i DECLARATION We, UWIBAMBE Clarisse and UMUGWANEZA Laetitia, declare that the content of this project is our original work intended to serve as part of the fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering and Information Technology. We hereby confirm that to the best of our knowledge, this work is original and has never been presented or submitted for any academic award in any university or institution as a whole or in part. Submitted by Signature UWIBAMBE Clarisse GS20031686 UMUGWANEZA Laetitia PS20031678
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i
DECLARATION
We, UWIBAMBE Clarisse and UMUGWANEZA Laetitia, declare that the
content of this project is our original work intended to serve as part of the fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering
and Information Technology.
We hereby confirm that to the best of our knowledge, this work is original and has
never been presented or submitted for any academic award in any university or
institution as a whole or in part.
Submitted by Signature
UWIBAMBE Clarisse GS20031686
UMUGWANEZA Laetitia PS20031678
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KIGALI INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET DE TECHNOLOGIE DE KIGALI
Avenue de l'Armée, B.P. 3900 Kigali, Rwanda.
FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
C E R T I F I C A T E This is to certify that the Project Work entitled “3D Animation
Walkthrough for Construction Application” is a record of the original
bonafide work done by UMUGWANEZA Laetitia (REG. NO
PS20031678) and UWIBAMBE Clarisse (REG.No:20031686) in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of
Science Degree in Computer Engineering and Information Technology
of Kigali Institute of Science and Technology, during the Academic Year
2007.
SUPERVISOR Head Dept. Of CE & IT ………………………… .…………………………… Mr.K.VIJAYAKUMAR Mrs. SANTHI KUMARAN Submitted for the Project Examination held at KIST on ………………/……/…………...
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DEDICATION
We dedicate this work to the Almighty God for his divine guidance, mercy and
love for us.
We also dedicate it to our parents, family and friends who took care of us since
we started our academic pursuit to the present day.
Finally, we dedicate it to all our classmates for the part they have played in our lives
during these four long and exciting years.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to acknowledge and give thanks in a special way to the Lord our God,
from whom all knowledge, wisdom and understanding rightly comes, for all that He
has so graciously allowed us to achieve.
We would also like to thank our supervisor, Mr. K.VijayaKumar for his guidance
and support during the entire course of this project.
To everyone who contributed to this project in terms of ideas, technical knowledge
and support, especially Mr. Sylvain , Rwigema’s family, Ms Kangabe Maggy and
Mukagakwaya Agnes, we would like to extend our deepest and most heartfelt
gratitude.
Finally, to all our family and friends, there are no profound words to express our
gratitude for the love and support that you have given us since what seems like
forever. It is therefore for lack of a better word that we only say thank you.
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to prove the necessity of 3D animation
walkthroughs for construction application. It is in this context that the
basic concepts of designing and the process of walkthrough are
discussed. Furthermore, this research involves the implementation of
designing a building. The interview was used for recording of the
result. It is from these results that conclusions are drawn and the
appropriate recommendations made.
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TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION ...................................................................................................... i
C E R T I F I C A T E ................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENT ......................................................................................... vi THE ABBREVIATION ........................................................................................ viii
CHAPTER1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Purpose of the study ........................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 General purpose .......................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Specific purposes ........................................................................................ 1
1.3. Problem statement ............................................................................................. 2 1.4 Significance of the project ................................................................................. 2 1.5 The scope of the project ..................................................................................... 2 1.6 METHODS ........................................................................................................ 2 1.7 Organization of the study. .................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER 2.LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................. 3 2.1 Animation .......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Overview of 3D animation .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2.1 History of 3d animation. ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2 Computer Animation .................................................................................. 6 2.2.3 3D Architectural Animation....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4 2D Miscommunication, 3D Remedy and Virtual architecture ................... 8 2.2.5 3D Walkthrough ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.6 The Virtual Building ................................................................................. 10 2.2.7 3D Software Technology .......................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 3: RESEACH METHODOLOGY ..................................................... 15 3.1 Methodology used ............................................................................................ 15 3.2 Installation of ArchiCAD ................................................................................. 15
3.2.1 System requirement .................................................................................. 15 3.2.2 INSTALLING Archicad 9 .................................................................... 16 3.2.3. Art*lantis System Requirements .............................................................. 18
CHAPTER 4: Research Findings .......................................................................... 20 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 20 4.2 Designing using ArchiCAD ............................................................................. 20
4.2.1 Getting started with ArchiCAD Software. ................................................ 20 4.2.1.1 Setting unites ...................................................................................... 20 4.2.1.2 Floor plan view. ................................................................................. 22
4.3 Importing from ArchiCAD to art*lantis software. .......................................... 23 4.3.1 Lights and Cameras ................................................................................... 23 4.3.2 Animating the scene .................................................................................. 24 4.3.3 Rendering the scene .................................................................................. 25 4.3.4. 3D walkthroughs ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.5 Interactive walkthroughs ........................................................................... 26
In order to carry out a successfully study, we first collected data
trough interviews in construction companies, civil engineers and other
people from computer Engineering and Information Technology
department. During this period of data collection we also consulted
different books, news papers and internet.
Data collected have been analyzed in order to choose the best software
that can be used for drawing. The ArchiCAD mostly used by civil
engineers was found to be the best. This software helped us to draw
one of the building constructed in KIST known as AVU, after taking
all the measurements needed.
After drawing, an animation and walkthrough have been introduced
through another software working together with ArchiCAD, known as
art*lantis. With this software we also introduced an interaction for the
building drawn. ArchiCAD and Art*lantis have been installed in the
following ways:
3.2 Installation of ArchiCAD 9.
3.2.1 System requirement
Operating System:
Windows XP Professional.
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition*.
Macintosh® OS X 10.3.
Macintosh® OS X 10.4.
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CPU:
Intel® Pentium 4, Intel® Centrino, or compatible
RAM:
1 GB of RAM is require more than 1GB is recommended for
complex models
Hard Drive:
Minimum of 500 MB free hard disk space is required for a full
installation.
Additional 2 GB is required for work with complex projects and 3D
visualization.
Display:
Minimum resolution: 1024x768,
Recommended resolution: 1280x1024 Standard Open GL
graphic cards with on-board video memory of 64 MB are required.
On-board video memory of 128 MB or more is recommended11.
3.2.2 INSTALLING ArchiCAD 9
Windows:
After inserting the CD into your CD-Rom drive, the installer will
automatically start. Choose the "ArchiCAD 9" option to install
ArchiCAD.
In case the installer does not start automatically, double-click on the
"Setup" application in the CD root directory.
11 http://www.graphisoft.com/support/archicad/system_requirements/archicad9.html.12 December 2007
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Macintosh:
Insert the ArchiCAD 9 CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive and
double-click on the "ArchiCAD Installer" application in the CD root
directory.
Important: When installing ArchiCAD, you must be logged on as a
member of the Administrator Group. Make sure that NO WIBU
protection key is connected to your computer during the installation.
The ArchiCAD 9 installation wizard will start helping you through the
various install options. Select "ArchiCAD 9 Commercial" option if
you have purchased a commercial version of ArchiCAD that comes
with a hardware protection key. Also choose this option, if you
received a demo copy for evaluation purposes only. Choose
"ArchiCAD 9" option.
After accepting the license agreement, you will define a location on
your computer's hard drive for installing ArchiCAD 9. You can either
point to an existing folder or create a new folder. The next step is to
choose one of the following three install options:
• typical
• custom
• advanced
The "typical" option installs all components of ArchiCAD. We
recommend you to use this option when first installing ArchiCAD.
The "custom" option lets you install only selected parts of the full
package. Choose this option only if you are experienced in installing
and using ArchiCAD. The "advanced" option installs ArchiCAD
with
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Pre-set defaults. This option allows CAD managers to set up an
office with standardized ArchiCAD 9 installations. When you first
install ArchiCAD 9, this option will not be available.
Then follow the steps, and choose your own options, and provide the
information in any way you want. And When ArchiCAD finishes
installing; it will require a restart of the computer.
3.2.3. Art*lantis System Requirements.
PC with Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows 2000, XP
Home or Professional Editions with .NET 1.1 frameworks
(Note that Sketch up Pro is Vista compatible but due to the poor
support for OpenGL in vista, it is not ideal. Windows NT is not
supported at all anymore. Install and run Sketch Up Pro in Windows
2000 compatibility mode.
Minimum Requirements
1 GHZ Pentium 4 Processor.
512 MB RAM.
>200 MB of available hard-disk space.
Video card that is 100% OpenGL compliant.
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher.
Windows Media Player or QuickTime 5.0.
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Apple Macintosh with OS X
Minimum Requirements
1 GHz G5
512 MB RAM
>200 MB of available hard-disk space quick Time 5.0.
Within the above softwares all the objectives have been achieved12.
12 http://www.design8.nl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33&Itemid=50,12 December 2007
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CHAPTER 4: Research Findings
4.1 Introduction
This chapter presents results of this project in relation to the project goal.
The goal of the project was to design AVU building and walk inside it interactively.
From the interview method we found out the software that we have used and from
documentation we learnt how to use those softwares.
For designing we used ArchiCAD software and art*lantis was applied to achieve the
remaining part of our project.
4.2 Designing using ArchiCAD
4.2.1 Getting started with ArchiCAD Software.
4.2.1.1 Setting unites
Before setting the unit we have to open ArchiCAD from start menu > program then
ArchiCAD or double click on ArchiCAD icon if it is on the desktop.
You can set the unit of a building by clicking an object category, and type on object
you wish to draw. For example the following figure shows how to set a wall for the
building.
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For example the following figure show how to set a wall for the building
.
The designers have to click on a wall icon from tool box and then the
wall settings window appear. In that case he/she can set the height,
width and the length of the wall.
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4.2.1.2 Floor plan view.
The figure bellow shows application window with a floor plan after designing all parts of the building. You can view this building in 3D Window by right clicking on the floor plan and
then select 3D Window.
The following figure will appear
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4.3 Importing from ArchiCAD to art*lantis software.
4.3.1 Lights and Cameras
A programmer creates lights with various properties to illuminate the scene.
Lights in art* lantis includes the following standard light types; omni, spot ,and
directional lights .the programmer can set a light to any color and even animate the
color to simulate dimming or volumetric effects.
Camera in art* lantis can be created and placed as desired using art* lantis software,
camera define viewpoints for rendering, and can be animated to produce
cinematic effects. A programmer can create a camera just by choose window then
select edit panorama and the camera appear. After that we can move the camera
where you want to view.
The figure bellow will show how to create a camera using art*lantis
and how to rotate it.
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4.3.2 Animating the scene
A programmer begins animating the scene at any time by clicking on window then
select Edit animation. In this case a programmer can set the sequence number for the
animation and he can set the time required for animating the scene. When the play
button is on, art*lantis automatically record the movement, rotation and scale
changes a programmer makes, not as change to a static scene ,but as keys on certain
frames that represent time.
The following figure show how the animation can be done automatically according
to the time setting.
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4.3.3 Rendering the scene
We have used the rendering features to define an environment and to produce the
final output from a scene. we have rendering a single image by setting the’ render’ to
render a single frame of an animation. Rendering an animation is the same as
rendering a single image except that that one can set the ‘render’ to render a
sequence of frames. We have chosen to render an animation to multiple single frame
files or to popular animation formats such as .flc or .avi.
4.3.4. 3D walkthroughs
Having created a classic floor plan, it is easy to create a three-dimensional
Walkthrough at the touch of a button. The 3D Walkthrough is an extremely powerful
way of 'feeding' the visitor's imagination. It is a magical experience. The 3D
Walkthrough video is like somebody moving through the property with a video
camera. But the visitor can jump from one room to another simply by setting the
camera in one room and walk inside. At the end of the 3D Walkthrough tour the
viewer can see photographs that show exactly how the home looks like before it is
built.
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The figure bellow show how the viewer can walk inside the building
In order to make the walkthrough of a given building, the user place the camera at
the place where he wish to see and then use the mouse for walking inside that
building.
4.3.5 Interactive walkthroughs
We have developed a system that supports interactive walkthroughs of a building
model. Interactive computer programs that simulate the experience of "walking"
through a building interior are useful for visualization and evaluation of building
models before they are constructed. In order to achieve interactive walkthroughs of
such large building models, a system must store in memory and render only a small
portion of the model; that is, the portion seen by the observer. As the observer
"walks" through the model, some parts of the model become visible and others
become invisible; some objects appear larger and others appear smaller. The client
may not be satisfied with the color setting by the contractor or the roof of the
building or the pavement of that building. In this case the client may be able to
change every thing in the walkthrough process.
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The figure bellow shows how the client can set any color as he want.
In summary, the current state of home design relies heavily on the communication
between the architect and the client. It is the responsibility of the architect to ensure
that clients completely understand the design aspect of ones future home. It is often
the case that a bad design is not bad but rather it was misinterpretation by either the
client or the architect. Architects have tried to remedy this by offering clients to view
photorealistic still renderings and walkthrough movies of their future home. These
rendered images may give clients more understanding of the design.
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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
This work was carried out with sufficient data obtained from different
sources.
The main aim of the project was to design the AVU building, allow
user to animate it, walk inside it, and set a color as he /she wish
interactively. Therefore using appropriate software we have achieved
all those objectives.
Those softwares will facilitate all contractors, civil engineers,
computer engineers and other people to learn how they can design,
and make an interactive walkthroughs in their design. With this
system, the customer will be able to walk inside the model
interactively and ‘pre-view’ how a building or environment will ‘look
like’ before it is built.
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5.2 Recommendation
We highly recommend civil engineers to learn more about those
softwares and show how to walkthrough inside their design so that it
will be a better way of advertisement.
We recommend implementing a system online in which the designer
will publish different model of design like hotels, buildings, etc… for
more information concerning those design.
We also recommend this project to all coming graduates to ameliorate
this system in order to achieve their objectives.
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REFERENCES
A. Literature
1. Kevin Kitchens (2006).Interactive Home Design in a Virtual
Environment. The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg,
MS39406 (USA).
2. Hebert Peter (2004). ArchiCAD Best Practice the Virtual Building
TM Revealed. Second edition, Wigen Springer, Canada S7K-5X2.
3. Salomon, Charles (1989).Enchanted Drawings: the History of
animation. New York; Random House, inc. ISBN 0-394-54684-9
B. Websites
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/animation, 4 September 2007.
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animation, 9 October 2007.
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/architectural-animation, 10 November