Lubricating Oil, Fuel, and Filters · 2 Lubricating Oil Requirements. 2.1 Lubricating Oil Requirements. In general, lubricating oil selection for Detroit™ engines is based on viscosity
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Transcript
DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
Specifications are subject to change without notice Detroit Diesel Corporation is registered to ISO 90012001Copyright copy Detroit Diesel Corporation All rights reserved Detroit Diesel Corporation is a Daimler companyPrinted in USA
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 411 Trademark Information 412 Introduction 4
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements 521 Lubricating Oil Requirements 522 Identification of API Service Classification 523 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus 524 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification 625 Cold Weather Operation 626 Monograde Oils 7
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information 831 Lubricating Oil Additional Information 832 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection 833 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity 934 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number 935 Universal Oils 936 Synthetic Oils 937 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD 938 Typical Properties 1039 The Use Of Supplemental Additives 10310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil 10311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils 10
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals 1241 Oil Drain Intervals 1242 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines 1243 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines 1344 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada 1445 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations 1546 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis 1647 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period 17
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals 1851 Oil Drain Intervals 1852 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines 1853 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines 1854 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines 1955 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD 1956 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines 20
6 Diesel Fuel 2161 Diesel Fuel 2162 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection 2163 Diesel Fuel Properties 2664 Fuel Stability 2765 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity 2766 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation 2867 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping 2868 Diesel Fuel Storage 2969 Aftermarket Fuel Additives 30610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed 31611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelines 31612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3 31613 Additional Cautions 32614 Oxidative Stability 32615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems 32616 Cold performance is worsened 32
Table of Contents
2 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
617 Water contamination 32618 Microorganism growth 32619 Engine oil analysis is required 33620 Warranty implications 33
7 Filtration 3471 Filtration 34
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty 3981 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty 39
9 Supplemental Information 4091 Supplemental Information 40
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 3DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
1 Introduction
11 Trademark InformationDDCreg Detroittrade and the spinning arrows design are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation Series 50 regSeries 55 reg Series 60 reg DD13 reg DD15 reg DD16 reg are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation DD5trade DD8tradeare trademarks but not yet registered to Detroit Diesel Corporation Fuel Proreg Sea Proreg and Mega Filterreg are registeredtrademarks of Davco Manufacturing LLC All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Detroit FluidsSpecification takes the place of POWER GUARD
12 IntroductionThis publication specifies the type of lubricants fuels filters and related maintenance intervals required for the diesel-fueledengines manufactured and marketed by Detroittrade The information in this publication applies to Series 60 Series 50 Series55 Series 40 MBE 900 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
Information on the use of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is located in the DD Platform Operators Manual (DDC-SVC-MAN-0189) Coolant references are located in Coolant Requirements For Engine Cooling Systems (DDC-SVC-BRO-0002)
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
For information on fuels lubricants and filters required for Detroittrade engines using alternate fuels (other than diesel fuel)and other engine products not covered in this publication refer to the specific publications for those engines
Selection of the proper quality of fuel lubricating oil and filters in conjunction with required oil and filter maintenance isrequired to achieve the long and trouble-free service which Detroittrade engines are designed to provide Operation withimproper fuels lubricants and filters can degrade engine performance and may void the manufacturers warranty
1 Introduction
4 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil RequirementsIn general lubricating oil selection for Detroittrade engines is based on viscosity grade and service category as defined byindustry standards and is displayed in the API symbol shown in the following section Oils identified by this system andlicensed by API provide adequate service in most applications In 2002 Detroittrade initiated additional criteria to theserequirements through the use of Detroit Fluids Specifications which resulted in a listing of preferred oils for Detroittradeengines
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
22 Identification of API Service ClassificationBelow are examples of American Petroleum Institute (API) certification donuts for the most current diesel engine oilcategories
Figure 1 Examples of API Symbols
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 PlusAPI Service Category FA-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 compliant enginesequipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation of aftertreatment deviceswhile providing complete wear deposit and soot control
API Service Category CK-4 and CJ-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17compliant engines equipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel(ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation ofaftertreatment devices while providing complete wear deposit and soot control API CK-4 and CJ-4 oils may also be used inall diesel engines operating with ULSD fuel
API Service category CI-4 PLUS oils were designed primarily for use with 2002 EPA emission compliant engines equippedwith cooled EGR operating on Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (below 500 ppm) These oils are formulated with higher ashand phosphorus content and were not intended for use in engines with aftertreatment devices Their use in EPA07 enginesmay cause premature aftertreatment filter plugging
There is a subtle but important difference between oils meeting the API CI-4 and the API CI-4 PLUS service categoryShortly after their inception the API CI-4 category requirements were modified for improved soot handling and shearstability An engine oil formulation that meets the modified requirements would qualify for API CI-4 PLUS Due to their
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 5DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
superior performance in EGR-equipped engines without aftertreatment devices Detroittrade recommends only CI-4 PLUS oilsDetroittrade does not recommend the use of oils that only meet the CI-4 service category
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids SpecificationIn 2005 Detroittrade issued its first listing of approved oils based on Detroit Fluids Specification These specificationsrepresented an enhanced performance level beyond the industry-based service category system Oils meeting thesespecifications undergo additional review of performance claims include added performance requirements for Detroittradeinternational family of engines compared to API certified engine oils The added confidence in performance of these oilsallows Detroittrade customers to maximize oil drain intervals and engine service life beyond those permitted with industry-based engine oils Refer to section Oil Drain Intervals
Three Detroittrade approved oil specifications exist for different applications The list of oils meeting these specifications maybe viewed as follows
1 Go to dtnaconnectcom (public side no login required)2 Select the Lubricants Fuels amp Coolants link3 Select the DFS ENGINE OIL APPROVAL LIST link4 Select the Detroit Fluids Specification link for the intended application
Table 1Approved Detroit Fluids Specification
Specification Engine Model Year Fuel Sulfur ppm Intended Application
93K223 EPA10GHG14GHG17
Ultra Low Sulfur lessthan 15
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA10GHG14GHG17 operating onULSD fuel These oils are similar to API FA-4
93K222EPA0710GHG14
GHG17Series 60 MBE4000
MBE900
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CK-4
93K218
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CJ-4
93K214
EPA04 and Older
Low Sulfur less than500
Cooled EGR-equipped engines withoutaftertreatment devices or any engine operating onLow Sulfur fuel These engines meet 2002 to 2006model year emission requirements These oils are
similar to API CI-4 PLUS
EuroIV EuroV DD13DD15 DD16
93K215 EPA98 and Older High Sulfur less than5000
Non-EGR-equipped engines operating on fuelbelow 5000 ppm sulfur fuel These oils are similar
to API CH-4
25 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken during cold weather To protect your engine special cold weather handling is required forfuel engine oil coolant and batteries
NOTICE To avoid engine damage DO NOT use any type of aerosol spray eg ether starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in starting the engine
For EPA07 engines with a grid heater
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
6 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
WARNING BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater
The engine does not require starting aids down to 10degC (50degF) Temperatures below -20degC (-4degF) will require a block heaterand oil pan heater
26 Monograde OilsMonograde oils irrespective of API service category should not be used in any Detroittrade four-cycle engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 7DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
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All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
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All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 411 Trademark Information 412 Introduction 4
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements 521 Lubricating Oil Requirements 522 Identification of API Service Classification 523 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus 524 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification 625 Cold Weather Operation 626 Monograde Oils 7
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information 831 Lubricating Oil Additional Information 832 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection 833 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity 934 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number 935 Universal Oils 936 Synthetic Oils 937 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD 938 Typical Properties 1039 The Use Of Supplemental Additives 10310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil 10311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils 10
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals 1241 Oil Drain Intervals 1242 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines 1243 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines 1344 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada 1445 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations 1546 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis 1647 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period 17
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals 1851 Oil Drain Intervals 1852 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines 1853 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines 1854 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines 1955 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD 1956 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines 20
6 Diesel Fuel 2161 Diesel Fuel 2162 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection 2163 Diesel Fuel Properties 2664 Fuel Stability 2765 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity 2766 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation 2867 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping 2868 Diesel Fuel Storage 2969 Aftermarket Fuel Additives 30610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed 31611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelines 31612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3 31613 Additional Cautions 32614 Oxidative Stability 32615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems 32616 Cold performance is worsened 32
Table of Contents
2 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
617 Water contamination 32618 Microorganism growth 32619 Engine oil analysis is required 33620 Warranty implications 33
7 Filtration 3471 Filtration 34
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty 3981 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty 39
9 Supplemental Information 4091 Supplemental Information 40
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 3DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
1 Introduction
11 Trademark InformationDDCreg Detroittrade and the spinning arrows design are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation Series 50 regSeries 55 reg Series 60 reg DD13 reg DD15 reg DD16 reg are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation DD5trade DD8tradeare trademarks but not yet registered to Detroit Diesel Corporation Fuel Proreg Sea Proreg and Mega Filterreg are registeredtrademarks of Davco Manufacturing LLC All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Detroit FluidsSpecification takes the place of POWER GUARD
12 IntroductionThis publication specifies the type of lubricants fuels filters and related maintenance intervals required for the diesel-fueledengines manufactured and marketed by Detroittrade The information in this publication applies to Series 60 Series 50 Series55 Series 40 MBE 900 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
Information on the use of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is located in the DD Platform Operators Manual (DDC-SVC-MAN-0189) Coolant references are located in Coolant Requirements For Engine Cooling Systems (DDC-SVC-BRO-0002)
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
For information on fuels lubricants and filters required for Detroittrade engines using alternate fuels (other than diesel fuel)and other engine products not covered in this publication refer to the specific publications for those engines
Selection of the proper quality of fuel lubricating oil and filters in conjunction with required oil and filter maintenance isrequired to achieve the long and trouble-free service which Detroittrade engines are designed to provide Operation withimproper fuels lubricants and filters can degrade engine performance and may void the manufacturers warranty
1 Introduction
4 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil RequirementsIn general lubricating oil selection for Detroittrade engines is based on viscosity grade and service category as defined byindustry standards and is displayed in the API symbol shown in the following section Oils identified by this system andlicensed by API provide adequate service in most applications In 2002 Detroittrade initiated additional criteria to theserequirements through the use of Detroit Fluids Specifications which resulted in a listing of preferred oils for Detroittradeengines
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
22 Identification of API Service ClassificationBelow are examples of American Petroleum Institute (API) certification donuts for the most current diesel engine oilcategories
Figure 1 Examples of API Symbols
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 PlusAPI Service Category FA-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 compliant enginesequipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation of aftertreatment deviceswhile providing complete wear deposit and soot control
API Service Category CK-4 and CJ-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17compliant engines equipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel(ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation ofaftertreatment devices while providing complete wear deposit and soot control API CK-4 and CJ-4 oils may also be used inall diesel engines operating with ULSD fuel
API Service category CI-4 PLUS oils were designed primarily for use with 2002 EPA emission compliant engines equippedwith cooled EGR operating on Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (below 500 ppm) These oils are formulated with higher ashand phosphorus content and were not intended for use in engines with aftertreatment devices Their use in EPA07 enginesmay cause premature aftertreatment filter plugging
There is a subtle but important difference between oils meeting the API CI-4 and the API CI-4 PLUS service categoryShortly after their inception the API CI-4 category requirements were modified for improved soot handling and shearstability An engine oil formulation that meets the modified requirements would qualify for API CI-4 PLUS Due to their
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 5DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
superior performance in EGR-equipped engines without aftertreatment devices Detroittrade recommends only CI-4 PLUS oilsDetroittrade does not recommend the use of oils that only meet the CI-4 service category
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids SpecificationIn 2005 Detroittrade issued its first listing of approved oils based on Detroit Fluids Specification These specificationsrepresented an enhanced performance level beyond the industry-based service category system Oils meeting thesespecifications undergo additional review of performance claims include added performance requirements for Detroittradeinternational family of engines compared to API certified engine oils The added confidence in performance of these oilsallows Detroittrade customers to maximize oil drain intervals and engine service life beyond those permitted with industry-based engine oils Refer to section Oil Drain Intervals
Three Detroittrade approved oil specifications exist for different applications The list of oils meeting these specifications maybe viewed as follows
1 Go to dtnaconnectcom (public side no login required)2 Select the Lubricants Fuels amp Coolants link3 Select the DFS ENGINE OIL APPROVAL LIST link4 Select the Detroit Fluids Specification link for the intended application
Table 1Approved Detroit Fluids Specification
Specification Engine Model Year Fuel Sulfur ppm Intended Application
93K223 EPA10GHG14GHG17
Ultra Low Sulfur lessthan 15
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA10GHG14GHG17 operating onULSD fuel These oils are similar to API FA-4
93K222EPA0710GHG14
GHG17Series 60 MBE4000
MBE900
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CK-4
93K218
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CJ-4
93K214
EPA04 and Older
Low Sulfur less than500
Cooled EGR-equipped engines withoutaftertreatment devices or any engine operating onLow Sulfur fuel These engines meet 2002 to 2006model year emission requirements These oils are
similar to API CI-4 PLUS
EuroIV EuroV DD13DD15 DD16
93K215 EPA98 and Older High Sulfur less than5000
Non-EGR-equipped engines operating on fuelbelow 5000 ppm sulfur fuel These oils are similar
to API CH-4
25 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken during cold weather To protect your engine special cold weather handling is required forfuel engine oil coolant and batteries
NOTICE To avoid engine damage DO NOT use any type of aerosol spray eg ether starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in starting the engine
For EPA07 engines with a grid heater
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
6 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
WARNING BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater
The engine does not require starting aids down to 10degC (50degF) Temperatures below -20degC (-4degF) will require a block heaterand oil pan heater
26 Monograde OilsMonograde oils irrespective of API service category should not be used in any Detroittrade four-cycle engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 7DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
617 Water contamination 32618 Microorganism growth 32619 Engine oil analysis is required 33620 Warranty implications 33
7 Filtration 3471 Filtration 34
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty 3981 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty 39
9 Supplemental Information 4091 Supplemental Information 40
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 3DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
1 Introduction
11 Trademark InformationDDCreg Detroittrade and the spinning arrows design are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation Series 50 regSeries 55 reg Series 60 reg DD13 reg DD15 reg DD16 reg are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation DD5trade DD8tradeare trademarks but not yet registered to Detroit Diesel Corporation Fuel Proreg Sea Proreg and Mega Filterreg are registeredtrademarks of Davco Manufacturing LLC All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Detroit FluidsSpecification takes the place of POWER GUARD
12 IntroductionThis publication specifies the type of lubricants fuels filters and related maintenance intervals required for the diesel-fueledengines manufactured and marketed by Detroittrade The information in this publication applies to Series 60 Series 50 Series55 Series 40 MBE 900 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
Information on the use of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is located in the DD Platform Operators Manual (DDC-SVC-MAN-0189) Coolant references are located in Coolant Requirements For Engine Cooling Systems (DDC-SVC-BRO-0002)
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
For information on fuels lubricants and filters required for Detroittrade engines using alternate fuels (other than diesel fuel)and other engine products not covered in this publication refer to the specific publications for those engines
Selection of the proper quality of fuel lubricating oil and filters in conjunction with required oil and filter maintenance isrequired to achieve the long and trouble-free service which Detroittrade engines are designed to provide Operation withimproper fuels lubricants and filters can degrade engine performance and may void the manufacturers warranty
1 Introduction
4 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil RequirementsIn general lubricating oil selection for Detroittrade engines is based on viscosity grade and service category as defined byindustry standards and is displayed in the API symbol shown in the following section Oils identified by this system andlicensed by API provide adequate service in most applications In 2002 Detroittrade initiated additional criteria to theserequirements through the use of Detroit Fluids Specifications which resulted in a listing of preferred oils for Detroittradeengines
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
22 Identification of API Service ClassificationBelow are examples of American Petroleum Institute (API) certification donuts for the most current diesel engine oilcategories
Figure 1 Examples of API Symbols
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 PlusAPI Service Category FA-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 compliant enginesequipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation of aftertreatment deviceswhile providing complete wear deposit and soot control
API Service Category CK-4 and CJ-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17compliant engines equipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel(ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation ofaftertreatment devices while providing complete wear deposit and soot control API CK-4 and CJ-4 oils may also be used inall diesel engines operating with ULSD fuel
API Service category CI-4 PLUS oils were designed primarily for use with 2002 EPA emission compliant engines equippedwith cooled EGR operating on Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (below 500 ppm) These oils are formulated with higher ashand phosphorus content and were not intended for use in engines with aftertreatment devices Their use in EPA07 enginesmay cause premature aftertreatment filter plugging
There is a subtle but important difference between oils meeting the API CI-4 and the API CI-4 PLUS service categoryShortly after their inception the API CI-4 category requirements were modified for improved soot handling and shearstability An engine oil formulation that meets the modified requirements would qualify for API CI-4 PLUS Due to their
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 5DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
superior performance in EGR-equipped engines without aftertreatment devices Detroittrade recommends only CI-4 PLUS oilsDetroittrade does not recommend the use of oils that only meet the CI-4 service category
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids SpecificationIn 2005 Detroittrade issued its first listing of approved oils based on Detroit Fluids Specification These specificationsrepresented an enhanced performance level beyond the industry-based service category system Oils meeting thesespecifications undergo additional review of performance claims include added performance requirements for Detroittradeinternational family of engines compared to API certified engine oils The added confidence in performance of these oilsallows Detroittrade customers to maximize oil drain intervals and engine service life beyond those permitted with industry-based engine oils Refer to section Oil Drain Intervals
Three Detroittrade approved oil specifications exist for different applications The list of oils meeting these specifications maybe viewed as follows
1 Go to dtnaconnectcom (public side no login required)2 Select the Lubricants Fuels amp Coolants link3 Select the DFS ENGINE OIL APPROVAL LIST link4 Select the Detroit Fluids Specification link for the intended application
Table 1Approved Detroit Fluids Specification
Specification Engine Model Year Fuel Sulfur ppm Intended Application
93K223 EPA10GHG14GHG17
Ultra Low Sulfur lessthan 15
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA10GHG14GHG17 operating onULSD fuel These oils are similar to API FA-4
93K222EPA0710GHG14
GHG17Series 60 MBE4000
MBE900
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CK-4
93K218
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CJ-4
93K214
EPA04 and Older
Low Sulfur less than500
Cooled EGR-equipped engines withoutaftertreatment devices or any engine operating onLow Sulfur fuel These engines meet 2002 to 2006model year emission requirements These oils are
similar to API CI-4 PLUS
EuroIV EuroV DD13DD15 DD16
93K215 EPA98 and Older High Sulfur less than5000
Non-EGR-equipped engines operating on fuelbelow 5000 ppm sulfur fuel These oils are similar
to API CH-4
25 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken during cold weather To protect your engine special cold weather handling is required forfuel engine oil coolant and batteries
NOTICE To avoid engine damage DO NOT use any type of aerosol spray eg ether starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in starting the engine
For EPA07 engines with a grid heater
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
6 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
WARNING BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater
The engine does not require starting aids down to 10degC (50degF) Temperatures below -20degC (-4degF) will require a block heaterand oil pan heater
26 Monograde OilsMonograde oils irrespective of API service category should not be used in any Detroittrade four-cycle engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 7DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
1 Introduction
11 Trademark InformationDDCreg Detroittrade and the spinning arrows design are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation Series 50 regSeries 55 reg Series 60 reg DD13 reg DD15 reg DD16 reg are registered trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation DD5trade DD8tradeare trademarks but not yet registered to Detroit Diesel Corporation Fuel Proreg Sea Proreg and Mega Filterreg are registeredtrademarks of Davco Manufacturing LLC All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Detroit FluidsSpecification takes the place of POWER GUARD
12 IntroductionThis publication specifies the type of lubricants fuels filters and related maintenance intervals required for the diesel-fueledengines manufactured and marketed by Detroittrade The information in this publication applies to Series 60 Series 50 Series55 Series 40 MBE 900 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
Information on the use of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is located in the DD Platform Operators Manual (DDC-SVC-MAN-0189) Coolant references are located in Coolant Requirements For Engine Cooling Systems (DDC-SVC-BRO-0002)
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
For information on fuels lubricants and filters required for Detroittrade engines using alternate fuels (other than diesel fuel)and other engine products not covered in this publication refer to the specific publications for those engines
Selection of the proper quality of fuel lubricating oil and filters in conjunction with required oil and filter maintenance isrequired to achieve the long and trouble-free service which Detroittrade engines are designed to provide Operation withimproper fuels lubricants and filters can degrade engine performance and may void the manufacturers warranty
1 Introduction
4 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil RequirementsIn general lubricating oil selection for Detroittrade engines is based on viscosity grade and service category as defined byindustry standards and is displayed in the API symbol shown in the following section Oils identified by this system andlicensed by API provide adequate service in most applications In 2002 Detroittrade initiated additional criteria to theserequirements through the use of Detroit Fluids Specifications which resulted in a listing of preferred oils for Detroittradeengines
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
22 Identification of API Service ClassificationBelow are examples of American Petroleum Institute (API) certification donuts for the most current diesel engine oilcategories
Figure 1 Examples of API Symbols
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 PlusAPI Service Category FA-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 compliant enginesequipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation of aftertreatment deviceswhile providing complete wear deposit and soot control
API Service Category CK-4 and CJ-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17compliant engines equipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel(ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation ofaftertreatment devices while providing complete wear deposit and soot control API CK-4 and CJ-4 oils may also be used inall diesel engines operating with ULSD fuel
API Service category CI-4 PLUS oils were designed primarily for use with 2002 EPA emission compliant engines equippedwith cooled EGR operating on Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (below 500 ppm) These oils are formulated with higher ashand phosphorus content and were not intended for use in engines with aftertreatment devices Their use in EPA07 enginesmay cause premature aftertreatment filter plugging
There is a subtle but important difference between oils meeting the API CI-4 and the API CI-4 PLUS service categoryShortly after their inception the API CI-4 category requirements were modified for improved soot handling and shearstability An engine oil formulation that meets the modified requirements would qualify for API CI-4 PLUS Due to their
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 5DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
superior performance in EGR-equipped engines without aftertreatment devices Detroittrade recommends only CI-4 PLUS oilsDetroittrade does not recommend the use of oils that only meet the CI-4 service category
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids SpecificationIn 2005 Detroittrade issued its first listing of approved oils based on Detroit Fluids Specification These specificationsrepresented an enhanced performance level beyond the industry-based service category system Oils meeting thesespecifications undergo additional review of performance claims include added performance requirements for Detroittradeinternational family of engines compared to API certified engine oils The added confidence in performance of these oilsallows Detroittrade customers to maximize oil drain intervals and engine service life beyond those permitted with industry-based engine oils Refer to section Oil Drain Intervals
Three Detroittrade approved oil specifications exist for different applications The list of oils meeting these specifications maybe viewed as follows
1 Go to dtnaconnectcom (public side no login required)2 Select the Lubricants Fuels amp Coolants link3 Select the DFS ENGINE OIL APPROVAL LIST link4 Select the Detroit Fluids Specification link for the intended application
Table 1Approved Detroit Fluids Specification
Specification Engine Model Year Fuel Sulfur ppm Intended Application
93K223 EPA10GHG14GHG17
Ultra Low Sulfur lessthan 15
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA10GHG14GHG17 operating onULSD fuel These oils are similar to API FA-4
93K222EPA0710GHG14
GHG17Series 60 MBE4000
MBE900
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CK-4
93K218
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CJ-4
93K214
EPA04 and Older
Low Sulfur less than500
Cooled EGR-equipped engines withoutaftertreatment devices or any engine operating onLow Sulfur fuel These engines meet 2002 to 2006model year emission requirements These oils are
similar to API CI-4 PLUS
EuroIV EuroV DD13DD15 DD16
93K215 EPA98 and Older High Sulfur less than5000
Non-EGR-equipped engines operating on fuelbelow 5000 ppm sulfur fuel These oils are similar
to API CH-4
25 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken during cold weather To protect your engine special cold weather handling is required forfuel engine oil coolant and batteries
NOTICE To avoid engine damage DO NOT use any type of aerosol spray eg ether starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in starting the engine
For EPA07 engines with a grid heater
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
6 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
WARNING BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater
The engine does not require starting aids down to 10degC (50degF) Temperatures below -20degC (-4degF) will require a block heaterand oil pan heater
26 Monograde OilsMonograde oils irrespective of API service category should not be used in any Detroittrade four-cycle engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 7DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil RequirementsIn general lubricating oil selection for Detroittrade engines is based on viscosity grade and service category as defined byindustry standards and is displayed in the API symbol shown in the following section Oils identified by this system andlicensed by API provide adequate service in most applications In 2002 Detroittrade initiated additional criteria to theserequirements through the use of Detroit Fluids Specifications which resulted in a listing of preferred oils for Detroittradeengines
NOTE For 2-cycle and all Off-Highway engine lubricating oil fuel and coolant requirements refer to MTUTechnical Publication Fluids and Lubricants Specification Bulletin A00106135E (or most recent) This bulletin isavailable from authorized MTU distributors
22 Identification of API Service ClassificationBelow are examples of American Petroleum Institute (API) certification donuts for the most current diesel engine oilcategories
Figure 1 Examples of API Symbols
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 PlusAPI Service Category FA-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 compliant enginesequipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation of aftertreatment deviceswhile providing complete wear deposit and soot control
API Service Category CK-4 and CJ-4 oils are designed primarily for use with EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17compliant engines equipped with cooled EGR and exhaust aftertreatment devices operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel(ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) These oils are designed with reduced ash and phosphorous content to minimize degradation ofaftertreatment devices while providing complete wear deposit and soot control API CK-4 and CJ-4 oils may also be used inall diesel engines operating with ULSD fuel
API Service category CI-4 PLUS oils were designed primarily for use with 2002 EPA emission compliant engines equippedwith cooled EGR operating on Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (below 500 ppm) These oils are formulated with higher ashand phosphorus content and were not intended for use in engines with aftertreatment devices Their use in EPA07 enginesmay cause premature aftertreatment filter plugging
There is a subtle but important difference between oils meeting the API CI-4 and the API CI-4 PLUS service categoryShortly after their inception the API CI-4 category requirements were modified for improved soot handling and shearstability An engine oil formulation that meets the modified requirements would qualify for API CI-4 PLUS Due to their
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 5DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
superior performance in EGR-equipped engines without aftertreatment devices Detroittrade recommends only CI-4 PLUS oilsDetroittrade does not recommend the use of oils that only meet the CI-4 service category
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids SpecificationIn 2005 Detroittrade issued its first listing of approved oils based on Detroit Fluids Specification These specificationsrepresented an enhanced performance level beyond the industry-based service category system Oils meeting thesespecifications undergo additional review of performance claims include added performance requirements for Detroittradeinternational family of engines compared to API certified engine oils The added confidence in performance of these oilsallows Detroittrade customers to maximize oil drain intervals and engine service life beyond those permitted with industry-based engine oils Refer to section Oil Drain Intervals
Three Detroittrade approved oil specifications exist for different applications The list of oils meeting these specifications maybe viewed as follows
1 Go to dtnaconnectcom (public side no login required)2 Select the Lubricants Fuels amp Coolants link3 Select the DFS ENGINE OIL APPROVAL LIST link4 Select the Detroit Fluids Specification link for the intended application
Table 1Approved Detroit Fluids Specification
Specification Engine Model Year Fuel Sulfur ppm Intended Application
93K223 EPA10GHG14GHG17
Ultra Low Sulfur lessthan 15
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA10GHG14GHG17 operating onULSD fuel These oils are similar to API FA-4
93K222EPA0710GHG14
GHG17Series 60 MBE4000
MBE900
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CK-4
93K218
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CJ-4
93K214
EPA04 and Older
Low Sulfur less than500
Cooled EGR-equipped engines withoutaftertreatment devices or any engine operating onLow Sulfur fuel These engines meet 2002 to 2006model year emission requirements These oils are
similar to API CI-4 PLUS
EuroIV EuroV DD13DD15 DD16
93K215 EPA98 and Older High Sulfur less than5000
Non-EGR-equipped engines operating on fuelbelow 5000 ppm sulfur fuel These oils are similar
to API CH-4
25 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken during cold weather To protect your engine special cold weather handling is required forfuel engine oil coolant and batteries
NOTICE To avoid engine damage DO NOT use any type of aerosol spray eg ether starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in starting the engine
For EPA07 engines with a grid heater
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
6 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
WARNING BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater
The engine does not require starting aids down to 10degC (50degF) Temperatures below -20degC (-4degF) will require a block heaterand oil pan heater
26 Monograde OilsMonograde oils irrespective of API service category should not be used in any Detroittrade four-cycle engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 7DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
superior performance in EGR-equipped engines without aftertreatment devices Detroittrade recommends only CI-4 PLUS oilsDetroittrade does not recommend the use of oils that only meet the CI-4 service category
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids SpecificationIn 2005 Detroittrade issued its first listing of approved oils based on Detroit Fluids Specification These specificationsrepresented an enhanced performance level beyond the industry-based service category system Oils meeting thesespecifications undergo additional review of performance claims include added performance requirements for Detroittradeinternational family of engines compared to API certified engine oils The added confidence in performance of these oilsallows Detroittrade customers to maximize oil drain intervals and engine service life beyond those permitted with industry-based engine oils Refer to section Oil Drain Intervals
Three Detroittrade approved oil specifications exist for different applications The list of oils meeting these specifications maybe viewed as follows
1 Go to dtnaconnectcom (public side no login required)2 Select the Lubricants Fuels amp Coolants link3 Select the DFS ENGINE OIL APPROVAL LIST link4 Select the Detroit Fluids Specification link for the intended application
Table 1Approved Detroit Fluids Specification
Specification Engine Model Year Fuel Sulfur ppm Intended Application
93K223 EPA10GHG14GHG17
Ultra Low Sulfur lessthan 15
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA10GHG14GHG17 operating onULSD fuel These oils are similar to API FA-4
93K222EPA0710GHG14
GHG17Series 60 MBE4000
MBE900
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CK-4
93K218
Recommended for all four-cycle Detroittrade enginesincluding with and without an aftertreatment
system EPA0710GHG14GHG17 and older(including legacy engines) operating on ULSD fuel
These oils are similar to API CJ-4
93K214
EPA04 and Older
Low Sulfur less than500
Cooled EGR-equipped engines withoutaftertreatment devices or any engine operating onLow Sulfur fuel These engines meet 2002 to 2006model year emission requirements These oils are
similar to API CI-4 PLUS
EuroIV EuroV DD13DD15 DD16
93K215 EPA98 and Older High Sulfur less than5000
Non-EGR-equipped engines operating on fuelbelow 5000 ppm sulfur fuel These oils are similar
to API CH-4
25 Cold Weather OperationSpecial precautions must be taken during cold weather To protect your engine special cold weather handling is required forfuel engine oil coolant and batteries
NOTICE To avoid engine damage DO NOT use any type of aerosol spray eg ether starting fluid or brakecleaner to aid in starting the engine
For EPA07 engines with a grid heater
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
6 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
WARNING BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater
The engine does not require starting aids down to 10degC (50degF) Temperatures below -20degC (-4degF) will require a block heaterand oil pan heater
26 Monograde OilsMonograde oils irrespective of API service category should not be used in any Detroittrade four-cycle engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 7DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
WARNING BODILY INJURY
To avoid injury from an explosion do not use ether or starting fluid on engines equipped with amanifold (grid) heater
The engine does not require starting aids down to 10degC (50degF) Temperatures below -20degC (-4degF) will require a block heaterand oil pan heater
26 Monograde OilsMonograde oils irrespective of API service category should not be used in any Detroittrade four-cycle engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 7DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional InformationSelection of lubricating oil that meets the proper criteria is necessary for proper engine lubrication Additional informationwhich may be used to select an appropriate engine oil are provided in the following sections
32 SAE Viscosity Grade SelectionViscosity is a measure of an oilrsquos resistance to flow at various temperatures The SAE Viscosity Grade system is defined inSAE Standard J300 that designates a viscosity range with a grade number Lubricants with two grade numbers separated by aldquoWrdquo such as 15W-40 are classified as multigrade while those with a single number are monograde The higher the numberthe higher the viscosity
The viscosity requirements associated with each SAE viscosity grade are listed in Table SAE Viscosity Grades for EngineOils (SAE J300) This information is important in selecting the best viscosity grade for the anticipated ambient temperaturerange at which the engine will start and operate Use it only as a guideline since actual operating conditions of the enginemay determine the lowest practical temperature at which an engine will start and operate Note that grades designated with aldquoWrdquo are required to meet both low temperature and high temperature viscosity requirements
Table 2 SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils (SAE J300)
SAE ViscosityGrade
Viscosity (cP) at Temp (degC) Max Viscosity (cSt) SAE ASTM D 445 (100degC) High TemperatureHigh Shear Rate
Visc 150degC amp 105sec
Cranking ASTM D5293
Pumping ASTM D4684
Min Max
0W 6200 at -35 60000 at -40 38 mdash mdash
5W 6600 at -30 60000 at -35 38 mdash mdash
10W 7000 at -30 60000 at -30 41 mdash mdash
15W 7000 at -20 60000 at -25 56 mdash mdash
20W 9500 at -15 60000 at -20 56 mdash mdash
25W 13000 at -10 60000 at -15 93 mdash mdash
20 mdash mdash 56 93 gt26
30 mdash mdash 93 125 gt29
40 mdash mdash 125 163 gt37
50 mdash mdash 163 219 gt37
60 mdash mdash 219 261 gt37
For standard temperature limits of each viscosity grade see the following figure
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
8 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Figure 2 Operating Ranges for Viscosity Grades
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear ViscosityHigh TemperatureHigh Shear (HTHS) viscosity is measured at 150degC (302degF) under shear stress conditions similar to verythin film lubrication areas such as those found at the piston ring-to-cylinder wall interface The value obtained from this testprovides an indication of temporary shear stability of the viscosity index improver used in multigrade oils An HTHSviscosity below 37 cP indicates that the oil will not perform as a 40 grade oil at engine operating conditions
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base NumberSulfated ash is a lubricant property measured by a laboratory test (ASTM D 874) to determine the potential for formation ofmetallic ash The ash residue is related to the oil additive composition and is significant in predicting lubricants which maycause valve distress cylinder kit scuffing or exhaust catalyst plugging under certain operating conditions API FA-4 CK-4and CJ-4 approved oil cannot exceed 10 wt of sulfated ash and CI-4 PLUS approved oil cannot exceed 20 wt TotalBase Number (TBN) which measures an oil alkalinity and ability to neutralize acid using a laboratory test (ASTM D 2896 orD 4739) is related to sulfated ash level and plays an important role in controlling deposits in four-cycle diesel enginesTypically a quality engine oil will have a fresh TBN over 80 mg KOHg per ASTM D 2896
35 Universal OilsUniversal oils are designed for use with both gasoline and diesel engines and provide an operational convenience in mixedengine fleets These products are identified with combination API category designations such as CK-4SN Although suchproducts can be used in Detroittrade engines (provided they satisfy all Detroittrade requirements) their use is not as desirable aslubricants formulated specifically for diesel engines and having API FA-4 CK-4 and CJ-4 designations When selecting auniversal oil select one with the ldquoCrdquo category first as this should be primarily intended for diesel service
36 Synthetic OilsSynthetic oils may be used in Detroittrade engines provided they are approved by a Detroit Fluids Specification The use ofsynthetic oils does not necessarily ensure the extension of the recommended oil drain intervals beyond the limits
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 9DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSDEngine oils specified in Table Approved Detroit Fluids Specification for the appropriate engine emissions certification andfuel sulfur level are preferred for all Detroittrade engines operating in regions not using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Ifthese lubricants are not available lubricants meeting European ACEA E4 or E7 may be used at the specified oil drainintervals Oils of lower performance may only be used at a 50 oil drain interval reduction Refer to section Oil DrainIntervals
38 Typical PropertiesListed in the table below are the typical chemical and physical properties of a lubricating oil marketed today This table is forinformation purposes only It should neither be construed as being a specification nor used alone in selection of an enginelubricant
Table 3Typical Properties of Detroittrade Recommended Engine Oil
Pour Point degC Max -23degC (-9degF) -23degC (-9degF) -30degC (-22degF) -30degC (-22degF)
Flash Point degC Min 215degC (419degF) 215degC (419degF) 205degC (401degF) 205degC (401degF)
Sulfated Ash Mass 20 Max 10 Max 10 Max 10 Max
Sulfur ppm 4000 ndash 8000 4000 Max 4000 Max 4000 Max
39 The Use Of Supplemental AdditivesLubricants meeting Detroit Fluids Specification outlined in this publication contain a carefully balanced additive treatmentThe use of supplemental additives such as break-in oils top oils graphitizers and friction-reducing compounds in these fullyformulated lubricants are not necessary and can upset the oil formulation causing a deterioration in performance Thesesupplemental additives may be marketed as either oil treatments or engine treatments and should not be used Their use willnot void your Detroittrade product warranty however engine damage resulting from the use of such materials is not coveredThe use of such additives is at the customers risk Detroittrade will not provide statements relative to their use beyond thispublication
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine OilTo ensure continuing quality of engine oil purchased in bulk quantities procurement specifications should include arequirement that the supplier follow API Recommended Practice 1525 for handling bulk engine oils This voluntary practicecontains guidelines for quality control tracking within the suppliers process In addition customers are advised to obtain acontrol sample to be used as a reference for acceptance of bulk shipments
311 Recycled Re-Refined OilsDetroittrade favors the recycling of waste oil and permits the use of rerefined oils in all engine product lines provided thererefined oil meets the SAE Viscosity and API specifications previously mentioned Several processes are used to rerefine oilThe only true rerefining process is one which treats the used oil as a crude oil subjecting it to the same refinery processes
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
10 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
normally used for geological crude such as dehydration vacuum distillation and hydrogenation Waste oil provides a moreconsistent feedstock compared to the geological crudes that a refinery typically processes As a result the finished oil shouldalso be consistent in properties and quality
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 11DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD131516 Heavy Duty On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 4DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K223 (FA-4) Approved OilsEPA07 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul(gt 70 mpg)
Long Haul(60 to 69 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD1365000 miles (105000km)
55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD1575000 miles (121000km)
60000 miles (97000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km)or 1000 hours or one year
35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
DD16Not Applicable 55000 miles (89000 km) 40000 miles (64000 km)
or 1000 hours or one year35000 miles (56000 km)or 750 hours or sixmonths
Efficient Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers)and average greater than 7 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation and minimum idle
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage between 6 and 69 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
12 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 5DD13 DD15 DD16 Extended Drain Intervals with ULSD Fuel
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
Service Application Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable 50000 miles (80000 km)or 1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km)or 895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km)or 640 hours or 6 months
Efficient Long Haul Not Applicable
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for GHG17 DD5 DD8 Medium Duty On-Highway engines listed in the tables below are based onengines operating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218 approved oil API FA-4CK-4 or CJ-4 certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals Theseintervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 6Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD5 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 120 mpg
Short Hauldagger101 to 119 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 100 mpg
DD5 50000 miles (80000 km) 45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 18 Months
35000 miles (56000 km) or1000 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 120 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that ismostly freeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 101 and 119 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 100 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 13DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 7Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for DD8 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K223 DFS 93K222 or DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Engine Series Long Haulgt 85 mpg
Short Hauldagger65 to 85 mpg
SevereDaggerlt 65 mpg
DD8 60000 miles (96000 km) 55000 miles (88000 km) or 18Months
45000 miles (72000 km) or1500 Hours or 12 Months
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) and averagegreater than 85 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostlyfreeway mileage interstate transport and any road operation with high annual mileage
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) and average between 65 and 85 miles pergallon and operate under normal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areaslocal transport with infrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
DaggerSevere service applies to vehicles that average below 65 miles per gallon or that operate under severe conditions Examples of SevereService are idle time over 40 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulation constantexposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation or farmoperation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as Severe Service
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or CanadaThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the tables below are based on engines operating in specific regions with orwithout Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 approved oil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit FluidsSpecification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and shouldnot be exceeded
Table 8 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 andDFS 93K218 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra LowSulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils forSpecific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
EPA07EPA10GHG14GHG17 Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) Approved Oils
ServiceApplication gt
Efficient Long Haul Long Haul(gt 60 mpg)
(gt 255 km liter)
Short Hauldagger(51 to 59 mpg)
( 213 to 255 km liter)
SevereDagger(lt 50 mpg)
(lt 213 km liter)Engine Series
DD13 DD15 DD16 Not Applicable
50000 miles(80000 km) or1280 hours
35000 miles (56000 km) or895 hours or 1 year
25000 miles (40000 km) or640 hours or 6 months
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 60 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
daggerShort Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
DaggerSevere applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon or thatoperate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs to be met to categorizean application as Severe Service
Whichever comes first
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
14 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 9 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia usingLow Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214Approved Oils for Specific Regions Outside Of US Canada and Australia using Low Sulfur Diesel (LSD) fuel (500 ppm maximum)
EuroIV Using DFS 93K222(CK-4) or DFS 93K218(CJ-4) or DFS 93K214(CI-4 PLUS) Approved Oils
Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
DD13 DD15 DD16 (Outside of US Canada and Australia)including Central and South America and Mexico 40000 km
Table 10 Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids SpecificationDFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)Australia Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS93K222 and DFS 93K218 ApprovedOils using Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm)
Australia Oil Drain Intervals for DD13 and DD15 Engines
Oil Type lt 12 kmL 12 to 18 kmL gt 18 kmL
DFS 93K218 (CJ-4) 25000 km or(500 hours)
30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
DFS 93K222 (CK-4) 30000 km or(575 hours)
40000 km or(640 hours)
60000 km or(750 hours)
Fuel Economy represents overall fuel economy (including idle time)Whichever comes first
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit RecommendationsChanging engine oil and filters at regular recommended intervals removes contaminants in the oil and filter and replenishesexpendable oil performance additives The extension of oil change intervals necessitates that an engine can tolerate increasedlevels of contaminants such as soot dirt oxidation wear metals fuel residues and water Extending oil filter change intervalsrequires that filters have sufficient increased capacity to continue collecting these contaminants at a sufficient rate to protectthe engine The engine oils must be formulated with additives capable of extended performance for wear oxidationdispersency detergency and filterability
While the extension of oil drain intervals can provide owners and operators of diesel-powered equipment a cost savings inmaterials (oil and filters) maintenance-related downtime and waste disposal there can be a significant reduction of enginelife to overhaul Currently marketed engine oils and filters are not designed to operate at extended service intervalsThese products meet performance requirements of standardized industry tests that are intended to predict actualengine operation under the conditions of standard service intervals
451 Guidance for Oil Drain IntervalsDetroittrade recognizes the desire by some fleets to maximize oil drain and filter change intervals beyond those listed in
And while Detroittrade has no formal program to extend these intervals it will assist fleets in an advisory capacity to minimizeequipment risks Before a fleet embarks on an extended oil drain interval program Detroittrade recommends
bull The fleet reviews its current maintenance program to ensure oil changes are performed properly and on time A missed oildrain interval during an extended oil drain interval program will create a significant risk to the equipment
bull The fleet reviews the severity of the operation High idling intervals high load factors and chronic mechanical problemsare not conducive to extending the oil drain intervals
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 15DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
bull The fleet selects oil and filter suppliers who have the expertise and products to support the goals of such a program Theymay include a field test results demonstration formal program for extending oil and filter changes and a warrantycovering failure of their products in this service which results in a premature engine wear-out or failure
Fleets are encouraged to review any drain extension program with Detroittrade before initiating the program While Detroittradewill not provide approvals for these programs they will provide feedback on the risk assessment
Extending oil drain intervals will not void the Detroittrade product warranty In the event of engine failure or premature wear-out when running extended oil and filter change intervals Detroittrade will make a determination as to the extent if any thattheir workmanship and materials were responsible If Detroittrade determines that the failure or early wear-out was related toworkmanship or materials warranty coverage of the repairs will apply If the engine fails or wears out within the Detroittradewarranty period and Detroittrade determines it was the result of extending the oil drain intervals any claim for reimbursementof expenses under the terms of the engine warranty will be denied
46 Used Lubricating Oil AnalysisDetroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis or used-oil analysis program is recommended for all engines Oil analysis consists oflaboratory tests to indicate conditions of the engine andor the lubricant The ldquoWarning Limitsrdquo are listed in Table ldquoSingleSample Used-Oil Analysis Warning Limitsrdquo Oil analysis cannot completely assess the lubricating oil and should not be usedto maximize oil drain intervals Change oil immediately if contamination exceeds warning limits listed below
Infrared spectroscopy (ASTM E 168DIN 51452) may also be used provided it is calibrated to be equivalent to the TGA method
dagger With Detroit Fluids Specification approved oils
Dagger These are general limits Wear metal limits must be determined for specific application and oil used
sect Results may exceed limits during engine break-in period see Refer to section Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period for moreinformation
NOTE These limits are intended as guidance when a single oil sample is tested and are based on the normal oil drain intervals listed inTable Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 using Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel Actual limits are dependent on engine application drain interval and oil type
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
16 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains copper (Cu) levels may exceed the specified limits Under normal operating conditionscopper may leach from the oil cooler in new engines until the entire copper surface is passivated which normally occurswithin the first oil drain In DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines copper levels may reach as high as 500 ppm during the first oilchange with no adverse effects Copper levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specifiedlimits until after the third oil drain
DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16
Within the first three oil drains potassium (K) and aluminum (Al) levels may also exceed the specified limits Under normaloperating conditions brazing flux compound containing potassium and aluminum may leach from the Charge Air Cooler andbe introduced into the engine oil through the air intake system In the DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 enginespotassium levels may reach as high as 300 ppm during the first oil change with no adverse effects Potassium from brazingflux may be perceived as a coolant leak at these levels During the first three oil drains only sodium (Na) should be used asan indicator for potential coolant leaks Aluminum levels during the first three oil drains may reach as high as 150 ppmPotassium and aluminum levels should reduce with each oil change but may not remain below the specified limits until afterthe third oil drain
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 17DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain IntervalsDuring use engine lubricating oil undergoes deterioration from combustion by-products and contamination by the engine Inaddition certain components in a lubricant additive package are designed to deplete with use For these reasons regardless ofthe oil formulation regular oil drain intervals are required
NOTE The use of oil sampling and analysis to validate all drain intervals is highly recommended To confirm oildrain intervals use Detroittrade Genuine Oil Analysis with Total Base Number Part Number 23520989
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for the Series 60 and MBE 4000 On-Highway engines listed in the table below are based on enginesoperating with Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo table with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals shouldbe considered as maximum and should not be exceeded
Table 12Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change for Series 60 MBE 4000 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service ApplicationLong Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
Series 60 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 20000 (32000 km) 500 h or 6monsect
15000 miles (24000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
MBE 4000 EPA07 30000 miles (48000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
10000 miles (16000 km) 300 hor 3 monsect
Long Haul (over-the-road transport) service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 kilometers) andaverage greater than 6 miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
dagger Short Haul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000-60000 miles (48000-96000 kilometers) and average between 51and 59 miles per gallon
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 miles per gallon orthat operate under severe conditions Severe service also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditions needs be met tocategorize an application as Severe Service
sect Whichever comes first
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway EnginesThe oil drain intervals for EPA07 MBE 900 On-Highway engines listed in Table Maximum Oil Drain and Filter ChangeIntervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 Approved Oils with ULSD Fuelare based on engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) meeting the properties listed in Table ldquoDiesel FuelPropertiesrdquo with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218 approved oil API CK-4 and CJ-4 certified oilthat is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used at reduced drain intervals These intervals should be consideredas maximum and should not be exceeded
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
18 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 13Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for MBE 900 using Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 and DFS 93K218
Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Long Haul Short Haul dagger Severe Dagger
Engine Series
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km) 15000 miles (24000 km) 500 hor 6 monsect
6000 miles (9600 km) 250 h or3 monsect
Long Haul service (over-the-road transport) applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 60000 miles (96000 km) with minimal citystop-and-go operation Examples of Long Haul service are regional delivery that is mostly freeway mileage interstate transport and anyroad operation with high annual mileage
dagger ShortHaul service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 60000 miles (96000 km) or with a load factor over 45 and operate undernormal conditions Examples of Short Haul service are operation primarily in cities and densely populated areas local transport withinfrequent freeway travel or a high percentage of stop-and-go travel
Dagger Severe service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 km) or that operate under severe conditions Examplesof Severe Service are idle time over 35 load factor over 55 operation on extremely poor roads or under heavy dust accumulationconstant exposure to extreme hot cold salt-air or other extreme climates frequent short-distance travel construction-site operation cityoperation (fire truck or garbage truck) or farm operation Only one of these conditions needs be met to categorize an application as SevereService
sect Whichever comes first
NOTE Load factor and idle time values must be based on DDEC reports that accurately represent the current service application
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000Engines
The oil drain intervals for Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 pre-2007 engines listed in the table below arebased on On-Highway engines operating with ULSD fuel (below 15 ppm) with Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 API licensed CK-4CJ-4CI-4 PLUS oil These intervals should be considered as maximumand should not be exceeded If operating in regions where ULSD is not available then these intervals will apply as long as theproper oil quality per table API Symbol Four-Cycle Engine Oils is utilized
Table 14Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 MBE 4000 Engines Using Detroit Fluids
Specification Approved Oils with ULSD Fuel
Service Application Engine Series Oil Drain Interval
Highway Truck Motor Coach
50 55 60 15000 miles (24000 km)
MBE 900 20000 miles (32000 km)
MBE 4000 25000 miles (40000 km)
City Transit Coach50dagger 55 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
50Dagger 3000 miles (4800 km)
Fire Fighting Crash Rescue 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km) 300 h or 1 yrsect
Pick-Up amp Delivery50 12000 miles (19200 km)
MBE 900 15000 miles (24000 km)
Stop amp Go Short Trip 50 60 6000 miles (9600 km)
The oil drain interval for engines with EGR can be increased to 22500 miles (36200 km) if the oil used is Detroit Fluids Specification93K218 or 93K214 approved
dagger All models except 6047MK1E
Dagger Model 6047MK1E
sect Whichever comes first
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 19DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSDThe oil drain intervals for the engines listed in the table below are based on engines operating in specific regions not usingUltra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) with a Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS 93K218 and DFS 93K214 approvedoil API CK-4CJ-4CI-4 Plus or equivalent certified oil that is not Detroit Fluids Specification approved may be used atreduced drain intervals These intervals should be considered as maximum and should not be exceeded Oil drain intervals arebased on duty cycle and may need to be reduced depending on customer operation and application
Table 15 Maximum Oil Drain and Filter Change Intervals for Detroit Fluids Specification DFS 93K222 DFS93K218 and DFS 93K214 Approved Oils for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
Oil Drain Intervals
Service Application Engine Series Region Oil Drain Interval
Stop amp Go Short Trip Dagger MBE 900 MBE 4000 S60(pre-2007)
9600 km 250 hrs or 3 mon sect
dagger Highway Truck service applies to vehicles that annually travel more than 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) and average greater than 51miles per gallon with minimal city stop-and-go operation
Dagger Stop amp Go Short Trip service applies to vehicles that annually travel up to 30000 miles (48000 kilometers) or average less than 5 milesper gallon or that operate under severe conditions Stop amp Go Short Trip also applies to RV applications Only one of these conditionsneeds be met to categorize an application as Stop amp Go Short Trip
sect Whichever comes first
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway EnginesTo determine alternate oil drain intervals for those listed in the following table and figure
NOTE The oil drain interval are based on engine hours and fuel consumption
Figure 3 Oil Drain Interval in Hours for Pre-2007 MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
20 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel FuelThe quality of fuel used is a very important factor in obtaining satisfactory engine performance long engine life andacceptable exhaust emission levels For EPA07 EPA10 GHG14 and GHG17 exhaust compliant engines equipped withexhaust aftertreatment devices the use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel (15-ppm 00015 wt) is critical to thefunction and service life of these devices Use of this fuel in pre-2007 engines will provide cleaner combustion less soot andfewer fuel-related deposits ULSD fuel is recommended by Detroittrade for use in Series 60 Series 50 Series 55 MBE 900MBE 4000 DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and SelectionAll DD Platform engines are designed to operate on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel For optimal fuel systemperformance Detroit Diesel recommends Top Tier Diesel (see figure below)
For optimum engine operation and maximum service life diesel fuels meeting the property requirements listed in the tablebelow are recommended for use
NOTE When prolonged idling periods or cold weather conditions below 0degC (32degF) are encountered theuse of 1-D fuel is recommended However note that transit coach engines are emission certified on eitherNo 1 or No 2 Diesel fuel To maintain emission compliance only use the correct certified fuel
NOTE Please note that biodiesel fuel blended above B5 is not permissible in DD Platform or MBEengines
NOTE Raw Vegetable Oil and similar triglycerides are not permissible in all DETROITtrade or MBE enginesas a blendstock additive or contaminant
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 21DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 16DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
Biodiesel Content (VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5
API Gravity at 60degF D 287 ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33
Maximum 43 38
Specific Gravity gml 60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830
Maximum 0825 0855
Flash Point degCMinimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52
DistillationTemperature degC 90 vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash
Minimum 282
Maximum 338
Cetane numberMinimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash
One of the followingproperties must be
met
(1) Cetane indexMinimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40
(2) Aromaticity volMaximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35
Heat Content netBTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900
Kinematic Viscositymm2S at 40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19
Maximum 24 41
Sulfur ppm (μgg)Maximum
D 5453 D2622GD129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15
mass maximum ndash ndash ndash
mass minimum ndash ndash ndash
Ash mass max D 482 6245 001 001
Accelerated StorageStability mgL max
D 2274 ndash 15 15
Reflectance at 150degC(high Temperature
Stability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70
OperabilityRequirements
Water ppm max ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200
Sediment ppm max ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24
Copper strip corrosionrating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1
6 Diesel Fuel
22 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
DD Platform Family Fuel Requirements
Property ASTM Test Method ISO Test Method No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel
(3 h at a minimumcontrol temperature of
50degC)
ndash ndash
Cloud point degC max D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1
LTFTCFPP degC max D 4539D 6371 EN ISO 5165 EN 116 varies varies
Ramsbottom carbonresidue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash
distillation residue mass max
015 2
Lubricity HFRR 60degC micron max
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460
Conductivity pSm orConductivity Units
(CU) min
D 2624D 4308 ndash 25 25
Acid Number mgKOHg max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01
Oxidation Stabilityhours min
EN 15751EN 14214 EN 15751EN 14214 24 24
Calcium andMagnesium
combined ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001
Sodium andPotassium combined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash
Glyceride Content ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash
NACE Corrosion Test B++ min B++ min
Water CoalescingEffectiveness
minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70
Particle Count ndash ISO 4406 181613 181613
Table 17Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
BiodieselContent
(VV)
D7371 EN 14103 le5 le5 6-20 100
API Gravityat 60degF
D 287 ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 40 33 ndash ndash
Maximum 43 38 ndash ndash
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 23DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
SpecificGravity gml
60degF
1298 EN ISO 3675 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 0812 0830 ndash ndash
Maximum 0825 0855 ndash ndash
Flash PointdegC Minimum
D 93 EN ISO 2719 EN ISO 3679
38 52 52 93
DistillationTemperaturedegC 90
vol recovered
D 86 EN ISO 3405 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 282 ndash ndash
Maximum 338 343 ndash
CetanenumberMinimum
43 47
One of thefollowingproperties
must be met
ndash ndash
(1) Cetaneindex
Minimum
ASTM D 4737 EN ISO 4264 40 40 40 ndash
(2)Aromaticity vol Maximum
ASTM D 5186 EN 12916 35 35 ndash
Heat Contentnet BTUgal
D 4868 125000 - 127300 128500 -130900 ndash ndash
KinematicViscositymm2S at
40degC
D 445 EN ISO 3104 ndash ndash ndash ndash
Minimum 13 19 19 19
Maximum 24 41 41 6
Sulfur ppm(μgg)
Maximum
D 5453D2622G
D129
EN ISO 20846EN ISO 20884EN ISO 13032
15 15 15 15
massmaximum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
massminimum
ndash ndash ndash ndash ndash
Ash massmax
D 482 6245 001 001 001 002
AcceleratedStorage
Stability mgLmax
D 2274 ndash 15 15 ndash ndash
Reflectanceat 150degC
(highTemperatureStability) min
D 6468 ndash 70 70 ndash ndash
6 Diesel Fuel
24 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
OperabilityRequirement
s
Water ppmmax
ASTM D 6304 EN ISO 12937 200 200 200 ppm 200 ppm
Sedimentppm max
ASTM D 2276 ndash 24 24 24 ppm 24 ppm
Copper stripcorrosion
rating max
D 130 EN ISO 2160 No 1 No 1 No 1 No 1
(3 h at aminimumcontrol
temperatureof 50degC)
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Cloud pointdegC max
D 2500 EN 23015 varies1 varies1 varies1 varies
LTFTCFPPdegC max
D 4539D6371
EN ISO 5165 EN116
varies varies varies varies
Ramsbottomcarbon
residue on 10
D 524 EN ISO 10370 ndash ndash ndash ndash
distillationresidue mass max
015 02 02 05
LubricityHFRR
60degC micronmax
D 6079 EN ISO 12156-1 460 460 460 ndash
ConductivitypSm or
ConductivityUnits (CU)
min
D 2624D4308
ndash 25 25 ndash ndash
Acid Numbermg KOHg
max
D664D974 EN 14104 01 01 01 03
OxidationStability
hours min
EN 15751EN14214
EN 15751EN14214
24 24 20 8
Calcium andMagnesiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 2
Sulfated ash D 874 ISO 3987 001 001 001 0020 max
Sodium andPotassiumcombined
ppm
EN 14538 EN 14538 lt1 lt1 lt1 1
Free glycerin D 6584 ISO 3987 ndash ndash ndash 002 (see below)
Total glycerin D 6584 EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 024 (see below)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 25DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Diesel Fuel Requirements for S60 Engines
Property ASTM TestMethod
ISO Test Method Base Specification ASTM D975CANGCSB-3520 or EN 590
Base SpecificationASTM D7467 CAN
GCSB-3522
Base SpecificationASTM D6751 CANGCSB-3524 or EN
14214
No 1 Diesel Fuel No 2 Diesel Fuel B6- B20 B100 Blendstock
GlycerideContent
ndash ndash ndash ndash
Mono ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 08
Di ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
Tri ndash EN 14105 ndash ndash ndash 020
NACECorrosion
Test
B++ min B++ min B++ min ndash
WaterCoalescing
Effectiveness minimum
D 7261 ndash 70 70 70 ndash
621 Fuel LubricityDiesel fuel plays very critical role in the engine fuel injection systems lubrication process The fuel injection system and fuelpump is protected from wear by the fuel Some processes used to desulfurize if severe enough diesel fuel can also reduce thenatural lubricating qualities of the diesel fuel The use of inadequately lubricating fuel would decrease the life expectancy ofthe engine fuel injection systems It is recommended that all fuels used in Detroittrade engines meet the minimum lubricityrequirements listed in the above table Diesel Fuel Specifications Fuels not meeting the lubricity requirements may beadditized to meet them
622 Premium Diesel FuelPremium diesel fuels are not covered by any existing industry specification It is recommended that the customer obtainadditional information from the fuel marketer and compare properties to those listed in the above Tables before using
63 Diesel Fuel PropertiesThe boiling range indicates the temperature range over which the fuel turns to a vapor and is a very important property inconsideration of diesel fuel quality Lower boiling range fuels such as No1 have a higher volatility while fuels such as No2 are of lower volatility and higher temperature boiling range Higher volatility fuels are preferred in conditions of prolongedidling such as city coach applications or in cold temperatures The determination of boiling range is made using ASTM TestMethod D 86 (Distillation) or D 2887 (Gas Chromatography)
631 DistillationAlthough many specifications contain only a partial listing of the distillation results (Distillation Temperature at 90Recovered for example) this is not enough to determine the quality and suitability of the fuel for use in diesel enginesDiesel fuels are blended products which may contain high boiling constituents that can affect combustion Only use fuelswith a minimum 98 recovery by distillation Use the full boiling range as listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications forproper selection
6 Diesel Fuel
26 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
632 95 Boiling PointFuel can be burned in an engine only after it has been completely vaporized The temperature at which the fuel is completelyvaporized is described as the ldquoEnd Point Temperaturerdquo in Distillation Test Method ASTM D 86 Since this temperature isdifficult to measure with good repeatability the fuels 90 or 95 distillation point is often used Detroittrade specifies the 95temperature because it is closer to the end point than the 90 used in ASTM D 975
633 Cetane NumberCetane Number is a relative measure of the time delay between the beginning of fuel injection and the start of combustion Ina cold engine a low cetane number will cause difficult starting and white exhaust smoke until the engine warms up Inengines with charge air cooling a low cetane number fuel may also cause white exhaust smoke during light load operation Aminimum cetane number of 43 is specified for best engine performance However the cetane number alone should not beconsidered when selecting a quality fuel Other properties such as 95 distillation temperature and carbon residue shouldalso be considered
Calculated Cetane Index is sometimes reported instead of Cetane Number Cetane Index is an empirical property determinedmathematically from boiling range temperatures and specific gravity of the fuel whereas Cetane Number is determinedthrough an engine test Additives may be used by the fuel marketer to improve the cetane number however they have noeffect on cetane index Evaluate both properties when selecting diesel fuel The effect of biodiesel fuel on Calculated CetaneIndex is unknown
64 Fuel StabilityIn the presence of air heat and water diesel fuel does oxidize The oxidation of fuel can result in the formation of undesirablegums deposits and sediments These adverse byproducts can cause filter plugging combustion chamber deposit formationand gumming or lacquering of fuel injection system components with resultant reduced engine performance and fueleconomy These adverse byproducts can also have the potential to cause fuel system component failures The following testsare specified for fuel stability
641 ASTM D 2274ASTM D 2274 (Accelerated) measures diesel fuel storage oxidative stability It is a weighed measure of the sediment filteredfrom the fuel after storage Although the results of ATSM D 2274 may vary with actual field storage it does measurecharacteristics in fuels containing no biodiesel that will affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 12 months
642 ASTM D 6468ASTM D 6468 measures high temperature stability It must be run at 150degC (302degF) The results of the test are based on avisual rating of the filter pad by the amount of light reflected from the filter pad A 100 rating is a clean pad while a 50rating is very dirty
643 EN 15751EN 15751 Rancimat Oxidation Stability measures oxidative stability in biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends have loweroxidative stability than 100 petroleum-based diesel fuel For biodiesel blends the test method must be run at 110ordmC with aminimum oxidation induction time of 6 hours This method is capable of measuring characteristics of biodiesel blends thatwill affect fuel storage stability for periods of up to 3 months Due to the lower oxidative stability of biodiesel blends theyare not recommended for use in applications where fuel will not be stored either in bulk containers or in vehicle tanks formore than 3 months
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 27DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and ViscositySince diesel fuel provides cooling of the injection system the temperature of the fuel may vary considerably due to engineoperating temperature As fuel temperature increases fuel viscosity decreases along with the lubrication capabilities of thefuel Maintaining proper fuel temperatures and selecting fuels with the viscosity ranges listed in table ldquoDiesel FuelSpecificationsrdquo will ensure the injection system functions properly
When operating with reduced fuel viscosity or elevated fuel temperatures the injectors will operate at reduced internalclearances As a result dirt and smaller particulate material may cause injector durability concerns Change filters onDetroittrade On-Highway engines to those specified for ldquoSevere Duty Servicerdquo Installing a fuel cooler or operating with fueltanks above half full may also help eliminate the concern
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather OperationAll Diesel fuel contains paraffin waxes which are crystalline in nature containing straight chain (normal alkanes) that willbegin to solidify at low ambient temperatures forming a gel that collects on the fuel filter restricting fuel flow to the engineLow temperature performance of diesel fuel can be characterized by its Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP)and Pour Point
661 Cloud PointCloud Point (CP) is the temperature at which the paraffin wax begins to solidify precipitate from the fuel and the fuel beginsto appear cloudy as measured by ASTM D2500 method The wax formation can be identified with fuel filter problems Thefuel filter and possibly the fuel lines could become clogged with waxes or gels and potentially starve the engine of fuel
The only effective means of lowering a fuels Cloud Point is by blending with No 1 Diesel Fuel Cold Flow Additives aretypically not very effective at lowering the Cloud Point they generally are effective at lowering the CFPP (see below)Although cold flow additives may be effective at improving the cold weather operability of diesel fuel extreme caution mustbe taken not to use too much additive As with any fuel additive excessive use may cause operability problems The best andmost effective means of improving the cold weather operability of No 2 Diesel Fuel is to blend with No 1 Diesel Fuel untilits Cloud Point is equal to or below the expected ambient temperature Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives forfurther information
662 Cold Filter Plugging PointCold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) is the temperature at which the fuel (20 ml) will no longer pass through a wire (45 micron)filter within a given period of time (60 seconds) as measured by ASTM D6371-10 Cold Filter Plugging Point is alwayslower than Cloud Point Diesel fuel can safely operate down to its Cloud Point and in some cases slightly below Operabilityproblems are usually encountered before the CFPP Therefore it is recommended to only use diesel fuel in ambienttemperatures at or above its Cloud Point
After market cold flow additives could help to lower the CFPP However it is important to understand the primary functionof additives is to inhibit the wax particles ability to agglomerate in the fuel helping to prevent filter clogging Overtreatmentof the fuel beyond the manufacturers recommendations could have an adverse effect in the fuel where the anti-gel materialwill clog-up the filter Also the operator should check with the fuel supplier whether the fuel is already winterized by thesupplier before adding any type of cold flow improver additives Refer to section Aftermarket Fuel Additives for furtherinformation
663 Pour PointPour Point is the temperature at which the fuel will no longer flow or eventually turn solid Typically and effectively the pourpoint of fuels can be adjusted with mixing D1 or kerosene
6 Diesel Fuel
28 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contaminationbull Water in diesel fuel leads to storage tank corrosions especially if it shows high alkalinity properties due to salt (such as
Sodium)or if acidic properties arise from low molecular weight acids (such as formic and acetic acid) contamination Italso promotes microbial growth at the water fuel interface (emulsions) if the fuel contains detergent additives Good fuelhandling practices including bulk tank filtration regularly removing the water from the bottom of the storage tank andregular tank cleaning is the best practice to prevent any type of contaminations
bull The presence of sediment in fuel storage tank could cause filter plugging problems and the obstruction of fuel into theengine fuel injection systems
bull Sample water bottoms every six months (including microbial growth)bull Change filters every 3-6 monthsbull Recommended cleaning intervals for fuel tanks are every 2 to 5 years or as needed
Some fuel additives claim temporary benefit when fuel is contaminated with water They are not intended to replace goodfuel handling practices Supplemental fuel additives designed to disperse emulsify or carry the water through the fuel systemshould not be used as they can disable or significantly reduce the efficiency of fuelwater separators resulting in fuel systemcorrosion and deposits Since many fuel additives act as surfactants their effect on the efficiency of fuelwater separatorsshould be evaluated by ASTM D7261 test method which is a quick measurement of roughly how much water passes througha coalescing filter in a single pass Where water contamination is a concern equip the fuel system with a fuelwater separatorand service it regularly
672 Microbial ContaminationDiesel fuel at the refinery location is mostly tolerant to microbial organisms (bacteria and fungi) because of the heatingprocess applied during the production process The problem with microbial contaminations arises as the fuel is releasedthrough the pipeline and reaches to terminals retail stores and storage tanks
The production of ULSD via hydro treating process has created some undesirable consequences to the diesel fuel supplychain The following are some of the major factors contributing to the problems
bull ULSD fuel holds less water (more non-dissolved water) This event has made more free water at the bottom of the tankwhich allows microbial growth more favorable in the fuel
bull Reduction in aromatics content (aromatics were believed to act as effective biocide)bull Reduction in sulfur (500-ppm to 15-ppm) has created more potential microbial growth Again Sulfur was believed to act
as effective and potent biocide in the fuel tanksbull Contaminants such as salts (sodium) organic acid and soaps can now reside at the bottom layer of the fuel (water) which
potentially propagate the growth and reproduction of microorganism The acidic or basic nature of the water layerdrastically increases storage tank corrosion
These undesirable and observable facts can cause several problems The obvious relationship between microorganisms andperformance is fuel filter plugging The bio-slime (green-brown) can coat the filter and can eventually lead to fuel filter lifereduction and fuel starvation
In marine and other environments where microbe growth is a problem a biocide may be used Microbial activity may beconfirmed with commercially available test kits When checking for microbial activity collect fuel samples from the bottomof the fuel tank Follow the manufacturers instructions for treatment Avoid the use of biocides containing chlorine bromineor fluorine compounds since these may cause fuel system corrosion
68 Diesel Fuel StorageDiesel fuel storage tanks are one of the most important pieces of equipment in truck fleet operations as it helps to save timeand finances for the ownership Diesel fuel tanks produced from Monel stainless steel black iron welded steel or reinforced(non-reactive) plastic are considered acceptable materials for use
Maintenance (good housekeeping) practices should play a major role to ensure the quality of the diesel fuel is free ofcontaminants such as water and microbial growth to prevent costly down time due to unexpected repair in the operation
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 29DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
To keep diesel fuel tanks clean and free of contamination the following preventive maintenance should be included at anyoperation
bull Inspection of storage tanks and stored fuel regularly for dirt water and sludgebull Regular fuel filters replacementsbull Establish fuel sampling and testing program for microorganisms and degradation by products Drain and clean tanks with
regular discharge of water bottomsbull Removal of contaminated diesel fuel from problem areas including sludge and other materials
NOTICE Do not use galvanized steel or sheet metal tanks and galvanized pipes or fittings in any diesel fuelstorage delivery or fuel system The diesel fuel will react chemically with the zinc coating forming a compoundwhich can clog filters and cause engine damage
69 Aftermarket Fuel AdditivesDetroittrade engines are designed to operate satisfactorily on a wide range of diesel fuels The regular use of aftermarket fueladditives is not required or recommended due to potential fuel injector system or engine damage Our experience has beenthat such additives increase operating costs without providing benefit Aftermarket fuel additive supplements available atmost retail stores are intended to be added to the fuel by the customer These include a variety of independently marketedproducts which claim to be
Detroittrade recognizes some of the above listed additives may be beneficial in addressing temporary fuel quality issues butthey should not replace proper fuel selection and handling as described in the above sections of the brochure
Should a customer decide that a supplemental additive is temporarily required the following is intended to provide guidanceto the customer in selecting and additive partner evaluating potential safety hazards and deleterious engine effects
bull Choose a fuel additive company with strong technical support both in both the field and laboratory Fuel additivecompanies should be able to test your fuel and show that it is deficient in some way and be able to demonstrate that theirproduct fixes the finding (s) Companies such as Afton Infineum Innospec and Lubrizol may be considered Alternatelychoose an additive supplier that works closely with these companies
bull Review a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or a Technical Product Bulletin carefully for special handling instructionsand hazardous material content
bull Get a detailed compositional analysis from the supplier Ash forming metallic elements and corrosive elements must not bepresent Additives containing calcium barium zinc phosphorous sodium magnesium iron copper and manganese areknown to cause combustion ash deposits that can foul fuel injectors and create deposits which may adversely affectcylinder life Halogenated compounds containing chloride fluoride and bromide are corrosive as are some sulfurcontaining compounds Avoid the use of additives with these components Also avoid language that says all in oneproducts
bull Be sure to ask your additive supplier to explain the proper handling mixing and storage of the additive(s) Be sure tofollow all recommendations made by the additive supplier Improper mixing and storage can negatively affect theperformance characteristics of any additive
bull Many additives act as surfactants evaluate the effect of water separation characteristics on the fuel in combination with theadditive Refer to Table Diesel Fuel Specifications for performance requirements
bull Many commercial diesel fuels today contain performance additives particularly those marketed as premium diesel fuelAny supplemental additive being considered must be compatible with the fuel it is to be used in Evaluate a mixture
6 Diesel Fuel
30 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
containing twice the recommended concentration of additive for compatibility to represent an over dosage condition usingthe tests listed in Table Diesel Fuel Specifications
bull Conduct performance evaluation of a fuel supplemental additive in customer equipment for a minimum of six monthsTesting should be a side-by-side comparison with and without the additive to verify performance claims Testimonials donot guarantee similar performance in all applications
The use of supplemental fuel additives does not necessarily void the engine warranty However warranty and repair expenseswhich are determined by Detroit Diesel or its representative to have resulted from a fuel additive will not be coveredAccompany these products with performance data supporting their merit as well as the manufacturers warranty policy
Detroittrade will not test or verify the performance of any aftermarket additives It will not accept responsibility for the useselection or hazards relating to the use of such products
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not AllowedThe following fuel additives are NOT allowed
bull Used Lubricating Oil - Detroittrade specifically prohibits the use of drained lubricating oil in diesel fuel Used lubricating oilcontains combustion acids and particulate materials which erode injector components resulting in loss of power andincreased exhaust emissions In addition the use of drained lubricating oil will increase maintenance requirements due tofilter plugging and combustion deposits Refer to section Recycled Re-Refined Oils for recommendations on properused oil disposal
bull Gasoline - The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of gasoline in diesel fuelwill reduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures
bull Ethanol - The addition of ethanol to diesel fuel will create a serious fire hazard The presence of ethanol in diesel fuel willreduce the fuel cetane number and increase combustion temperatures Drain and clean tanks that contain such mixtures assoon as possible Detroittrade will not be responsible for any detrimental effects which it determines resulted from the use ofused lubricating oil gasoline or ethanol in diesel fuel
611 Biodiesel 1 General recommendations and guidelinesDetroittrade supports biodiesel as a renewable fuel Biodiesel fuels are mono alkali esters of long chain fatty acids commonlyreferred to as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and are derived from renewable resources through a chemical process calledtransesterification
Detroittrade approves the use of biodiesel fuel blends as follows
bull DD Family of Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull MBE9004000 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 5 are allowedbull S60 Engines - Biodiesel blends up to 20 are allowed
Engines built prior to MY 2004 may contain materials that are not compatible with biodiesel blends Biodiesel blends above5 are not recommended 2
For most recent information go to DTNAConnect (httpsdtnacontent-dtnaprdfreightlinercomcontentdampublicdtna-servicelitddcpdfsLube_Oil_CoolantDetroit_Bio_Fuel_Position_Statementpdf)
612 Fuel Quality Requirements 3bull Petroleum diesel fuel should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Diesel fuel
must meet the appropriate industry diesel fuel specification ASTM D975 CANCGSB-3517 or EN 590 at a minimumbull Biodiesel blendstock should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements before blending Biodiesel
blendstock must meet the appropriate industry biodiesel specification ASTM D6751 CANCGSB-3524 EN 14214 at aminimum
bull Biodiesel blends up to 5 (B5) should preferably meet the Detroit TM B5 fuel quality requirements 5 biodiesel blendsmust meet the appropriate industry B5 specification ASTM D975 CANGCSB- 3520 EN 590
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 31DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
bull Biodiesel blends from 6 to 20 (B6- B20) should preferably meet the Detroit TM diesel fuel quality requirements Up to20 biodiesel blends must meet the appropriate industry B6- B20 specification ASTM D 7467 CANGCSB-3522 at aminimum
613 Additional CautionsFuel Filter plugging may be more frequent with biodiesel blends
bull Biodiesels solvency can clean the fuel system depositing debris in fuel filtersbull Always carry extra fuel filters on-boardbull Synthetic filter media is recommendedbull If choosing to run with biodiesel blends of B6 - B20 change the fuel filters at half the normal maintenance interval
Changing the filters more frequently will ensure that water separation performance is maintained at appropriate levelsbull Fuel filter replacement is not to be covered under Detroit Diesel Warrantybull Secondary fuel system hardware failure attributable to premature fuel filter plugging with biodiesel blends is not covered
under Detroit Diesel Warranty
614 Oxidative Stabilitybull Biodiesel blends are less stable than petroleum diesel fuel and should not be stored for more than three (3) monthsbull Biodiesel blends are not suitable for applications involving low frequency usebull Before parking an engine for an extended time period the fuel system must be purged of all biodiesel blends and flushed
with petroleum diesel fuel
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systemsbull B20 blends are compatible with Detroits aftertreatment devices (DPF and SCR technologies) provided that it meets all
quality specifications listed abovebull Biodiesel blends contaminated with phosphorus alkali (Na and K) or alkaline (Ca and Mg) metals not meeting the
specification limits may lead to premature poisoning and plugging of aftertreatment device
616 Cold performance is worsenedbull Use of biodiesel blends above 5 are not recommended in colder regionsbull The cloud point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) properties of the fuel on the certificate of analysis should be
regularly monitored and compared to expected ambient temperature to be encountered in use Refer to ASTM D975 fortenth percentile minimum ambient air temperatures in the United States
bull Cold flow or anti-gel additives may respond differently to biodiesel blends consult with the fuel supplier to determineactual performance
617 Water contaminationbull Biodiesel is more friendly to water it will not separate as easilybull Water separator efficiency is significantly reduced More frequent changes of fuel coalescers may offset the reduced water
separation efficiencybull ASTM D7261 can be run to determine the fuels water coalescing abilitybull Excessive water contamination may lead to corrosion in fuel system and promote microbial growthbull Fuel injection system failure due to corrosion determined to be caused by use of biodiesel fuel blends will not be covered
by Detroit Diesel Warranty
6 Diesel Fuel
32 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
618 Microorganism growthbull Biodiesel has an increased tendency for microbial growthbull Microbial contamination may cause premature fuel filter plugging andor corrosion in the fuel systembull Laboratory testing for microbial growth is available Fuel samples must be collected from the bottom of the tank (water
layer) to accurately detect the microbes
619 Engine oil analysis is requiredbull Using biodiesel blends may require reduced engine oil drain intervalsbull Biodiesel may accelerate acid formation in the engine oilbull Biodiesel fuel dilution is very harmful to the engine oil and will not evaporate from the engine oil as easily as diesel fuelbull Biodiesel fuel dilution will reduce the oil viscosity and accelerate oil degradation requiring reduced oil drain intervalsbull Used oil analysis is required for the first few oil changes after converting to B20 to check for fuel dilution and to confirm
the proper oil drain interval Detroit Genuine Oil Analysis Program is recommended (pn 23520989)
620 Warranty implicationsbull Detroit Diesel is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required
maintenance services or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroit Diesel-recommendedspecifications Performance of required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are theresponsibility of the owner For full details see the engine operators guide for your engine
bull Using biodiesel blends does not automatically void Detroit Diesels warranty However any failure includingaftertreatment devices and fuel injection system failures determined to be caused by biodiesel blends not meeting therequirements documented in this publication will not be covered by Detroit Diesel warranty
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 33DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
7 Filtration
71 FiltrationFilters make up an integral part of fuel and lubricating oil systems Proper filter selection and maintenance are important tosatisfactory engine operation and service life Use filters however to maintain a clean system not to clean up a contaminatedsystem
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil FiltersFilter performance and test specifications vary between manufacturers These specifications are general in nature and do notreflect the actual performance of Detroittrade genuine filters The user is also cautioned when comparing micron ratingsbetween filter makes Some filter manufacturers may publish results from tests in which the SAE J1858 test procedure wasnot used It is also important to note that capacity and efficiency (micron) ratings should not be the only criteria on which tojudge filter performance Many other important factors including media strength resistance to impulse failures and burststrength often differ greatly between filter makes and should enter into the filter selection process
Finer filtration will generally provide increased engine service life but may require shorter filter change intervals Detroittradespecifies filter performance based on the optimum combination of filter micron rating filter capacity and mechanicalrequirements (assembly integrity)
Biodiesel fuels also have an affect on filter life Refer to section Biodiesel Fuels
Fuel Filter Requirements
bull Engine fuel filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with oil changes or when the Fuel FilterService Lamp activates on the dashboard
bull For maximum life of fuel system components it is not recommended to exceed 100000 miles on engine fuel filters underany condition
bull Currently the Detroit Frame Mounted Fuel Filter and the Davco 485 amp 487 are the only compatible frame mounted fuelfilters approved for use with GHG17 DD13regDD15regDD16reg engines
Oil Filter Requirements
bull Engine oil filters should be changed at recommended service intervals aligning with engine oil changes
712 Supplemental Oil FiltersThe use of supplemental by-pass oil filtration devices are not allowed on DD5 DD8 DD13 DD15 and DD16 engines It isrecommended that the customer use Detroit branded oil filters when ever possible
7 Filtration
34 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 18Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (1 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
S60S50 Detroittrade Genuine FullFlow Oil Filter
98 minimum on23-27micron particles at25 gpm per SAE J1858
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 19Oil and Fuel Filter Minimum Requirements (2 of 2)
Product Description Efficiency Specification Capacity Specification Application Years
MBE 4000 Fuel Filter 693 on 4-6μm 922on 6-8μm 98 on8-10μm 995 on
10-12μm 998 on12-15μm 999 on15-20μm 100 on
gt20μm acc to ISO TR13353
326 g minimum at 25 lpmacc to ISO TR 13353
(116 psid terminaldifferential pressure)
All
MBE 4000 Oil Filter 50 on 21μm 70 on25μm 825 on 30μm
88 on 35μm 90minimum on gt40μm (ISO
4548-12)
100 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
MBE 900 Fuel Filter Primary (in-housing system with main
filter)
300 μm screen Not applicable All
Fuel Filter Main (in-housing system)
90 minimum gt 6micronparticles according to ISO4548-12 (Test report from
Mahlereg Filter Systemdated 17122003
Minimum 75 minutes afterISO 4020 with test flow 75
lph or 34 g after ISO19438 test flow 360 lph
All
80 minimum on5micron 90 minimum
on 6micron 99minimum gt10micron
particles initial efficiencyaccording to ISO 19 438(Test report from Mahlereg
Filter System dated18032005 MFP value
65 + 1 μm)
All
MBE 906926 Oil Filter 85 minimum on gt23micron particles
according to BN 221 independence on ISO 4548
ndash All
MBE 904924 Oil Filter 85 minimum on gt23micron particles
Coalescer Fuel Filter 98 minimum on gt10micron particles
at 291 gpm All
Final Fuel Filter 98 minimum on3-5micron particles
at 449 gpm All
Oil Filter 50 at 19μm (ISO4548-12)
126 g minimum at 125lpm (ISO 4548-12) (254psid terminal differential
pressure)
All
DD5 DD8 Fuel Filter Kit 98 minimum on gt100micron particles
at 291 gpm All
713 Aftermarket Filtration SystemsAftermarket fuel supplemental filtration systems may be used provided they do not replace the factory-installed system orreduce fuel volumes pressures or flow rates delivered to the engine Fuel filters must be properly sized to provide the proper
7 Filtration
36 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
fuel flow to the engine A fuelwater separator if used must be installed between the fuel tank and the inlet side of the enginefuel pump (gt93 water separation at maximum flow per ISO-4020)
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance ProductsRegular and optional Detroittrade genuine service spin-on fuel filters for Series 50 Series 55 and Series 60 Detroittrade enginesare listed in Table Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements Fuel Pro filters are listed below and Sea Proreg marineengine fuel filters are listed in Table Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements Cartridge-type fuel filters are listed in Table CartridgeType Fuel Filter Elements Detroittrade Genuine Lubricating Oil Filters are listed in below as well as Detroittrade GenuineFluid Analysis Kits
Table 20Detroittrade Genuine Spin-On Fuel Filter Elements
Engine Primary Fuel Filter Secondary Fuel Filter
Qty Qty
Series 50 1 1
Series 55 mdash 1
Series 60 (non-EGR 2002 DDEC IV EGR) 1 1
Series 60 (2004 DDEC V EGR amp later) 1 1
NOTE A fuelwater separator assembly may be used in place of the primary filter assembly but not together with it For Series 50 andSeries 60 engines the fuelwater separator filter number is 23535985
Table 21Fuel Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description
Fuel Pro 230
Fuel Pro 232
Fuel Pro 380382
Fuel Pro 40 Mega Filtertrade
Fuel Pro 382 (2004 Series 60 Engine)
Table 22Sea Pro Fuel Filter Elements
Filter Description Micron Rating
Sea Pro 50 100 30
Sea Pro 152 511 15
600 20
Water-in-Fuel Sensor Kit mdash
NOTE The numbers after the Sea Pro name indicate the Gallon Per Hour (GPH) flow capacity of the filter (Does not apply to Fuel Profilters)
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 37DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
Table 23Detroittrade Genuine Fluid Analysis Kits
Part No Description
23515823 Standard Oil Analysis
23517267 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle
23520989 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number
23516922 Fuel Analysis
23521982 Oil Analysis (Canada)
23521983 Oil Analysis with Total Base Number (Canada)
23521984 Oil Analysis with Oil Suction Bottle (Canada)
23516921 Conventional Coolant Test
23523398 LLCELC Organic Coolant Test
7 Filtration
38 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade WarrantyDetroittrade is not responsible for the cost of maintenance or repairs due to the lack of performance of required maintenanceservices or the failure to use fuel oil lubricants and coolants meeting Detroittrade recommended specifications Performanceof required maintenance and use of proper fuel oil lubricants and coolants are the responsibility of the owner For fulldetails see the engine operators guide for your engine
Lubricating Oil Fuel and Filters
All information subject to change without notice 39DDC-SVC-BRO-0001 Copyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines
612 Fuel Quality Requirements
613 Additional Cautions
614 Oxidative Stability
615 Compatibility with Aftertreatment Systems
616 Cold performance is worsened
617 Water contamination
618 Microorganism growth
619 Engine oil analysis is required
620 Warranty implications
7 Filtration
71 Filtration
711 Fuel and Lubricating Oil Filters
712 Supplemental Oil Filters
713 Aftermarket Filtration Systems
714 Detroittrade Genuine Maintenance Products
8 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
81 Statement of Detroittrade Warranty
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental Information
9 Supplemental Information
91 Supplemental InformationSpecifications referred to in this publication and other related information may be obtained by contacting the followingsources
SAE Standards
Society of Automotive Engineers
Technical Publications
400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale PA 15096-0001
wwwsaeorg
ASTM Annual Book of Standards Section 5
100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959
wwwastmorg
API Annual List of Licensees and Other Publications
American Petroleum Institute
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
Directory of Licensees wwweolcsapiorg
DIN Deutsches Institut fuumlr Normung e V (DIN EN)
Burggrafenstraszlige 6
10787 Berlin
Germany
wwwdinde
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 ch de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
wwwisoorg
9 Supplemental Information
40 All information subject to change without noticeCopyright copy 2019 DETROIT DIESEL CORPORATION DDC-SVC-BRO-0001
1 Introduction
11 Trademark Information
12 Introduction
2 Lubricating Oil Requirements
21 Lubricating Oil Requirements
22 Identification of API Service Classification
23 API FA-4 Versus API CK-4 and API CJ-4 Versus API CI-4 Plus
24 Approved Oils mdash Detroit Fluids Specification
25 Cold Weather Operation
26 Monograde Oils
3 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
31 Lubricating Oil Additional Information
32 SAE Viscosity Grade Selection
33 High TemperatureHigh Shear Viscosity
34 Sulfated Ash and Total Base Number
35 Universal Oils
36 Synthetic Oils
37 Lubricant Selection in Regions Not Using ULSD
38 Typical Properties
39 The Use Of Supplemental Additives
310 Purchasing Bulk Engine Oil
311 Recycled Re-Refined Oils
4 DD Platform Oil Drain Intervals
41 Oil Drain Intervals
42 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
43 Oil Drain Intervals for GHG17 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
44 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Outside of US or Canada
45 Oil Drain Intervals Outside of Detroit Recommendations
451 Guidance for Oil Drain Intervals
46 Used Lubricating Oil Analysis
47 Oil Analysis During Engine Break-In Period
5 Legacy Engine Oil Drain Intervals
51 Oil Drain Intervals
52 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Heavy Duty On-Highway Engines
53 Oil Drain Intervals for EPA07 Medium Duty On-Highway Engines
54 Oil Drain Intervals for Pre-2007 Series 60 Series 55 MBE 900 and MBE 4000 Engines
55 Oil Drain Intervals for Specific Regions Not Using ULSD
56 Alternate Oil Drain Intervals for MBE 900 On-Highway Engines
6 Diesel Fuel
61 Diesel Fuel
62 Diesel Fuel Quality and Selection
621 Fuel Lubricity
622 Premium Diesel Fuel
63 Diesel Fuel Properties
631 Distillation
632 95 Boiling Point
633 Cetane Number
64 Fuel Stability
641 ASTM D 2274
642 ASTM D 6468
643 EN 15751
65 Fuel Operating Temperature and Viscosity
66 Low Temperature Operability or Cold Weather Operation
661 Cloud Point
662 Cold Filter Plugging Point
663 Pour Point
67 Fuel Tank Contaminations and Maintenance Practices-Housekeeping
671 Water and Sediment Contamination
672 Microbial Contamination
68 Diesel Fuel Storage
69 Aftermarket Fuel Additives
610 Fuel Additives That Are Not Allowed
611 Biodiesel General recommendations and guidelines