Alcatel-Lucent LTE Overview[1]

8/6/2019 Alcatel-Lucent LTE Overview[1]

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Long Term Evolution (LTE)Overview

Introduction

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the preferred development path of

GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA networks currently deployed, and an

option for evolution of CDMA networks. This essential evolution

will enable networks to offer the higher data throughput to mobile

terminals needed in order to deliver new and advanced mobile

broadband services.

The primary objectives of this network evolution are to provide

these services with a quality at least equivalent to what an end-user

can enjoy today using their fixed broadband access at home, and to

reduce operational expenses by means of introducing flat IP

architecture.

This brochure presents the drivers for, and the main technical

characteristics of, LTE. It explains Alcatel-Lucent’s LTE solution,

and highlights our strong commitment to, and leadership in, LTE.

Why LTE ?

Improved Quality of Experience & New Services

Although 3G/3.5G technologies such as HSPA/EV-DO deliver

significantly higher bit rates than 2G technologies, they do not

fully satisfy the “wireless broadband” requirements of instant-on,

always-on and multi-megabit throughput. With LTE delivering

even higher peak throughput and much lower latency, mobile

operators (either 3GPP or 3GPP2 based) have a uniqueopportunity to evolve their existing infrastructure to next-

generation wireless networks. As depicted in Figure 1, these

networks will deliver their subscriber’s Quality of Experience

(QoE) expectations in terms of real-time services such as Voice

Over IP, Multi-User Gaming Over IP, High Definition Video On

Demand and Live TV. This will also continue to improve the

quality of delivery for all legacy applications (e-mail, internet

browsing, MMS, etc.).

Figure 1: Mobile Services and Throughput Trends

10Kbps

100kbps

1Mbps

10

Mbps

100Mbps

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

‘Peak rates are the maximum under a perfect RF condition. Actual rates may be much lower depending on RF conditions’

MusicDownload

FileTransfer

High

Resolution

Multimedia

High

Definition

Video

Multi-user

InteractiveGaming

SMS

Voice

G S M G

P R S E D G E U M T S

H S P A

L T E

MMS

Web/Email

MobileTV

VideoStreaming

MBMS

CollaborativeOffice

Applications

10Kbps

100kbps

1Mbps

10

Mbps

100Mbps

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

‘Peak rates are the maximum under a perfect RF condition. Actual rates may be much lower depending on RF conditions’

MusicDownload

MusicDownload

FileTransfer

FileTransfer

High

Resolution

Multimedia

High

Definition

Video

Multi-user

InteractiveGaming

SMSSMS

Voice

G S M G

P R S E D G E U M T S

H S P A

L T E

MMSMMS

Web/EmailWeb/Email

MobileTV

VideoStreaming

MBMS

CollaborativeOffice

Applications

The improved speed and low latency provided by LTE will offer a

much improved end-user experience for all corporate services:

• For applications where data throughput is important - faster e-

mail and file uploads, enhanced VPN connection, high-speed

internet, etc. and;

• For interactive applications where latency is crucial - IMS

based VoIP, mail and file synchronization with an on-line

server, peer-to-peer applications such as “NetMeeting”, SIP

multimedia services including video and voice conference

over IP, application sharing, etc.

In addition to typical corporate applications, we expect anincreased interest from the vertical markets where information

accuracy, reliability and immediacy are key: medical applications

where latency and high resolution imaging are highly important;

machine-to-machine communication where security and

immediacy are crucial; live network based navigation; etc.

The mass market will benefit from improvements delivered by LTE

for all person-to-person and internet community applications:

Push-to-See, improved quality for VoIP, photo and video

downloading / uploading for personal blogs, online gaming,

mobile social networks (such as YouTube, myspace), and “Second

life” type applications etc.

On top of those improvements, LTE will enable the introduction

of new services, such as High Definition Video (or HD TV) andmulti-user interactive gaming:

• HD TV requires between 10 to 20 Mbits/s bandwidth (18

Mbits/s for example with Blue Ray standard), which is higher

than current HSPA capabilities.

• Interactive multi-user gaming is extremely sensitive to latency:

the very low latency offered by LTE (less than 10ms versus

60ms with HSPA) is key for fighting games, car races, or any

action games involving a large number of simultaneous users.

In addition, the higher throughput offered will enable high-

resolution video games.

Lastly LTE will play a key role in the development of N-uple

services at home (IP TV, Internet, telephone, mobile…servicesbundle). We are observing an increasing need for broadband

access at home and the same will apply to mobile services for two

main reasons. Firstly, as subscribers become used to higher speeds

at home, they will require the same quality of service when they are

mobile so as to benefit from a seamless experience. The second

reason is the possibility of offering higher bandwidth in remote

areas where ADSL throughput is no longer sufficient and fibre

may not be economically viable compared with LTE. In those areas

the same LTE infrastructure will deliver mobile services as well as

broadband access at home, bringing economies of scale.



About Alcatel-Lucent

Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) provides solutions that enable service providers, enterprises and governments worldwide, to deliver voice, data and video

communication services to end-users. As a leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP technologies, applications, and services, Alcatel-Lucent offers theend-to-end solutions that enable compelling communications services for people at home, at work and on the move. For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on the Internet:

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com. Copyright © 2008 by Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights Reserved. October, 2008

Capacity Requirements

With the recent introduction of HSDPA and EV-DO Rev A, we

have observed a significant increase in mobile data traffic, with

some operators quadrupling their Packet Switched traffic in one

year. At this growth rate, and with the proliferation of new

applications on the network, cells in hot spots will be quickly

saturated and the network will require densification in these

overloaded areas. This can be delivered by using a higher capacity

solution such as LTE.

To illustrate this mobile traffic growth, Figure 2 provides the yearly

forecast for a typical Mobile Operator in a Western country of 60

million inhabitants.

Figure 2: Mobile Data Traffic Growth

0

1 000 000

2 000 000

3 000 000

4 000 000

5 000 000

6 000 000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Mobile Data Traffic in Gigabits per year (Source : CSFB)

Typical Operator in W-E country of 60 M population

LTE and Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

The Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) enables

multiple users to receive data over the same radio resource. This

creates a more efficient approach for delivering content, such as

video programming, to which multiple users have subscriptions.

However, with HSPA, MBMS does not match the capabilities of

broadcasting and/or broadband wireless technologies (such as

DVB-H or WiMAX). With an OFDM/SC-FDMA (Orthogonal

Frequency Division Multiplex /Single-Carrier Frequency Division

Multiple Access) system, LTE provides the possibility of operating

MBMS in a single frequency network mode where significant

performance gains (up to five times existing capacity) can be

achieved without additional receiver complexity. LTE will

consequently dramatically enhance MBMS, and match DVB-H

and WiMAX, capabilities.

Reducing the Total Cost of Ownership

Another key driver behind LTE is the reduction of the cost per

byte, which is expected to decrease by a factor of six compared with

HSPA today (see Figure 3). This cost reduction is derived from

network simplification, with flat IP architecture and the enhanced

capacity delivered by the new radio technologies implemented by

LTE.

Figure 3: Reduced TCO with LTE

*Source:

Analysis Research, 2006

What Is LTE Technology?

In order to prepare for wireless operator’s future needs and to

ensure the competitiveness of their mobile systems over the next

ten years, a progression of network architecture, as well as an

evolution of the radio interface is required. This is being evaluated

in the 3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE), Long Term

Evolution (LTE) and HSPA Evolution (HSPA+) Study Items. From

a network deployment perspective it is likely that HSPA

enhancements will be introduced first followed by the progressionto a radio interface (LTE).

LTE will allow operators to achieve even greater peak throughputs

in higher spectrum bandwidth, and to benefit from greater

capacity at a reduced cost. Initial deployments are targeted for

2009.

LTE characteristics include:

• Peak LTE throughputs (high spectral efficiency)

− DL: 100 Mb/s SISO (Single Input Single Output);

− 173 Mb/s 2x2 MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output);

− 326 Mb/s 4x4 MIMO; for 20 MHz

− UL: 58 Mb/s 16 QAM

− 86 Mb/s 64 QAM (based on 1 Tx UE)

• Increased Spectrum efficiency over Release 6 HSPA

− DL: 3-4 times HSDPA for MIMO (2,2)

− UL: 2-3 times E-DCH for MIMO(1,2)

• Ultra low Latency

− less than 10 msec for round-trip delay (RTD) from UE to

server

− Reduced call setup times (50-100ms)

− =>wired user experience

• Capacity per cell

− 200 users for 5 MHz, 400 users in larger spectrumallocations

• Flexible spectrum use maximizes flexibility

− 1.4, 3/3.2, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz

− All frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GHz

LTE is being developed by the 3GPP (3rd generation Partnership

Project) standards body that is also responsible for GSM and W-

CDMA. LTE standards are currently being developed and are

expected to be finalized in early 2008.

In order to reach this performance, LTE will make the best use of

the latest technologies on the market. For radio, a new modulation

scheme is being used based on OFDM, and the latest antenna

technologies, such as MIMO will be deployed. For the corenetwork, an IP based network topology will also be introduced to

considerably reduce network complexity.

LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

(OFDMA) on the downlink, which is better suited than W-CDMA

for achieving high peak data rates in high spectrum bandwidth.

On the uplink LTE uses SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency

Division Multiple Access), a technology that provides advantages

in power efficiency and resulting terminal battery life versus a pure

OFDM approach.

UMTS HSPA LTE

Cost per bit Evolution (*)

UMTS HSPA LTE

Cost per bit Evolution (*)



About Alcatel-Lucent

Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU) provides solutions that enable service providers, enterprises and governments worldwide, to deliver voice, data and video

communication services to end-users. As a leader in fixed, mobile and converged broadband networking, IP technologies, applications, and services, Alcatel-Lucent offers theend-to-end solutions that enable compelling communications services for people at home, at work and on the move. For more information, visit Alcatel-Lucent on the Internet:

http://www.alcatel-lucent.com. Copyright © 2008 by Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights Reserved. October, 2008

MIMO refers to a technique that employs multiple transmit and

receive antennas, often in combination with multiple radios and

parallel data streams. This results in numerous data paths

effectively operating in parallel and, through appropriate decoding,

a multiplicative gain in throughput. For example, with a 2X2

MIMO system, a gain of a factor of 2 is expected on the peak

throughput.

LTE also requires new network architecture, with the main

functional entities being: the e-node B on the access side, and the

Serving (S) and Packet Data Network (PDN) gateways and the

Mobile Management Entity (MME) in the core network, as

depicted in

Figure 4.

Figure 4: LTE Architecture

eNode B

3GLTE S/P GW

IP transportbackbone

Multi-standardUser Database

Applicationservers

Service IPbackbone

MD

S

MD

S

S1

X2

eNode B MME

Call Server

LTE is a pure packet system, with no support for legacy circuit-

switched voice/data. This shift allows a significant simplification of

the network, reducing the number of nodes and improving

operational efficiencies. This network simplification also removes

any bottlenecks from the system, ensuring the network

permanently runs at peak efficiency.

Figure 5 shows the impacts of this simplification comparing

traditional UMTS elements and LTE nodes, and provides a

macroscopic mapping of User Plane and Control Plane between

nodes.

Figure 5: UMTS-LTE Node Mapping

GGSN

SGSN

RNC

NodeB

C-plane U-plane

eNode B

EPC - Network Simplification

C-plane U-plane

S-GW

P-GW

MME

In contrast to UMTS architecture, no Radio Network Controller

(RNC) is required: the RNC’s functions are collapsed into the

eNodeB. On the Core network side, the Mobility ManagementEntity (MME) assumes the role of the SGSN for the control plane,

and the serving and PDN gateways ensure the role of user plane,

routing user data traffic to the network edge, replacing the GGSN.

Conclusion

Involved in the early stages of defining 3GPP/LTE specifications,

and benefiting from a broad experience acquired over many years

on wireless and mobile broadband system deployments in similar

technologies, Alcatel-Lucent is in a unique position to propose an

efficient and easy-to-deploy LTE solution from day one:

• Alcatel-Lucent is committed to LTE with early involvement in

3GPP / LTE specifications, leadership in the LTE/SAE Trial

Initiative and has LTE trials planned as early as Q4 2007

(Lab), Field trials in 2008 and Commercial trials in 2009

• Alcatel-Lucent’s technological leadership in LTE is based on

our OFDM know-how with WiMAX, MIMO expertise, and

leadership in the flat IP architecture with Base Station Router

concept.

• Alcatel-Lucent’s smooth LTE evolution from today’s W-CDMA/HSPA networks is based upon our UTRAN

equipment ready to evolve to support LTE and on our strong

relationships with chipset and terminals suppliers.

• Alcatel-Lucent is strongly committed to CDMA operators

willing to implement LTE, by providing a smooth evolution

of their networks to LTE, and by delivering LTE / EV-DO

roaming/interworking from day one.

• The smooth evolution from both CDMA and UMTS is

enabled by a focus on:

− Integrated OAM solutions

− Inter-technology roaming leadership

− Reuse of existing investments i.e. BTS assets

− Multi-standard Base stations

− Integrated transport capabilities

− And more

• Alcatel-Lucent and LGE have engaged a strategic cooperation

on LTE, focused on ensuring networks, devices, and

associated services are in lock-step and up-to-speed for

commercial operation with quality of performance and user

experience assured. Alcatel-Lucent understands a strong

ecosystem is critical to secure & accelerate the launch of LTE.

Jointly with device manufacturers such as LGE, Alcatel-

Lucent has developed ecosystem workgroups and participates

in various multimedia forums to identify the best-in-class

applications aimed at supporting the successful launch of

LTE

• Alcatel-Lucent’s end to end solution for LTE includes, but is

not limited to:

− Access Gateways

− Next Generation Core solutions (IMS)

− Market leading network services

− Application and subscriber data solutions

− IP transport solutions

• Alcatel-Lucent’s value proposition for LTE is comprised of 5

key components as shown in Figure 6 below.

Figure 6: Alcatel-Lucent LTE Value Proposition

4G Leadership (LTE, Wi MAX) Technical leadership

High availability

IP Backbone

AGW

e No de B

MediaGateways

Call

Servers

High availability

IP Backbone

AGW

e No de B

MediaGateways

Call

Servers

Strategic partnership with Appli & Terminal

players to secure LTE Ecosystem (e.g. LGE)

Ecosystem growing beyond traditional devices

Enhanced broadcast solution (#1 in IP TV)

Strong Ecosystem

OFDM know-how with WiMAX

MIMO (We invented it! First proposal 2000)

Flat IP architecture with BSR + # 1 in IP access

Leader in wireless transmission

Common technology

Common R&D

Common platforms

Evolution path from 3GGP/3GPP2 to LTE

Multiple frequency band availability

SDR technology

Seamless H/O with CDMA and Multiple RAT

Smart Evolution

Trials planned as soon as Q4 2007

Leading LTE/SAE TI for early validation

Collaborating with NGMN since 2005

Many approved items in 3GPP

Commitment to LTE

4G Leadership (LTE, Wi MAX) Technical leadership

High availability

IP Backbone

AGW

e No de B

MediaGateways

Call

Servers

High availability

IP Backbone

AGW

e No de B

MediaGateways

Call

Servers

Strategic partnership with Appli & Terminal

players to secure LTE Ecosystem (e.g. LGE)

Ecosystem growing beyond traditional devices

Enhanced broadcast solution (#1 in IP TV)

Strong Ecosystem

OFDM know-how with WiMAX

MIMO (We invented it! First proposal 2000)

Flat IP architecture with BSR + # 1 in IP access

Leader in wireless transmission

Common technology

Common R&D

Common platforms

Evolution path from 3GGP/3GPP2 to LTE

Multiple frequency band availability

SDR technology

Seamless H/O with CDMA and Multiple RAT

Smart Evolution

Trials planned as soon as Q4 2007

Leading LTE/SAE TI for early validation

Collaborating with NGMN since 2005

Many approved items in 3GPP

Commitment to LTE

Alcatel-Lucent LTE Overview[1]

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