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LYFBy Ms. Bianca

Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory

Golden Rules In The Laboratory

Familiarize yourself with the laboratory.

1. Gas and

water outlets

2. Fire exit,

fire

extinguishers

3.First-aid kit,

eyewash

stations, blankets

4. Sandbox, safety

shower

CLASSES OF FIRES

Class A fires are those fueled by materials that, when they burn, leave a residue in the form of ash, such as paper, wood, cloth, rubber, and certain plastics.

Class B fires involve flammable liquids and gasses, such as gasoline, paint thinner, kitchen grease, propane, and acetylene.

Class C fires are those that involve energized electrical wiring or equipment (motors, computers, panel boxes) Note: if the electricity to the equipment is cut, a Class C fire becomes one of the other three types of fires.

Class D fires involve exotic metals, such as magnesium, sodium, titanium.

FIRE EXTINGUISHERSKnow the Different Types

Type of Extinguisher How It Works

Classes of Fire

Water reduces temperature

CO2 displaces oxygen

Dry Chemical binds oxygen

Halon binds oxygen

Met-L-X (Sand) smothers fire

A B C D

X NEVER

X X

X X X

X X

X

To remember how to use a fire extinguisher, think of PASS.

P Pull the locking pin.

A Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.

S Squeeze the trigger all the way closed.

S Sweep the extinguisher discharge side to side over the area of the fire.

Never work alone in the laboratory-

perform only under the

supervision of your teacher

Wear chemical splash goggles

and protective shoes.

Wear chemical resistant gloves

Wear a lab coat and/or a chemical resistant

apron

• Remove necklaces or other dangling jewelry• If you have long hair, tie it back

Only books and notebooks needed for the experiment should be in the laboratory•Do not bring textbooks, purses,

bags, or items in the laboratory

Follow your teacher’s

directions•Never begin the activity unless your teacher tells you to do so•Never perform activities that are not authorized by your teacher•If the procedure is unclear ask for assistance•Carefully look for safety symbols or warnings provided for the experiment

No horseplay or fooling around in the laboratory•Clowning in the laboratory is dangerous•Always keep a watchful eye when carrying chemicals•Stay at your laboratory tables at prescribed times

Never eat nor drink inside the laboratory•Some chemicals may look like ordinary water or delicious candies•Keep your hands away from your face and mouth while working•No texting or phone calls while in the laboratory•Know the fire drill procedure and the location of exit doors

Be sure your hands are dry before using electrical equipment•Before plugging an electrical cord into a socket, make sure that the equipment is turned off•After using the equipment, turn it off, then unplug it• Cords should not lie in puddles of spilled liquid

Notify your teacher about problems- spill anything, break any glassware, cut yourself or your classmate, or encounter any unusual problems Use tongs, gloves, or other equipment when handling hot objects Avoid impossible transfers•If liquids are to be transferred from a large-mouthed container into a small-mouthed container, use pipette or funnel

Dispose of waste materials properly•Solid waste- waste can, liquid waste- sink•Never return chemicals to their original containers to avoid contamination

Clean as you go•Wash your hands before leaving the laboratory

Use your sixth sense- the common sense

First Aid and Emergency Measures

Acid on the Skin

Wash the affected part with plenty of water, then wash it with dilute sodium bicarbonate solution, and finally wash it again with water. Then apply burn ointment on the affected area.

Alkali on the Skin

Wash the affected part with plenty of water, then wash it with dilute boric acid solution, and finally wash it again with water. Then apply ointment on the affected part.

Organic Chemicals on the Skin

Wash the affected part with plenty of water, then with rubbing alcohol. Afterwards, clean it well with soap and water. E.g. of organic chemicals are benzene, turpentine, and kerosene.

Poisoned by Swallowing

Make sure that the victim vomit by letting him/her drink one glass of saltwater solution. Continuously give this until the expelled liquid is clear. Immediately bring the victim to the nearest hospital.

Cuts

Minor-cuts

Let the cut bleed for a few seconds to remove any fragment from the wounded area. Apply disinfectant and cover it with bandage.

Serious CutsPrevent excessive bleeding by applying pressure using a sterile pad over the wounded area . See a doctor immediately.

Eye accidents

If you get chemicals in your eyes, go to the eyewash station or the nearest faucet and wash your eyes with running water. Hold your eyelids open with your thumb and fingers, and roll your eyeballs around. Flush your eyes continuously for at least 15 minutes. Never apply any chemical, for this may further irritate the eyes.

Thermal burns

Apply ice on burning area until swelling subsides. Cold water may also be used. Do not apply bandage or ointment. Severe burns need the immediate attention of doctors.

Fire from burning chemicals

Use a damp wet towel or rag to cover the mouth of the burning vessel to extinguish the fire and prevent it from spreading. Turn off all gas burners. In case of larger fire, use a fire extinguisher or dry sand.

Fire from burning clothing

If your clothes catch fire, stay calm. Do not panic. Walk to the safety shower, stay under it, and turn it on. You can also use a wet laboratory gown to put out the fire.

SAFETY SYMBOLS

Corrosive substances

Do not inhale their vapors

Do not clean it up yourself if they spilled on the floor

Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing

Fire

Keep away flammable objects like hair, loose clothing or paperWhen heating a chemical in a test tube, always point the open end away from yourself and other people

Explosion Precaution

Keep flammable liquids away from any heat source

Use flammable liquids only in small amounts

Gloves

Wear this when using corrosive substances, handling broken glass or hot

objectsNever force glass tubing into corks, rubber tubing, or rubber stoppers

Use glycerine as lubricant to easily insert a piece of glass tubing through a rubber

stopper

Electric shock

Disconnect all apparatus when not in use

Poison

• Do not let poisonous substance come in contact with your skin and do not inhale

vapors• Never taste, eat, nor swallow any chemical neither eat nor drink any food from

laboratory containers

Radiation

•Wash your hands and arms thoroughly after working with radioactive materials.

• Always wear gloves and goggles when handling a radioactive source

Heating

Use tongs or protective gloves when touching hot objects

Do not use your bare hands when touching hot objects

God Bless Us All!

Assignment:

Study the different laboratory tools and

their use/s.