Lunchless Learn Lunchless Learn First Encounters of the GIS First Encounters of the GIS Kind: Kind: An Introduction to the Basics An Introduction to the Basics of Geographic Information of Geographic Information Systems Systems
Jan 15, 2016
Lunchless LearnLunchless Learn
First Encounters of the GIS Kind:First Encounters of the GIS Kind:An Introduction to the Basics of An Introduction to the Basics of
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
AgendaAgenda
What is GIS?What is GIS?
Planning a trip to San DiegoPlanning a trip to San Diego
The BasicsThe Basics
Q & AQ & A
Session EvaluationSession Evaluation
What if I have questions?What if I have questions?
Feel free to ask questions throughout Feel free to ask questions throughout the session – just raise your handthe session – just raise your hand
There are There are nono stupid questions stupid questions
(trust us!)(trust us!)
One voice at a time please!One voice at a time please!
Geographic Information Systems Geographic Information Systems (GIS)(GIS)
GIS is GIS is everywhereeverywhere!!
Used everydayUsed everyday
Used worldwideUsed worldwide
With GIS you can…With GIS you can…
Manage the environmentManage the environment
Work more efficientlyWork more efficiently
Provide better customer serviceProvide better customer service
Save moneySave money
You can use GIS to:You can use GIS to:
Create mapsCreate maps
Find informationFind information
How?How?
Why?Why?
Create & edit dataCreate & edit data
Solve problemsSolve problems
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
A student who completes this module will be A student who completes this module will be able to:able to:
explore a GIS map and get information about explore a GIS map and get information about map featuresmap features
describe the structure of a GIS mapdescribe the structure of a GIS map
explain how a GIS represents real-world objectsexplain how a GIS represents real-world objects
access feature informationaccess feature information
describe spatial relationships of map featuresdescribe spatial relationships of map features
describe how GIS can be used to solve problemsdescribe how GIS can be used to solve problems
First Encounter with ArcGIS – First Encounter with ArcGIS – Planning a Trip to San DiegoPlanning a Trip to San Diego
Step 1 – Start ArcMapStep 1 – Start ArcMap
Open ArcMapOpen ArcMap• Click Click Start ButtonStart Button – – All ProgramsAll Programs – – ArcGISArcGIS – – ArcMapArcMap
First Encounter with ArcGISFirst Encounter with ArcGIS
Step 1 – Start ArcMapStep 1 – Start ArcMap
Open ArcMapOpen ArcMap• Click Click Start ButtonStart Button – – All ProgramsAll Programs – – ArcGISArcGIS – – ArcMapArcMap
OpenOpen• c:\temp\VirtualCampus\LearnArcGIS9\c:\temp\VirtualCampus\LearnArcGIS9\
Start\Start\tourism.mxdtourism.mxd
Table of Contents
Page Layout Window
Step 2 – Explore United States Step 2 – Explore United States MapMap
Activate the United States MapActivate the United States Map• Right click on Right click on United StatesUnited States in Table of in Table of
Contents – Choose Contents – Choose ActivateActivate
Step 2 – Explore United States Step 2 – Explore United States MapMap
Activate the United States MapActivate the United States Map• Right click on United States in Table of Right click on United States in Table of
Contents – Choose Contents – Choose ActivateActivate
Turn on/off State DataTurn on/off State Data• Uncheck/check box next to Uncheck/check box next to States LayerStates Layer
Step 3 – Zoom in to San DiegoStep 3 – Zoom in to San Diego
Activate the San Diego MapActivate the San Diego Map• Right click on Right click on San DiegoSan Diego in Table of in Table of
Contents – choose Contents – choose ActivateActivate
Step 3 – Zoom in to San DiegoStep 3 – Zoom in to San Diego
Activate the San Diego MapActivate the San Diego Map• Right click on Right click on San DiegoSan Diego in Table of in Table of
Contents – choose Contents – choose ActivateActivate
To see more details of San DiegoTo see more details of San Diego • Zoom in using Zoom in using Zoom In Zoom In tool tool
Step 3 – Zoom in to San DiegoStep 3 – Zoom in to San Diego
Activate the San Diego MapActivate the San Diego Map• Right click on Right click on San DiegoSan Diego in Table of in Table of
Contents – choose Contents – choose ActivateActivate
To see more details of San DiegoTo see more details of San Diego • Zoom in using Zoom in using Zoom In Zoom In tool tool • With Zoom still active click centre of With Zoom still active click centre of
mapmap• Type 50000 into the Type 50000 into the Scale boxScale box
Step 3 – Zoom in to San DiegoStep 3 – Zoom in to San Diego
Activate the San Diego MapActivate the San Diego Map• Right click on Right click on San DiegoSan Diego in Table of in Table of
Contents – choose Contents – choose ActivateActivate
To see more details of San DiegoTo see more details of San Diego • Zoom in using Zoom in using Zoom In Zoom In tool tool • With Zoom still active click centre of With Zoom still active click centre of
mapmap• Type 50000 into the Type 50000 into the Scale boxScale box• Use Use Pan Pan tool and click and dragtool and click and drag
Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Label HotelsLabel Hotels
Switch to Switch to Data ViewData View window window
Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Label HotelsLabel Hotels
Switch to Switch to Data ViewData View window window
Turn on Hotels so they are viewed on MapTurn on Hotels so they are viewed on Map• Table of Contents – check box next to Table of Contents – check box next to HotelsHotels
Get Hotel nameGet Hotel name• ZoomZoom into cluster of hotels on coast – click the into cluster of hotels on coast – click the SelectSelect tool and place mouse over hotel tool and place mouse over hotel symbolsymbol
HYATT REGENCY HOTEL
Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Step 4 – Switch to Data View and Label HotelsLabel Hotels
Switch to Switch to Data ViewData View window window
Turn on Hotels so they are viewed on MapTurn on Hotels so they are viewed on Map• Table of Contents – check box next to Table of Contents – check box next to HotelsHotels
Get Hotel nameGet Hotel name• ZoomZoom into cluster of hotels on coast – click the into cluster of hotels on coast – click the SelectSelect tool and place mouse over hotel tool and place mouse over hotel symbolsymbol
Turn on the names of all Hotels at onceTurn on the names of all Hotels at once• Right click on Right click on HotelsHotels in Table of Contents – in Table of Contents –
choose choose Label FeaturesLabel Features
Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information about itInformation about it
Find all Marriott Hotels in San DiegoFind all Marriott Hotels in San Diego• Click Click FindFind tool – In tool – In Find FieldFind Field type type MarriottMarriott
- Click - Click dropdown arrowdropdown arrow next to next to InIn and choose and choose HotelsHotels – Click – Click FindFind
Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information about itInformation about it
Find all Marriott Hotels in San DiegoFind all Marriott Hotels in San Diego• Click Click FindFind tool – In tool – In Find FieldFind Field type type MarriottMarriott
- Click - Click dropdown arrowdropdown arrow next to next to InIn and choose and choose HotelsHotels – Click – Click FindFind
Find Marriott Suites Hotel on MapFind Marriott Suites Hotel on Map• Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Flash Flash FeatureFeature
Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information about itInformation about it
Find all Marriott Hotels in San DiegoFind all Marriott Hotels in San Diego• Click Click FindFind tool – In tool – In Find FieldFind Field type type MarriottMarriott
- Click - Click dropdown arrowdropdown arrow next to next to InIn and choose and choose HotelsHotels – Click – Click FindFind
Find Marriott Suites Hotel on MapFind Marriott Suites Hotel on Map• Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Flash Flash FeatureFeature
Get Telephone number of HotelGet Telephone number of Hotel• In Find Dialogue right click In Find Dialogue right click Marriott Hotel and Marriott Hotel and
MarinaMarina – choose – choose Identify FeatureIdentify Feature
Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information Step 5 – Find Hotel and get Information about itabout it
Find all Marriott Hotels in San DiegoFind all Marriott Hotels in San Diego• Click Click FindFind tool – In tool – In Find FieldFind Field type type MarriottMarriott - Click - Click dropdown arrowdropdown arrow next to next to InIn and choose and choose HotelsHotels – Click – Click FindFind
Find Marriott Suites Hotel on MapFind Marriott Suites Hotel on Map• Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Right click on Marriott Suites Hotel – Click Flash FeatureFlash Feature
Get Telephone number of HotelGet Telephone number of Hotel• In Find Dialogue right click In Find Dialogue right click Marriott Hotel and MarinaMarriott Hotel and Marina – –
choose choose Identify FeatureIdentify Feature
Select Hotel Select Hotel • Find Dialogue - Right click on Find Dialogue - Right click on Marriott Hotel and Marriott Hotel and
MarinaMarina - Choose - Choose Select FeatureSelect Feature
Step 6 – Get Info on Major Step 6 – Get Info on Major AttractionsAttractions
Show Major AttractionsShow Major Attractions• Table of Contents – Check Table of Contents – Check Major Major
AttractionsAttractions – right click choose – right click choose Open Open Attribute TableAttribute Table
Step 6 – Get Info on Major Step 6 – Get Info on Major AttractionsAttractions
Show Major AttractionsShow Major Attractions• Table of Contents – Check Table of Contents – Check Major Major
AttractionsAttractions – right click choose – right click choose Open Open Attribute TableAttribute Table
Sort TableSort Table• Scroll through attributes – Right click on Scroll through attributes – Right click on
NameName field – choose field – choose Sort AscendingSort Ascending
Step 6 – Get Info on Major AttractionsStep 6 – Get Info on Major Attractions
Show Major AttractionsShow Major Attractions• Table of Contents – Check Table of Contents – Check Major AttractionsMajor Attractions
– right click choose – right click choose Open Attribute TableOpen Attribute Table
Sort TableSort Table• Scroll through attributes – Right click on Scroll through attributes – Right click on NameName
field – choose field – choose Sort AscendingSort Ascending
Find Seaport VillageFind Seaport Village• Scroll through list until you find Scroll through list until you find Seaport Seaport
VillageVillage – click grey box left of record – click grey box left of record
Close TableClose Table
Step 7 – Measure Distance Step 7 – Measure Distance Between FeaturesBetween Features
Zoom into area with Hotel and Zoom into area with Hotel and Seaport Village Seaport Village
Measure DistanceMeasure Distance• Click Measure Tool - single click on Click Measure Tool - single click on
Marriott Hotel and MarinaMarriott Hotel and Marina – move – move mouse over mouse over Seaport VillageSeaport Village – double – double click and check distanceclick and check distance
Step 8 – Find Attractions and Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of Determine Method of TransportationTransportation
Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected Clear Selected FeaturesFeatures
Step 8 – Find Attractions and Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of Determine Method of TransportationTransportation
Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected Clear Selected FeaturesFeatures
Show map of San DiegoShow map of San Diego• ViewView menu – menu – BookmarksBookmarks – – San Diego CitySan Diego City
Turn off Major RoadsTurn off Major Roads• Table of Contents – Uncheck Table of Contents – Uncheck Major RoadsMajor Roads
Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of TransportationMethod of Transportation
Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features
Show map of San DiegoShow map of San Diego• ViewView menu – menu – BookmarksBookmarks – – San Diego CitySan Diego City
Turn off Major RoadsTurn off Major Roads• Table of Contents – Uncheck Table of Contents – Uncheck Major RoadsMajor Roads
Label Major AttractionsLabel Major Attractions• Table of Contents – right click Table of Contents – right click Major AttractionsMajor Attractions – –
choose choose Label FeatureLabel Feature
Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Step 8 – Find Attractions and Determine Method of TransportationMethod of Transportation
Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features• SelectionSelection menu – choose menu – choose Clear Selected FeaturesClear Selected Features
Show map of San DiegoShow map of San Diego• ViewView menu – menu – BookmarksBookmarks – – San Diego CitySan Diego City
Turn off Major RoadsTurn off Major Roads• Table of Contents – Uncheck Table of Contents – Uncheck Major RoadsMajor Roads
Label Major AttractionsLabel Major Attractions• Table of Contents – right click Table of Contents – right click Major AttractionsMajor Attractions – –
choose choose Label FeatureLabel Feature
Get details on the closest Trolley StopsGet details on the closest Trolley Stops• Click Click IdentifyIdentify tool - Layer Dropdown choose tool - Layer Dropdown choose Trolley Trolley
StopsStops – on map click stop closest to – on map click stop closest to Qualcomm Qualcomm StadiumStadium – close – close IdentifyIdentify window window
Step 9 – Use Hyperlink for San Step 9 – Use Hyperlink for San Diego Zoo WebsiteDiego Zoo Website
Zoom to San Diego ZooZoom to San Diego Zoo• Find San Diego Zoo – Find San Diego Zoo – Zoom inZoom in tool tool
Access San Diego Website info through Access San Diego Website info through HyperlinkHyperlink• Click Click HyperlinkHyperlink tool - click on San Diego Zoo tool - click on San Diego Zoo
symbol on mapsymbol on map
Step 10 – End ArcMap SessionStep 10 – End ArcMap Session
Close ArcMapClose ArcMap• FileFile menu – choose menu – choose ExitExit – Click – Click nono
when asked if you want to save datawhen asked if you want to save data
Exploring a GIS mapExploring a GIS map
DynamicDynamic
Zoom, pan, resizeZoom, pan, resize
Add/remove featuresAdd/remove features
Change symbolizationChange symbolization
Access database of informationAccess database of information
How is a GIS map organized?How is a GIS map organized?
Data framesData frames
Thematic layersThematic layers
FeaturesFeatures
How is a GIS map organized?How is a GIS map organized?
Features have:Features have: LocationLocation ShapeShape SymbolSymbol
Features grouped in a Features grouped in a layer havelayer have::
Same shapeSame shape Same characteristicsSame characteristics
AND they are located AND they are located within the same within the same geographic extentgeographic extent
LayersLayers
Contain features Contain features located within the located within the same boundarysame boundary
Each represents a Each represents a distinct "theme" distinct "theme"
Are drawn on top of Are drawn on top of each other to create each other to create an informative GIS an informative GIS mapmap
Representing the real worldRepresenting the real world
PointPoint
LineLine
PolygonPolygon
One coordinate pairOne coordinate pair
Sequence of 2 or more Sequence of 2 or more coordinate pairscoordinate pairs
One or more lines whose One or more lines whose start and end start and end coordinate pairs are coordinate pairs are the samethe same
GIS world – 3 types of features:GIS world – 3 types of features:
Representing the real worldRepresenting the real world
In this map of In this map of South America…South America…
What are countries What are countries represented as?represented as?
Rivers?Rivers?
Cities? Cities?
Representation*Representation*
PolygonsPolygons
LinesLines
PointsPoints
objects with boundariesobjects with boundaries countries, building footprints, countries, building footprints,
lakeslakes
objects too narrow to be objects too narrow to be polygonspolygons
streets, rivers, telephone linesstreets, rivers, telephone lines
objects too small to be polygonsobjects too small to be polygons cities, trees, hospitalscities, trees, hospitals
* Depends on map scale
Linking features to informationLinking features to information
For a roadFor a road
For a cityFor a city
- NameName- SpeedSpeed- Direction (one-way or two-Direction (one-way or two-
way)way)
- PopulationPopulation- Average monthly temperatureAverage monthly temperature- Number of schoolsNumber of schools
More than just location and shapeMore than just location and shape
Information associated with feature Information associated with feature
Feature attributesFeature attributes
Types or categories of informationTypes or categories of information
Stored in attribute tableStored in attribute table
Each feature is a record (row); Each Each feature is a record (row); Each attribute is a column or fieldattribute is a column or field
Same layer, same attribute tableSame layer, same attribute table
Feature attributes Feature attributes
This attribute table for a layer of cities This attribute table for a layer of cities stores each feature's ID number, shape, stores each feature's ID number, shape, name, the country in which it's located, name, the country in which it's located, and its status. and its status.
Feature attributesFeature attributes
Features are linked to attributes by a Features are linked to attributes by a unique numerical identifier (ID)unique numerical identifier (ID)
Every feature has an IDEvery feature has an ID
One-to-one relationship between One-to-one relationship between feature, identifier and attribute feature, identifier and attribute recordrecord
Feature attributes cont’dFeature attributes cont’d
Click feature on map – see attributes Click feature on map – see attributes in tablein table
Select record in table – selects Select record in table – selects feature on mapfeature on map
Ask questions of attribute table – Ask questions of attribute table – display answer on mapdisplay answer on map
ExampleExample
The city of Bombay is selected. Its record The city of Bombay is selected. Its record is also selected in the attribute table. The is also selected in the attribute table. The unique identifier for Bombay is stored in unique identifier for Bombay is stored in the FID field. the FID field.
Understanding Map ScaleUnderstanding Map Scale
Scale - the relationship between size on the Scale - the relationship between size on the map and size in the real worldmap and size in the real world
Expressed as a ratio, or representative fraction Expressed as a ratio, or representative fraction (RF)(RF)
A scale of 1:50,000 means one unit on the map A scale of 1:50,000 means one unit on the map equals 50,000 units on earth.equals 50,000 units on earth.
It also means that the objects on earth are 50,000 It also means that the objects on earth are 50,000 times larger than the features on the map.times larger than the features on the map.
Map ScaleMap Scale
Two types:Two types:
Large-scaleLarge-scale
Small-scaleSmall-scale
Examples?
Covers a small area in Covers a small area in more detailmore detail
Covers a large area in Covers a large area in less detailless detail
Map Scale samplesMap Scale samples
CreditsCredits
This demonstration was created using This demonstration was created using course materials from ESRI’s Virtual course materials from ESRI’s Virtual Campus.Campus.
If you are interested in taking more If you are interested in taking more Virtual Campus courses, please Virtual Campus courses, please contact the GIS Centre.contact the GIS Centre.
GIS CentreGIS Centre
Located at the back of the Located at the back of the Learning Commons on the first floor Learning Commons on the first floor
of the Killam Libraryof the Killam Library
Jennifer MilneJennifer [email protected]@dal.ca
494-6719494-6719
Jennifer StrangJennifer [email protected]@dal.ca
494-1386494-1386