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Maintaining The Cold ChainFor Perishables
Maintaining The Cold ChainFor Perishables
Adel KaderAdel Kader
UCDavisUCDavis
HarvestHarvest
CoolingCooling
Protect the product from the sun
Transport quickly to the packinghouse
Protect the product from the sun
Transport quickly to the packinghouse
Minimize delays before cooling
Cool the product thoroughly as soon as
possible
Minimize delays before cooling
Cool the product thoroughly as soon as
possible
Keep the product at optimum
temperature
Ship to market as soon as possible
Keep the product at optimum
temperature
Ship to market as soon as possible
TemporaryStorage
TemporaryStorage
Maintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishablesMaintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishables
Shading to Protect Produce from the SunShading to Protect Produce from the Sun
HarvestHarvest
CoolingCooling
Protect the product from the sun
Transport quickly to the packinghouse
Protect the product from the sun
Transport quickly to the packinghouse
Minimize delays before cooling
Cool the product thoroughly as soon as
possible
Minimize delays before cooling
Cool the product thoroughly as soon as
possible
Keep the product at optimum
temperature
Ship to market as soon as possible
Keep the product at optimum
temperature
Ship to market as soon as possible
TemporaryStorage
TemporaryStorage
Maintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishablesMaintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishables
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Forced Air Cooling of CantaloupesForced Air Cooling of Cantaloupes
Forced Air Cooling of FlowersForced Air Cooling of Flowers
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HydrocoolingHydrocooling
HydrocoolingHydrocooling Ice CoolingIce Cooling
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InIn--package Icingpackage IcingVacuum CoolingVacuum Cooling
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HarvestHarvest
CoolingCooling
Protect the product from the sun
Transport quickly to the packinghouse
Protect the product from the sun
Transport quickly to the packinghouse
Minimize delays before cooling
Cool the product thoroughly as soon as
possible
Minimize delays before cooling
Cool the product thoroughly as soon as
possible
Keep the product at optimum
temperature
Ship to market as soon as possible
Keep the product at optimum
temperature
Ship to market as soon as possible
TemporaryStorage
TemporaryStorage
Maintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishablesMaintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishables
Cold Storage FacilitiesCold Storage FacilitiesEvaporative Cooling Storage FacilitiesEvaporative Cooling Storage Facilities
Sweet PotatoStorage Bins
Use refrigerated loading area
Cool truck before loading
Load pallets towards the center ofthe truck
Avoid delays during transport
Monitor product temperature during
transport
Use refrigerated loading area
Cool truck before loading
Load pallets towards the center ofthe truck
Avoid delays during transport
Monitor product temperature during
transport
Transportto Market
Transportto Market
Maintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishablesMaintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishables
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Marine Transport ContainerMarine Transport Container
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Rail TransportRail Transport
Handlingat destination
Handlingat destination
Handlingat
home orfoodservice
Handlingat
home orfoodservice
Use a refrigerated unloading area
Measure product temperature
Move product quickly to the proper
storage area
Transport to retail markets or
foodservice operations in
refrigerated trucks
Display at proper temperature range
Use a refrigerated unloading area
Measure product temperature
Move product quickly to the proper
storage area
Transport to retail markets or
foodservice operations in
refrigerated trucks
Display at proper temperature range
Keep product at proper temperature
Use the product as soon as possible
Keep product at proper temperature
Use the product as soon as possible
Maintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishablesMaintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishables
Handling At DestinationHandling At Destination
WholesaleWholesale marketsDistribution centers
RetailRetail marketsRoadside standsFarmers marketsPick-your-own operations
WholesaleWholesale marketsDistribution centers
RetailRetail marketsRoadside standsFarmers marketsPick-your-own operations
Wholesale MarketWholesale Market
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Distribution CenterDistribution Center
RoadsideStand
RoadsideStand
Keys to Successful HandlingKeys to Successful Handling
1. Inspect produce when received
2. Separate produce according to quality
3. Trim, remove damaged produce
4. Rotate on a first-in, first-out basis
5. Eliminate produce with serious defects
6. Sell as soon as possible
1. Inspect produce when received
2. Separate produce according to quality
3. Trim, remove damaged produce
4. Rotate on a first-in, first-out basis
5. Eliminate produce with serious defects
6. Sell as soon as possible
A. Quality assuranceA. Quality assurance
Keys to Successful HandlingKeys to Successful Handling
1. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight
2. Use cold storage rooms for short-term
and overnight holding
3. Maintain adequate ventilation
4. Use refrigerated display cases
5. Sprinkle tolerant commodities with water
1. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight
2. Use cold storage rooms for short-term
and overnight holding
3. Maintain adequate ventilation
4. Use refrigerated display cases
5. Sprinkle tolerant commodities with water
B. Temperature-relative humidity managementB. Temperature-relative humidity management
Keys to Successful HandlingKeys to Successful Handling
1. Handle produce with care
2. Avoid drops, impacts, and bruising
3. Do not stack containers very high
4. Use single or double layer display for soft
fruits
5. Display on padded surfaces
1. Handle produce with care
2. Avoid drops, impacts, and bruising3. Do not stack containers very high
4. Use single or double layer display for soft
fruits
5. Display on padded surfaces
C. Careful handlingC. Careful handling
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Keys to Successful HandlingKeys to Successful Handling
1. Wash produce and remove excess
moisture if needed
2. Sort out and properly discard decayed
produce
3. Clean storage and display facilities
periodically
1. Wash produce and remove excess
moisture if needed
2. Sort out and properly discard decayed
produce
3. Clean storage and display facilities
periodically
D. Sanitation proceduresD. Sanitation procedures
Retail Display PreparationRetail Display Preparation
1. Make a plan: contrast colors and group related
items
2. Build a pyramid shape
3. Highlight highly-perishable produce
4. Do not pile produce too high
5. Bulk displays must be accessible to buyers
6. Maintain adequate lighting and cleanliness
1. Make a plan: contrast colors and group related
items
2. Build a pyramid shape
3. Highlight highly-perishable produce
4. Do not pile produce too high
5. Bulk displays must be accessible to buyers
6. Maintain adequate lighting and cleanliness
Retail DisplaysRetail Displays Retail DisplaysRetail Displays
Display Cases with Vertical Air Flow for Fresh-cut ProductsDisplay Cases with Vertical Air Flow for Fresh-cut Products
Retail Display MaintenanceRetail Display Maintenance
1. Check displays regularly
2. Keep displays replenished
3. Rotate produce when replenishing
4. Remove poor-quality produce
5. Sprinkle with water when useful
6. Check display case temperature
7. Protect potatoes from direct light
8. Transfer produce to cold rooms for
overnight storage
1. Check displays regularly
2. Keep displays replenished
3. Rotate produce when replenishing
4. Remove poor-quality produce
5. Sprinkle with water when useful
6. Check display case temperature
7. Protect potatoes from direct light
8. Transfer produce to cold rooms for
overnight storage
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Commodities Which Tolerate
Sprinkling With Water
Commodities Which TolerateSprinkling With Water
1. Cool-season root vegetables without tops
2. Leafy vegetables
3. Cruciferous vegetables
4. Some immature-fruit vegetables (green
beans, green peas, summer squash,
sweet corn)
1. Cool-season root vegetables without tops
2. Leafy vegetables
3. Cruciferous vegetables
4. Some immature-fruit vegetables (green
beans, green peas, summer squash,
sweet corn)
Commodities Which TolerateDisplay on Ice
Commodities Which TolerateDisplay on Ice
Asparagus (vertical)
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
Carrots (topped)
Cauliflower
Celery
Asparagus (vertical)
Broccoli
Brussels sprouts
Carrots (topped)
Cauliflower
Celery
Endive
Green onions
Lettuce
Parsley
Spinach
Sweet corn
Endive
Green onions
Lettuce
Parsley
Spinach
Sweet corn
Handlingat destination
Handlingat destination
Handling athome or
foodserviceoutlet
Handling athome or
foodserviceoutlet
Use a refrigerated unloading area
Measure product temperature
Move product quickly to the proper
storage area
Transport to retail markets or
foodservice operations in
refrigerated trucks
Display at proper temperature range
Use a refrigerated unloading area
Measure product temperature
Move product quickly to the proper
storage area
Transport to retail markets or
foodservice operations in
refrigerated trucks
Display at proper temperature range
Keep product at proper temperature
Use the product as soon as possible
Keep product at proper temperature
Use the product as soon as possible
Maintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishablesMaintaining The Cold Chain ForPerishables