Low Cost, Compact Microwave Reflectometer for Non-Destructive Testing Matthew Rangen and Keith Bruno March 3, 2005 Bradley University Department of Electrical.

Low Cost, Compact Microwave Reflectometer for Non-Destructive Testing

Matthew Rangen and Keith Bruno

March 3, 2005

Bradley University

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Overview

• Objective

• Background

• Block Diagram

• Tasks & Schedule

• Current Results• MATLAB• Network Analyzer

• Future Work

Objective

The objective of the project is to determine the reflection coefficient of an unknown load by the use of a six-port network analyzer integrated with a workstation.

Background

The reflection coefficient can be found by knowing a reference signal and sampling selected power outputs in a micro-strip circuit. With these known quantities and using a specific algorithm, the reflection coefficient can be calculated.

Detailed Block Diagram

Tasks & Schedule(previous)

Final Exams6 to11May

Final Report due, Presentation & Final Exams29 to 5April/May

Final Report & Presentation Preparation22 to 28

Verify Operation15 to 21

·8 to 14

System Integration & Testing1 to 7April

··25 to 31

Test 6-Port·18 to 24

Spring Break11 to 17

·Test Programming Code4 to 10March

Fabricate 6-PortIntegrate MATLAB & A/D25 to 3Feb/March

Design & Simulate InterfaceTest Equations18 to 24

·Implement Equations in MATLAB11 to 17

Design & Simulate 6-Port ·4 to 10February

Purchase: Detectors & USB A/D

Simulate & Test 90º Hybrid ·28 to 3Jan/Feb

Design 90º HybridDevelop Calibration& Measuring Equations

21 to 27January

Keith BrunoMatthew Rangen

MATLAB Work

OverallCalibrationFlowchart

Calibration Work

Calibration FlowEquations

€

pi, k = Pi , k /P 4, k

TS , R = pi , k / pi , 5

Γk /Γk

2= ck + jsk

γi = (cj − ck)[(si − sj)(ck − cl) − (ci − cj)(sk − sl)] + (ck − cl)[(sl − si)(cj − ck) − (cl − ci)(sj − sk)]

fn = Tn, k *k=1

4

∑ γk

gn = Tn, k *k=1

4

∑ γk *ck

hn = 2 * Tn, k *k=1

4

∑ γ * sk

en =

(Tn, k −1) *k=1

4

∑ γk

Γk

2

Calibration Work

Calibration Flow Equations Part 2

€

ξ 1 = (gs * hd) − (hs * gd)

ξ 2 = (hs * fd) − ( fs * hd)

ξ 3 = (hs *ed) − (es * hd)

ξ 4 = (gs * fd) − ( fs * gd)

ξ 5 = (gs *ed) − (es * gd)

Mi , j =(ξ 1

2 /2) −ξ 2ξ 3 −ξ 4ξ 5

ξ 22 + ξ 4

2

Ni , j =ξ 3

2 + ξ 52

ξ 22 + ξ 4

2

A4

2= Mi , j − (Mi , j

2 −Ni , j)(1/ 2)

a4 =A4

2*ξ 2 + ξ 3

ξ 1

b4 =A4

2*ξ 4 + ξ 5

ξ 1

Calibration Work

Calibration Flow Equations Part 3

€

Ri , k =Ti , k −1

Γk

2 + Ti , k[ A4

2+ 2 *ck * a4 − 2* sk *b4]

ai =Ri , l(sm − sn) + Ri , m(sn − sl) + Ri , n(sl − sm)

2[cl(sm − sn) + cm(sn − sl) + cn(sl − sm)

bi =Ri , l(cm − cn) + Ri , m(cn − cl) + Ri , n(cl − cm)

2[cl(sm − sn) + cm(sn − sl) + cn(sl − sm)

Ai = ai + jbi

MATLAB Work

MeasureFlowchart

Measurement Work

Measurement Equations

€

Ai = ai + jbi

Fi =(−1)i

2qi[ Aj

2(bk −bl) + Ak

2(bl −bj) + Al

2(bj −bk)]

Gi =(−1)i

2qi[ Aj

2(ak − al) + Ak

2(al − aj) + Al

2(aj − ak)]

Hi =(−1)i

2qi[ Aj

2(akbl − albk) + Ak

2(albj − ajbl) + Al

2(ajbk − akbj)]

Γt =

Fi *Pi , t + ji=1

4

∑ Gi *Pi , t

i=1

4

∑

Hi *Pi , t

i=1

4

∑

6-Port Network Analyzer

MSUBMSub1

Rough=0.0948 milTanD=0.0013T=1.4 milHu=3.9e+34 milCond=5.8E+7Mur=1Er=3.0H=20.0 mil

MSub

S_ParamSP1

Step=1.0 MHzStop=8.0 GHzStart=4.0 GHz

S-PARAMETERS

V_1ToneSRC1

Freq=6 GHzV=polar(1,0) V

RR1R=50 Ohm

TermTerm4

Z=50 OhmNum=4

TermTerm5

Z=50 OhmNum=5

TermTerm3

Z=50 OhmNum=3

TermTerm6

Z=50 OhmNum=6

MLANGLang1

L=9.04 mmS=5.1 milW=3.8 milSubst="MSub1"

Hybrid90HYB3

PhaseBal=0GainBal=0 dBLoss=0 dB

-900

IN ISO

Hybrid90HYB2


-900

IN ISO

Hybrid90HYB4


-900

IN ISO

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

TermTerm1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

Hybrid90HYB1


-900

IN ISO

90° Hybrid

Input Port Output Port

Isolated Port Output Port

}90° phase-shift

difference

90° Hybrid

TermTerm3

Z=50 OhmNum=3

MLINTL16

L=3.2029 cmW=0.127701 cmSubst="MSub1"

MLINTL15


TermTerm4

Z=50 OhmNum=4

S_ParamSP1


S-PARAMETERS

MSUBMSub1


MSub

MLINTL14


TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

MLINTL1


TermTerm1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

MLINTL18


MLINTL2


MLINTL17


MLINTL7


MTEE_ADSTee4

W3=0.211619 cmW2=0.127701 milW1=0.127701 cmSubst="MSub1"

MTEE_ADSTee3

W3=0.127701 cmW2=0.127701 cmW1=0.211619 cmSubst="MSub1"

MTEE_ADSTee2


MTEE_ADSTee1


90° Hybrid Results

4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.54.0 8.0

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

-50

0

freq, GHz

dB(S(1,1))

dB(S(1,2))

dB(S(1,3))

dB(S(1,4))

90° Hybrid Results

Eqn ph=phase(S(1,4))-phase(S(1,3))

m3freq=m3=-272.650

6.000GHz

m4freq=m4=89.996

6.704GHz

m3freq=m3=-272.650

6.000GHz

m4freq=m4=89.996

6.704GHz

4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.54.0 8.0

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

-300

150

freq, GHz

ph

Readout

m3

Readout

m4

Lange Coupler

Coupled Port

Through Port

Input Port

Isolated Port

Lange Coupler

MLANGLang1

L=9.0417 mmS=5.1 milW=3.8 milSubst="MSub1"

MSUBMSub1


MSub

TermTerm3

Z=50 OhmNum=3

TermTerm1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

TermTerm4

Z=50 OhmNum=4

S_ParamSP1


S-PARAMETERS

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

Lange Coupler Results

m3freq=m3=-11.640

6.000GHz

m2freq=m2=-1.997

6.000GHz

m1freq=m1=-5.827

6.000GHz

m4freq=m4=-15.163

6.000GHz

m3freq=m3=-11.640

6.000GHz

m2freq=m2=-1.997

6.000GHz

m1freq=m1=-5.827

6.000GHz

m4freq=m4=-15.163

6.000GHz

4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.84.0 8.0

-18

-17

-16

-15

-14

-13

-12

-11

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-19

-1

freq, GHz

dB(S(1,1))

Readout

m3dB(S(1,2))

Readout

m2

dB(S(1,3))

Readout

m1

dB(S(1,4))

Readout

m4

Future Work

• MATLAB Work• Finish MATLAB code and test with arbitrary

values• Determine the procedure of operating the

oscilloscope through remote access• Implement oscilloscope readings into

MATLAB code• Stream-line code

Future Work

• Six-Port Network Analyzer• Determine power measurements in ADS at the

four output ports• Design loads used for calibration• Simulate six-port network in ADS• Fabricate network analyzer

Tasks & Schedule(current)

Matthew Rangen Keith Bruno

January 21 to 27 Develop Calibration & Measuring Equations

Design & Simulate 90º Hybrid

Jan/Feb 28 to 3 · · February 4 to 10 · 11 to 17 Implement Equations in MAT LAB

Design & Simulate Lange Coupler

18 to 24 · · Feb/March 25 to 3 · Design & Simulate 6-port March 4 to 10 Test Programming Code · 11 to 17 Spring Break 18 to 24 · Fabricate 6-port Parts 25 to 31 Integrate MATLAB & Oscilloscopes Fabricate 6-port April 1 to 7 Purchase Detectors 8 to 14 Test 6-port 15 to 21 System Integration & Testing 22 to 28 Final Report & Presentation Preparation April/May 29 to 5 Final Report due, Presentation & Final Exams May 6 to11 Final Exams

Overview

• Objective

• Background

• Block Diagram

• Tasks & Schedule

• Current Results• MATLAB• Network Analyzer

• Future Work

Questions?

Check us out at:

cegt201.bradley.edu/projects/proj2005/sixpna

Low Cost, Compact Microwave Reflectometer for Non-Destructive Testing Matthew Rangen and Keith Bruno March 3, 2005 Bradley University Department of Electrical.

Documents

hybrid slide

port network analyzer

calibration flowchart

lange coupler slide

tasks schedule current

computer engineering

detailed block diagram

phase shift difference