LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA 1. Session 1 Overview Getting the Big Picture -- Types and Roles of Airport Planning Rick Busch Director of Planning Denver International.

LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA

1

LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA

Session 1 Overview

Getting the Big Picture -- Types and Roles

of Airport Planning

Rick BuschDirector of Planning Denver International [email protected]

2

Monica R. Newhouse-RodriguezDeputy Executive DirectorBob Hope [email protected]

• In preparing for battle I have always found that plans are useless, but planning is indispensable. Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Adventure is just bad planning.Roald Amundsen , Norwegian Explorer

• Failure to prepare is preparing to fail.John Wooden, Basketball Coach

Planning…

3

Presentation Outline• Role of Planning at Airports Today

• Historical Perspective

• Guidance – ICAO and FAA

• Typical Planning Activities and Processes

- Strategic Planning

- System Planning

- Master Planning

- Project-Related Planning

- Community Planning

4

The Dream:

• Stable Progressive Growth

• Orderly, Systematic Process

• Established Parametrics for Facility Needs

• Full Coordination with Stakeholders and Public

• Ability to Define and Package a 5-year Development Program

• Simple, Full Integration with NEPA Requirements

5

The Reality: Decision-Making in Dynamic Environment

• Growth – FAA NextGen Planning for 2 to 3 times increase in Air Traffic, but where will it occur?

• Impacts on Individual Airports Subject to Airlines’ Decisions

• Uncertainties

• Airports as a Business -- Economic Efficiencies and Making the Business Case

• Integration of New Technologies

• Customer Service Expectations

• Sustainability

• Integration with NEPA and other Environmental Challenges

6

Enter the Planner

• “Jacks of all trades” – Requires broad knowledge of aviation to help airport management and FAA to make decisions

- Passenger, Cargo, General Aviation, Roads, and Support Facilities

• Often viewed as visionaries and asked to make predictions anticipating the future.

• Frequently on “leading edge” of airport development and on “bleeding edge” of politics.

7

Visionary? Predictions

• “Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future.” Niels Bohr • “The future, according to some scientists, will be exactly like the past,

only far more expensive.” John Sladek

• “The future ain't what it used to be.” Yogi Berra• “There are many methods for predicting the future. For example, you

can read horoscopes, tea leaves, tarot cards, or crystal balls. Collectively, these methods are known as "nutty methods." Or you can put well-researched facts into sophisticated computer models, more commonly referred to as "a complete waste of time.” Scott Adams

• “Trying to predict the future is like trying to drive down a country road at night with no lights while looking out the back window.” Peter F. Drucker

8

Typical Planning Assignments: Its not just Master Planning

• Strategic Planning• Airspace Planning• Airfield Marking and Signing Plans• Aircraft Gate Planning• Facility Planning• Environmental Planning – NEPA, Air Quality Conformity ,etc.• Land Use Compatibility and Airport Revenue Development Planning• Transportation Planning • Contingency and Safety Management System Planning• Financial Planning and Benefit Cost Analyses• Others – GIS, eALP and Sustainability Plans

9

Airport Planning Today• Dynamic Environment

– Airlines/Aircraft Operators– Airports– Modernization and Technology

• Ingredients for Good Planning:– Have a “toolbox” with good analytical tools and guidance– Be efficient– Collaborate early and often with all stakeholders– Be creative– Be a good listener and communicator

10

The Next 2½ Days…

• State of the Art for the Planner’s World – New Approaches and New Tools

• Improved Decision-Making

• Evolving Considerations

• Integration of Planning and NEPA processes

• Group Exercises on Case Studieso Denver International Airporto Houston Ellington Field

11

A Historical Perspective

Chicago-Midway 1927 New York-LaGuardia 1939

12

A Historical PerspectiveLong Beach Airport Opened 1925,

Terminal 1941

13

A Historical Perspective

• CAA

• Doolittle Commission 1952 – Modernized Geometric Criteria and Compatibility

• FAA – 1958 – FAAP Program

• Things Changed in 1969 and 1970

– National Environmental Policy Act

– Airport Development Aid Program

14

A Historical Perspective

15

Guidance and Standards

International Standards and Recommended Practices

United States’ Regulations and Standards Untied States is a

“Contracting State”

16

ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)

• A Standard is any specification whose application is recognized as necessary for safety or regularity of international air navigation and to which Contracting States will conform

• A Recommended Practice is any specification whose uniform application is recognized as desirable for the safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation.

• The rights of Contracting States (i.e.; countries) are fully respected with no discrimination.

17

ICAO SARPs -- 18 Annexes 1. Personnel Licensing

2. Rules of the Air

3. Meteorological Services for Int’l Air Navigation

4. Aeronautical Charts

5. Units of Measurement Used in Air and Ground Ops.

6. Operation of Aircraft

7. Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks

8. Airworthiness of Aircraft

9. Facilitation

10. Aeronautical Communications

11. Air Traffic Services

12. Search and Rescue

13. Aircraft Accident Investigation

14. Aerodromes

15. Aeronautical Information Services

16. Environmental Protection

17. Security

18. Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air

18

ICAO Aerodromes Guidance• Annex 14 – two volumes:

– Vol. l – Aerodrome Design and Operations– Vol. ll – Heliports

• Manuals – Guidance and information to facilitate uniform application of SARPs. They include:– Airport Planning (includes Master Planning, Land-Use and

Environmental Control and Consultant /Construction Services)– Aerodrome Design – Airport Services (includes rescue and fire fighting, bird control,

obstacle control, maintenance practices, etc.)– Heliport Manual– Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems– Aerodrome Certification

19

Changes to ICAO Guidance

• Accomplished through an extended process:– Steps from Working Groups and Panels with Final Technical

Approval by Air Navigation Commission and Adoption by the ICAO Council

– ICAO Secretariat has relatively small staff – mainly administrative.– Working Groups and Panels made up of representatives from

various contracting states and (generally as “observers”) international organizations

• FAA is U.S. Representative

• ACI has observer status

20

FAA Responsibilities

• Regulation of civil aviation to promote safety

• Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology

• Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft

• Researching and developing the National

• Airspace System and civil aeronautics

• Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation

• Regulating commercial space transportation

21

FAA Organization – ATO• FAA Administrator

– Air Traffic Organization• Operations Supported by 3 Regional Service Centers• Strategy and Performance• Finance• NextGen and Operations Planning• Office of Safety

– Includes the functions of :• Air Traffic Service• Airway Facilities• Flight Standards

22

FAA Organization Other Offices and Divisions

• FAA Administrator• Associate Administrators

– Administrative Offices – Civil Rights, Chief Council, Government Affairs Human Resources, Communications, etc.

– Aviation Policy, Planning and Environment– Information Services– Airports– Commercial Space Transportation– Safety– Regions and Center Operations

23

FAA Organization – Airportswww.faa.gov/airports

• Headquarters Offices:– Office of Associate Administrator for Airports– Office of Airport Planning and Programming

• Airports Financial Assistance Division• Planning and Environmental Division

– Office of Airport Safety and Standards• Airport Engineering Division• Airport Safety and Operations Division

– Office of Airport Compliance and Field Operations• Airport Compliance Division

• 9 Regional Airports Offices

• 21 Airports District Offices24

FAA Regulation and Control• Certification

– Airmen (Pilots, Mechanics, Dispatchers)– Airlines and Other Aircraft Operators– Airports– Repair Stations– Approved Equipment

• Requirements under Federal Grant Assurances

• Private Sector Requirements often based on FAA approval and Certification – for example, insurance

25

Major Sources of FAA Guidance• Rules and Regulations in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations

– requires process of Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) and other timely federal public notices and announcements

– Parts 77 (Obstacles) and Part 139 (Certification) and Part 150 (Noise Compatibility) are key Regulations for airports

• FAA Orders and Notices

• Advisory Circulars and Airworthiness Directives

• Handbooks and Manuals

26

Key FAA Orders for Airport Planning

• 5100.38 AIP Handbook• 5190.1B Airport Compliance Manual• 1050.1E Policies and Procedures for Considering Environmental

Impacts• 5050.4B NEPA Implementation at Airports• 5200.11 FAA Airports (ARP) Safety Management System• 8260.3B United States Standard for Terminal Instrument

Procedures (TERPs)• JO 7110.65 Air Traffic Control • JO 7400.2G Procedures for Handling Airspace Matters

27

“Advisory” Circularswww.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/

index.cfm/go/document.list

• Required Use if Airport is Certificated and/or Grant funding has been received

• FAA-wide -- over 800 AC’s in twelve Series (generally organized by subject area)

• Airports are the 150-Series (over 120 issued)– AC 150/5000s – Airport Planning– AC 150/5100s – Federal-aid Airport Programs and Compliance– AC 150/5200s – Airport Safety, Operations and Equipment– AC 150/5300s – Airport Design and Construction

28

Useful Airports ACs for Planning

• AC 150-5060-5 Airport Capacity and Delay (Revision Planned)

• AC 150/5070-6B Airport Master Plans• AC 150/5070-7 The Airport System Planning Process• AC 150/5200-32A Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or

Near Airports• AC 150/5210-22 Airport Certification Manual• AC 150/5300-13 Airport Design• AC 150/5300-14 Design of Aircraft Deicing Facilities• AC 150/5300-16, 17 & 18 General Guidance and Specifications for

Aeronautical Surveys

29

Useful Airports ACs for Planning (continued)

• AC 150/5320-5C Surface Drainage Design• AC 150/5325-4B Runway Length Requirements for

Airport Design• AC 150/5340-1J Standards for Airport Markings• AC 150/5340-18E Standards for Airport Sign Systems• AC 150/5340-30D Design and Installation Details for

Airport Visual Aids• AC 150/5370-2E Operational Safety on Airports During

Construction• AC 150/5390-2B Heliport Design

30

Other Guidance for Planning• Other FAA Publications

– Engineering Briefs– Certalerts– Policies, Letters and other Documents

• TSA Publications• State and Local Guidance

– Airport Development Standards– Zoning and Building Codes

• Industry Guidance – IATA, NFPA, ASHTO, Others• Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP)

– Surveys, Benchmarking, Best Practices– Suggestions for new process development and criteria and creation

of prototype analytical modeling tools

31

32

33

Planning without action is futile.

Action without planning is fatal.

34

Planning Activities:Airport System Planning

• “Developing for planning purposes, information, and guidance to decide the extent, kind, location, and timing of airport development needed in a specific area to establish a viable, balanced, and integrated system of public-use airports.”

Source: Federal law 49 USC 47102(8)

35

Planning Activities: Airport System Planning

• State, Regional, or Metropolitan Area• Uses

– Ensure accessibility to National Air Transportation System– Establishment of System Standards and Needs– Determine Financing Needs and Priorities– Insure Efficient Allocation of Resources

36

Planning Activities:Airport System Planning

Source: FAA AC 150/5070-7

36

37

Planning Activities: Airport System Planning

• Entry into the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS)– Identifies more than 3,400 existing and proposed airports that

are significant to national air transportation and thus eligible to receive Federal grants under the Airport Improvement Program (AIP)

– Includes estimates of the amount of AIP money needed to fund infrastructure development projects that will bring these airports up to current design standards and add capacity to congested airports

• Entry into the National Airspace System (NAS)

38

Planning Activities:Airport System Planning Process

Source: FAA AC 150/5070-7

Houston-Galveston Area 2040 Regional Aviation System Plan

Update

39Source: Airliners.net

Houston-Galveston Area 2040 Regional Aviation System Plan

Update

40Source: Airliners.net

41

Airport Development Process

42

Planning Activities: Strategic Planning for Airport

• Vision / Mission / Values – organization’s foundation– Vision – Future state of the organization – long term objective– Mission – Purpose of the organization – why it exists – short

term objective– Values – Shared beliefs – drive culture and priorities

• Key elements:– Visioning with stakeholders and community– Core Values of organization– Situational Analyses

• Organizational initiatives linked to Vision/Mission/Values• Align organization’s activities with initiatives

43

Planning Activities: Master Planning

• Not mandatory – but FAA-recommended process to prepare Airport Layout Plan (which is required)

• Long term look ahead to provide plans for orderly facility development and on-airport land uses

• Link to other long-term community planning efforts on land use and facility infrastructure– Regional and Community Comprehensive Plans– In CA - Airport Land Use Compatibility Plans

• Provides general assessment of financial feasibility• Makes business case for key long term decisions

regarding development

44

Planning Activities: Airport Layout Plan and Narrative Report

• Airports are required by FAA to keep ALP updated• ALP Drawing Set ranges in size by Airport

– ALP Drawing– Terminal Area Plan– Airspace, Inner portion of Approach Surface and Departure

Surface Drawings– Land Use Drawing and Airport Property Map

• ALP Narrative Report1. Basic aeronautical forecasts

2. Basis for proposed items for development

3. Rationale for unusual design features and modifications to FAA Design Standards

4. Summary of development stages and items in each stage

45

Planning Activities: Site Selection

• Normally evolves from system or master planning process as an alternative

• Criteria and analysis generally kept at high level to determine feasibility and practicality

• Large scale stakeholder and community collaboration and involvement a must

• Recent examples:– Las Vegas– Chicago– San Diego– Atlanta (a new airport is often discussed)

46

47

Airport Development Process

48

Project Related Planning: A Typical Process

• Facility Needs / Issues Identification– From Strategic Plan Initiatives – From Master Plan– From Management and Staff– From Airlines and other stakeholders

How does a “Good Idea” become a Project?How does a “Good Idea” become a Project?

49

Project Related Planning: A Typical Process

• Preliminary Validation– Alternative solutions and very preliminary analysis (other than

Master Plan projects)• Solutions may be management or development related

• What are estimated benefits and costs?

• Consistent with Master Plan

• Major issues that need consideration

• Include as candidate for Capital Improvement Program?– Staff subject-matter teams review and prioritize– Senior Management makes decision to include

50

Project Related Planning: A Typical Process

• Capital Improvement Program– Purpose: to allow for financing and for pre-design activities and

design to be scheduled– Typically a 5 to 6 year program identified

• “Bow wave” of projects from year to year

– “Planned” projects versus contingent, “Demand Responsive” projects

– Projects grouped as “programs” to allow maximum synergies and coordination and minimal disruption

– Potential for linkage to scheduling / reporting software applications

51

Project Related Planning: A Typical Process

• Pre-design planning activities:– Project refinement – “programming”

• Layout

• Costing (grant eligible?)

• Scheduling

– NEPA• Cat Ex

• EA

• EIS

– Benefit / Cost Analysis• Projects for FAA funding

• Projects for final “business case” decisions by airport

– Planner’s role may be to perform work by staff or consultants or to work as a team member with other specialists

52

Project Related Planning: A Typical Process

• Design– “Validation” of program by designer– Significant subsequent involvement and collaboration by Airport

Planner to:• Assure project’s original purpose and objectives are achieved

• As subject-matter expert, insure compliance with Master Plan / ALP

• Provide technical input on program changes

– Coordinate with project manager on FAA 7460-1 approvals

• Construction– Planner has much reduced role, will participate in “brush fires”

and related meetings

53

Planning During Operation:

Significant Continued Involvement

• Examples:– Aircraft gate use, aircraft layout studies, and gate paint markings– Airfield signing and marking– Traffic analyses – aircraft and vehicular– Aircraft overflight and noise studies– Construction closure impacts and phasing analyses– Business / management policy studies and analysis– Part 139 studies and other related assistance which may involve

data collection, exhibits, GIS applications, etc.

54

Other Planning Activity at Airports

• Monitoring– Performance against goals and objectives– Industry / Airport trends, activity levels and community feedback

• Collaboration with and participation in land-use, transportation and other community planning efforts– Metropolitan Planning Organizations or Regional Planning

Councils– Local government planning departments– Special studies that relate to the airport

• Internal and external efforts to improve analysis tools, meet new requirements and otherwise improve the planning process and associated resources

55