LTE Overview(1)

LTE Overview

Hussein Mounib

December 09

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2009

Agenda

1. Why LTE

2. LTE requirement & characteristics

3. LTE Architecture

3.1.1 eNode-B

3.1.2 RRH

3.2 ePC

4. Conclusion


Why LTE?


LTE

LTE: Long Term Evolution

Also known as:

E-UTRAN (Evolved UTRAN)

Super 3G (Japan)

Evolution of WCDMA/HSPA

3GPP Release 8


UMTS Evolutions

3GPP R5 HSDPA

•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)Based on AMC (QPSK & 16QAM), MAC-hs,

H-ARQ

3GPP R5 3GPP R5 HSDPAHSDPA

•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)Based on AMC (QPSK & 16QAM), MAC-hs,

H-ARQ

3GPP R6 HSDPA/HSUPA

•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)•Up to 5.76 Mbps (DL)

HSUPA aka E-DCH

3GPP R6 3GPP R6 HSDPA/HSUPAHSDPA/HSUPA

•Up to 14.4 Mbps (DL)•Up to 5.76 Mbps (DL)

HSUPA aka E-DCH

3GPP R8LTE

(Long Term Evolution)

•Up to 173 Mbps (DL)•Up to 86 Mbps (UL)

in 20MHzBased on OFDM and

MIMO

3GPP R83GPP R8LTELTE

(Long Term (Long Term Evolution)Evolution)

•Up to 173 Mbps (DL)•Up to 86 Mbps (UL)

in 20MHzBased on OFDM and

MIMO3GPP R5

3GPP R6

3GPP R73GPP R8

3GPP R7HSPA +

•Up to 43 Mbps (DL)•Up to 11.5 Mbps (UL)

3GPP R73GPP R7HSPA +HSPA +

•Up to 43 Mbps (DL)•Up to 11.5 Mbps (UL)


Why LTE? Increase of Data Traffic

A major expansion in traffic volumes over cellular networks will take place as:

The use of mobile Web expands,

Data prices decline,

Usability improves.


Why LTE? Services Evolution

Needs for higher throughputs & lower latency to

enhance legacy services performances,

offer high definition video & high resolution multimedia services,

offer fast multi-user interactive gaming


Why LTE?Enhance performances of 3G HSPA services

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS)

Enables multiple users to receive data over the same radio resource

Efficient approach to deliver content such as Mobile TV

Higher capacity in LTE

VoIP

Better capacity expected with LTE


Why LTE?Reduce cost per subscriber

Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

TCO = CAPEX(Capital expenditure) + OPEX (Operating expense)

Reduce cost per byte

By factor 6 compared to HSPA

Due to network simplification, flat IP architecture and enhanced capacity/spectrum efficiency

NB: The CAPEX and OPEX breakdown varies a great deal depending on Network / country, accounting rules (depreciation)


LTE requirement & characteristics


Requirements for E-UTRAN

Scalable bandwidth :

1.4/1.6, 3/3.2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz

Targeted Peak Throughputs

DL (1TX) : 100Mbps for 20MHz spectrum allocation

UL (1TX) : 50Mbps for 20MHz spectrum allocation

Scaling linearly with the spectrum allocation

Targeted increased of spectrum efficiency vs HSPA

DL : 3-4 times R6 HSDPA for LTE MIMO (2,2)

UL : 2-3 times R6 E-DCH (HSUPA) for LTE (1 Tx,2 Rx)

Ultra low latency

<10ms for round trip delay from UE to server

Reduced call set-up time – Transition time (Idle -> Active) < 100 msec– Transition time (Dormant -> Active) < 50 msec


Requirements for E-UTRAN

High capacity per cell

200 users per cell for 5MHz,

400 users in larger spectrum allocations

Mobility

LTE is optimized for low speeds 0-15km/h, high performance for speeds up to 120km/h, and mobility maintained for speeds up to 350km/h

Efficient support of the various types of services

Co-existence and Inter-working with 3GPP RAT

Handover between 3G & LTE:– Real-Time services < 300ms– Non- Real Time services < 500ms


E-UTRAN Air Interface characteristics

Multiple Access Schemes:

Downlink: OFDMA

Uplink: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) with up to 4 antennas per station

High Order Modulations:

Downlink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Uplink: QPSK, 16QAM

Turbo coding

H-ARQ

Scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 or 20MHz in FDD mode

FDD an TDD modes

Based on OFDMA + MIMOas other next generation mobile

networks (WiMAX, UMB)

Based on OFDMA + MIMOas other next generation mobile

networks (WiMAX, UMB)


LTE + SAE

System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

Enhanced Packet System (EPS)

Network simplification

3 functional entities : – eNode B, – Serving and PDN Gateways (can be

combined into a single physical entity)

IP-based network

Pure packet system

No support for legacy CS voice/data

VoIP

eNode B

LTE S/P GW

IP transportbackbone

Multi-standard User Database

Service IP backbone

MDS

S1

X2

eNode BMME

Applicationservers

Call Server

GGSN

SGSN

RNC

NodeB

C-plane U-plane

eNode B

Network Simplification

C-plane U-plane

S-GWP-GW

MME


LTE vs UMTS/HSPA

QPSK/16QAM/64QAMQPSK/16QAM/64QAMQPSK/16QAMQPSKDL Modulation

PS OnlyPS but Compatible to CSCircuit & Packet

Swiched

Circuit & Packet

SwichedServices

All IPPossibly All IPATM/ Mixed ATM & IPATM/ Mixed ATM & IPTransport

Scalable from 1.4 MHz

to20MHz5MHz5MHz5MHzBandwidth

QPSK/16QAM QPSK/16QAMQPSKBPSKUL Modulation

2x2 - 4X4 MIMO2x2 MIMORx DiversityRx DiversityAntenna Systems

eNode B to ePCNode B + RNC

Or eHSPA Node B

Node B + RNCNode B + RNCNetwork Structure

OFDMA DL

SC-FDMA ULW-CDMAW-CDMAW-CDMARadio Access

LTEHSPA+ (3.75G)HSPA (3.75G)UMTS

(R.99)(3G)


LTE vs UMTS/HSPA

HSPA+

For 20MHz bandwidth

UMTS

DL Peak ThroughputsDL Peak Throughputs

LTE

120ms120ms

30ms30ms

HSPA 60ms60ms 14.4 Mbps14.4 Mbps

384 kbps384 kbps

<10ms<10ms

UL Peak ThroughputsUL Peak Throughputs LatencyLatency

11.5 Mbps11.5 Mbps

5.7 Mbps5.7 Mbps

384 kbps384 kbps

326.4 Mbps (MIMO 4x4)326.4 Mbps (MIMO 4x4)172.8 Mbps (MIMO 2x2)172.8 Mbps (MIMO 2x2)

100 Mbps (no MIMO)100 Mbps (no MIMO)

28.8 Mbps (16QAM+ MIMO 2x2)28.8 Mbps (16QAM+ MIMO 2x2)43 Mbps (64 QAM+ MIMO 2x2)43 Mbps (64 QAM+ MIMO 2x2)

21.6 Mbps (no MIMO)21.6 Mbps (no MIMO)

Only achievable in good radio conditions

86.4 Mbps (64QAM)86.4 Mbps (64QAM) 57.6 Mbps (16QAM)57.6 Mbps (16QAM)


LTE Spectrum Vision

LTE FDD deployable in any of the “3GPP” bands (and more)

2500-2690 MHz (IMT 2000) Worldwide

Likely the only band with 20 MHz of spectrum available for

LTE

Likely to be popular for worldwide roaming / device

availability

900 MHz (GSM)- Europe

Operators are looking to migrate GSM 900MHz to LTE for rural scenarios (coupled

with 2.6 GHz for urban)

2100 MHz (UMTS) - Asia

Initially for Japan, Korea, and maybe Europe

1700/2100 MHz (AWS) Americas

much interest in this band (1700 also for Japan)

470-854 MHz (Digital Dividend) - Mainly Europe

In competition with TV broadcasters and other

technologies, due to larger cell sizes and better in-

building coverage.

2100MHz – Japan/EU1700/2100 – NAR

700MHz – NAR

2500–2690 MHz World900MHz – Europe

1800MHz– Europe & APAC

1900MHz – NAR850MHz – NAR

470-854MHz – Europe(Digital Dividend)450 MHz - Europe

1800 MHz (GSM)- Europe & Asia Pacific

Band not widely used, may see some re-farming, as for

900 MHz

Trials (07-08)2100 MHz

AWS

2009 2009 - 2010 2011 2012

700 MHz Americas

Digital Dividend already decided


2010TODAY

UMTS 2100 MHz GSM

900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

Smooth LTE introduction in existing band, pre-empting a

narrow BW in GSM, 5 MHz carrier in UMTS

GSM 900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

LTE 2600 MHz

Capacity drivenNew spectrum

application, Hot spots , 20MHz possible

GSM 900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

GSM 1800 MHz

1800 MHz900MHz

UMTSGSMLTE

2100 MHz

Free 900 MHz needs for 1800 MHz contiguous coverage, but will provide favorable range

Free 1800 MHz more adapted to hot spots capacity driven

scenario

GSM 900 MHz

GSM 900 MHz

UMTS 2100 MHz

LTE Spectrum – Reuse spectrum or new spectrum deployment


LTE Architecture


SGWSGWeNBeNB

MMEMME

PGWPGW

PCRFPCRF

S11

S1-U S5/S8

Gx

SGi

HSS HSS

Rx

S1-MME

S6a

ApplicationApplicationFunctionFunction

UTRAN

NBNBNB RNCRNCRNCSGSNRel 8SGSNSGSNRelRel 88

S3

Iu-ps

S10

R8 Interfaces

GERAN

BTSBTSBTS BSCBSCBSCGbAbis

Iub

Gr or S6d

S4S12

Control plane

User plane

Anchor of the IP session

Anchor for 3GPP mobility

LTE E2E Architecture OverviewGeneric - interworking interface

E-UTRAN

e-PCUu

Uu••Data ServicesData Services

(e.g., VPN, FTP)(e.g., VPN, FTP)


EnodeB9326 d2U-V2

3.1


EUTRAN Network Architecture

LTE-Uu

LTE-Uu

X2CX2U

X2CX2U

X2CX2U

S1-MME

S1-MMES1-MME

S1U

S1U

S1U

UE

UE

eNB

eNBeNB

MME

ServingSAEGateway

IP Transport Network (IP Cloud)

X2C - X2 Cplane S1U - S1 UplaneX2U - X2 Uplane S1-MME - S1 CplaneAP - Access Point (for IP cloud)

eUTRAN EPC

APAP

AP APAP


EnodeB portfolio

• The Alcatel-Lucent EnodeB is 3GPP-compliant.

• The Alcatel-Lucent EnodeB portfolio includes:

digital base stations

remote radio heads (RRH) or radio modules (TRDU)

base station routers


EnodeB main functions

The EnodeB supports the following main functions:

• Radio Access Network (RAN ) management

• Network interface management including signaling between LTE Core Network components and the EnodeB

• EnodeB radio resources management

• Call processing

• Configuration and supervision

• Synchronization

• Performance monitoring


9326 d2U-V2 hardware components


9326 d2U-V2 functional architecture


Extended Core Controller Module-U (xCCM-U)

Main functions:The xCCM-U aggregates the following functions:• Core Controller (CCM) function:

–part of call processing–data switching and routing–OAM management–EnodeB frequency and timing reference

• Global Positioning System and Alarm (GPSAM) function:–external/internal alarm connectivity–external synchronization reference interface


Extended Channel Element Module-U (xCEM-U)

Main functions:The xCEM-U performs digital signal processing for both the Tx and Rx paths.

The xCEM-U processes all types of LTE physical channel in both the uplink and downlink directions. Processing differs according to the type of physical channels. High-rate data channels require much more processing power than low-rate speech channels.

The architecture of the xCEM-U is well adapted to LTE physical channel diversity.

The xCEM-U hardware supports one frequency and one cell in LA1.1 (extended in

Further releases).

The xCEM-U performs part of call processing.


Rack User Commissioning (RUC) module

Main functions:The RUC module (front and back) provides the following functions:• power filtering• current limitation• commissioning non volatile memories• inventory• fan alarms, control and power supply• -48 VDC connectivityThe back RUC is designed to allow the power supply of the following modules:• up to three xCEM-U(s) (through the RBP)• one xCCM-U (through the RBP)• two fans• one RBP


RRH/TRDU3.1.2


Cabinet front-view


Top view of the RRH


Product capabilities

The product capabilities in this release are:

• Outdoor, -48VDC

• Transmit Power 2Tx at 40W each

• 1 or 2 sector

• Daisy chaining of up to three RRHs.

• Supports up to six user alarms for each RRH

• Support at least 2 LTE carriers at 20 MHz bandwidth

• RRH Mounting:

–pole

–wall

–floor stand

• Front access installation and service

• Bottom I/O panel access


ePC Evolved Packet Core3.2


SGWSGWeNBeNB

MMEMME

PGWPGW

PCRFPCRF

S11

S1-U S5/S8

Gx

SGi

HSS HSS

Rx

S1-MME

S6a

ApplicationApplicationFunctionFunction

UTRAN

NBNBNB RNCRNCRNCSGSNRel 8SGSNSGSNRelRel 88

S3

Iu-ps

S10

R8 Interfaces

GERAN

BTSBTSBTS BSCBSCBSCGbAbis

Iub

Gr or S6d

S4S12

Control plane

User plane

Anchor of the IP session

Anchor for 3GPP mobility

LTE E2E Architecture OverviewGeneric - interworking interface

E-UTRAN

e-PCUu

Uu••Data ServicesData Services

(e.g., VPN, FTP)(e.g., VPN, FTP)


ePC Wiring


ePC organic architecture


LTE Main equipment role


Conclusion


LTE

LTE is defined in 3GPP Release 8

LTE is based on OFDM, MIMO, IP

LTE relies on a simplified architecture network

LTE can be deployed in any 3G bands, with scalable bandwidth

WCDMA/HSPA operators as well as some CDMA operators will evolve to LTE

First commercial deployments in 2010


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LTE Overview(1)

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long term evolution

lte requirement

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reduce cost

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