and the total score of QOL in the study group before and after intervention, but the difference in the control group was not significant.

conclusIon

As the results showed, administration of family empowerment model can increase the QOL of children of age 812 years with chronic renal diseases. It is suggested to conduct further study in other age groups and for other chronic diseases.

AcknowledgMents

The researchers of this study want to thank the Research Center of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, collaborators, and diabetic participants for their cooperation.

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How to site: Ghazavi Z, Minooei MS, Abdeyazdan Z, Gheissari A. Effect of family empowerment model on quality of life in children with chronic kidney diseases Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research 2014;19:3715.

Source of Support: Grant No. 391138, Conflict of Interest: Nil.